Isoetarine

Isoetharine is a selective short-acting[1] β2 adrenoreceptor agonist. It can be called the "granddaughter of adrenalin" in the line of β2 agonists that gave quick relief for bronchospasm and asthma.[2] Epinephrine (adrenalin) was the first of these, and next came isoprenaline (isoproterenol). Isoetharine was the third drug in this line, thus the third generation or granddaughter of the original.

Isoetharine
Clinical data
Pronunciation/sˈɛθərn/ eye-soh-ETH-ə-reen
Trade namesBronkosol and Bronkometer (USAN name is isoetharine)
AHFS/Drugs.comInternational Drug Names
MedlinePlusa682862
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
Identifiers
  • (RS)-4-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)butyl]benzene-1,2-diol
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.007.703
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC13H21NO3
Molar mass239.315 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
ChiralityRacemic mixture
  • Oc1ccc(cc1O)C(O)C(NC(C)C)CC
  • InChI=1S/C13H21NO3/c1-4-10(14-8(2)3)13(17)9-5-6-11(15)12(16)7-9/h5-8,10,13-17H,4H2,1-3H3 checkY
  • Key:HUYWAWARQUIQLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

In the western United States, it was the drug of choice in the late 1970s and early 1980s for nebulization ("breathing treatment") to relieve airway spasm. It generally gave sharp relief of shortness of breath, starting within two to five minutes after the patient began breathing the nebulized mist. This rapid onset is not as clearly present in later drugs.

All of the early β2 agonist catecholamines used for bronchospasm had strong side effects, with increase in heart rate as the most common and most problematic. This came because its "β2 effect" was not quite as selective as might be hoped. β1 receptors appeared to also be stimulated in some patients, causing cardiac and other CNS side effects. With isoetharine this effect tended to be transient and usually went away within a matter of minutes after the end of the treatment. Increase in blood pressure also occurred in a small but significant percentage of cases, but also was almost invariably transient.

By the late 1980s, isoetharine was largely replaced by orciprenaline (metaproterenol), which seemed to have slightly less cardiac side effect and lasted a couple of hours longer. Orciprenaline in turn was replaced by salbutamol (albuterol). Some practitioners still believe that these later aerosolized bronchodilators never gave quite as quick of relief from asthmatic shortness of breath as did isoetharine. Thus they see a continued specialty role in treatment of severe shortness of breath that does not improve in the first five minutes of salbutamol treatment.

References

  1. Seth SD, Seth V (2009). "53. Pharmacotherapy of Bronchial Asthma". Textbook of Pharmacology (3rd revised ed.). New Delhi, India: Elsevier India. p. VII.14. ISBN 978-8131211588.
  2. "Isoetarine". MedsChat.

Further reading

  • Burton G (1984). Respiratory Care. JB Lippincott. pp. 456–482.
  • Scanlan C (1999). Egan's Fundamentals of Respiratory Care. CV Mosby. pp. 571–576.
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