Miglitol

Not to be confused with Meglutol.
Miglitol
Structural diagram of miglitol
Names
Trade namesGlyset
IUPAC name
  • (2R,3R,4R,5S)-1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)
    piperidine-3,4,5-triol
Clinical data
Drug classα-glucosidase inhibitor[1]
Main usesType 2 diabetes[1]
Side effectsDiarrhea, abdominal pain, increased intestinal gas[1]
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Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B3
  • US: B (No risk in non-human studies)
    Routes of
    use    		By mouth (tablets)
    Typical dose300 mg TID[1]
    External links
    AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
    MedlinePlusa601079
    Legal
    License data
    Legal status
    Pharmacokinetics
    BioavailabilityDose-dependent
    Protein bindingNegligible (<4.0%)
    MetabolismNil
    Elimination half-life2 hours
    ExcretionKidney (95%)
    Chemical and physical data
    FormulaC8H17NO5
    Molar mass207.226 g·mol−1
    3D model (JSmol)
    Density1.458 g/cm3
    Melting point114 °C (237 °F)
    SMILES
    • OCCN1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C1)CO
    InChI
    • InChI=1S/C8H17NO5/c10-2-1-9-3-6(12)8(14)7(13)5(9)4-11/h5-8,10-14H,1-4H2/t5-,6+,7-,8-/m1/s1 checkY
    • Key:IBAQFPQHRJAVAV-ULAWRXDQSA-N checkY

    Miglitol, sold under the brand name Glycet, is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes.[1] It is taken by mouth.[1] It is used together with diet and exercise.[1]

    Common side effects include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and increased intestinal gas.[1] Well there is no evidence of harm in pregnancy, such use has not been well studied.[2] It is an α-glucosidase inhibitor which decreases the break down complex carbohydrates into glucose.[1]

    Miglitol was approved for medical use in the United States in 1996.[1] It is available as a generic medication.[3] In the United States it costs about 24 USD per month as of 2021.[3]

    Medical uses

    Dosage

    It is taken at a dose of 300 mg three times per day.[1]

    Chemistry

    Miglitol, and other structurally-related iminosugars, inhibit glycoside hydrolase enzymes called alpha-glucosidases. Since miglitol works by preventing digestion of carbohydrates, it lowers the degree of postprandial hyperglycemia. It must be taken at the start of main meals to have maximal effect.[4] Its effect will depend on the amount of non-monosaccharide carbohydrates in a person's diet.

    In contrast to acarbose (another alpha-glucosidase inhibitor), miglitol is systemically absorbed; however, it is not metabolized and is excreted by the kidneys.

    See also

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Miglitol Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
    2. ↑ "Miglitol (Glyset) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
    3. 1 2 "Miglitol Prices, Coupons & Savings Tips - GoodRx". GoodRx. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
    4. ↑ "Glyset (miglitol) tablets label - Accessdata FDA" (PDF). Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. August 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
    Identifiers:
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