1809

1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1809th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 809th year of the 2nd millennium, the 9th year of the 19th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1800s decade. As of the start of 1809, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1809 in topic
Humanities
Archaeology – Architecture – Art
Film - Literature – Music - (jazz)
By country
Australia – Belgium – Brazil – Bulgaria – Canada – Denmark – France – Germany – Mexico – New Zealand – Norway – Philippines – Portugal – Russia – South Africa – Spain – Sweden – United Kingdom – United States – Venezuela
Other topics
Rail transport – Science – Sports
Lists of leaders
Sovereign states – State leaders – Territorial governors – Religious leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
Works
1809 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1809
MDCCCIX
Ab urbe condita2562
Armenian calendar1258
ԹՎ ՌՄԾԸ
Assyrian calendar6559
Balinese saka calendar1730–1731
Bengali calendar1216
Berber calendar2759
British Regnal year49 Geo. 3 – 50 Geo. 3
Buddhist calendar2353
Burmese calendar1171
Byzantine calendar7317–7318
Chinese calendar戊辰年 (Earth Dragon)
4505 or 4445
    — to —
己巳年 (Earth Snake)
4506 or 4446
Coptic calendar1525–1526
Discordian calendar2975
Ethiopian calendar1801–1802
Hebrew calendar5569–5570
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1865–1866
 - Shaka Samvat1730–1731
 - Kali Yuga4909–4910
Holocene calendar11809
Igbo calendar809–810
Iranian calendar1187–1188
Islamic calendar1223–1224
Japanese calendarBunka 6
(文化６年)
Javanese calendar1735–1736
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar4142
Minguo calendar103 before ROC
民前103年
Nanakshahi calendar341
Thai solar calendar2351–2352
Tibetan calendar阳土龙年
(male Earth-Dragon)
1935 or 1554 or 782
    — to —
阴土蛇年
(female Earth-Snake)
1936 or 1555 or 783
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1809.
January 16: Battle of Corunna

Events

January–March
February 11: Robert Fulton patents steamboat

April–June
  • April 9 – Tiroleans rise, under the command of Andreas Hofer, against French and Bavarian occupation.
  • April 10 – Napoleonic Wars – The War of the Fifth Coalition begins when forces of the Austrian Empire invade Bavaria.
  • April 11–15 – Napoleonic Wars – Battle of the Basque Roads: The British Royal Navy defeats the French fleet in the mouth of the Charente, although officers on both sides face subsequent courts-martial.
  • April 14 – Battle of Abensberg, Bavaria: Napoleon defeats Austria.
  • April 18 – The 2,000 Guineas Stakes horse race is first run in England.[3]
  • April 19 – War of the Fifth Coalition –
    • Battle of Raszyn: The armies of the Austrian Empire are defeated by the Duchy of Warsaw.
    • Battle of Teugen-Hausen: The armies of the Austrian Empire are defeated by the French and their Bavarian allies.
  • April 22 – Battle of Eckmühl: French troops under Napoleon I and Marshal Davout defeat the Austrians, under Archduke Charles.
  • May 3 - the Battle of Nimla (1809) occurs, which allows Mahmud Shah Durrani to seize the Durrani throne from his brother, Shah Shuja Durrani.
  • May 5
  • May 10 – Gustav IV Adolf is officially deposed from the Swedish throne, by the Riksdag of the Estates.
  • May 10–11 – Peninsular War – Battle of Grijó: the Anglo-Portuguese Army, commanded by Sir Arthur Wellesley, defeats the French army, commanded by Marshal Soult, in Portugal.
  • May 12 – Peninsular War – Second Battle of Porto: The Anglo-Portuguese Army, commanded by Wellesley, drives the French army, commanded by Marshal Soult, out of Porto, and forces them to retreat from the country.
  • May 17 – Napoleon I of France orders the annexation of the Papal States to the French Empire. When he announces that the Pope's secular power has ended, the Pope excommunicates him.
  • May 21 – Battle of Aspern-Essling: Austrian troops under Archduke Karl beat the French under Napoleon, in a hard-fought battle.
  • May 24 – Dartmoor Prison opens in England, to house French prisoners of war.[5]
  • May 31 – Mauritius campaign of 1809–11 – Action of 31 May 1809 in the Bay of Bengal: The French frigate Caroline, operating from Isle de France (Mauritius), captures most of a British East India Company fleet.
  • June 6 – Sweden promulgates a new Instrument of Government, which restores political power to the Riksdag of the Estates, after authoritarian rule since 1772. On the same day, Duke Charles (uncle of the deposed king Gustav IV Adolf) is elected King, under the name Charles XIII.
  • June 7 – Shoja Shah of the Durrani Empire signs a treaty with the British; only weeks later, he is succeeded by Mahmud Shah.
  • June 14 – A French victory, in the battle of Raab, prevents archduke John of Austria from bringing any significant force to the battle of Wagram.

July–September

October–December

Date unknown
  • William Combe begins publication of the verse Tour of Dr. Syntax in search of the Picturesque in Ackermann's Political Magazine (London), illustrated with cartoons by Thomas Rowlandson, depicting comic and ridiculous scenes involving a hapless country physician, and coming to represent British Regency humour.
  • Louis Poinsot describes the two remaining Kepler–Poinsot polyhedra.
  • Jean-Baptiste Lamarck publishes Philosophie Zoologique, outlining a (wrong) concept of evolution, by acquisition or loss of inherited characteristics, through use or disuse.
  • British recruits to the British East India Company (and subsequently to the Indian Civil Service) are required to learn at least one Indian language fluently.
  • Arorae an atoll of the Gilbert Islands was sighted by Captain John Patterson, on British brig Elizabeth.

Births

January–June
Louis Braille
Edgar Allan Poe
Felix Mendelssohn
Abraham Lincoln
Charles Darwin

July–December
Kit Carson

Date unknown
  • Ștefan Golescu, 8th Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1874)[16]
  • Samuel Ajayi Crowther, 1st Black Anglican Bishop, pioneer linguist (d. 1891)
  • Henry K. Hoff, American admiral (d. 1878)
  • Esther Leach, English-Indian actress (d. 1843)

Deaths

January–June
Joseph Haydn
Thomas Paine
Daniel Lambert
  • January 6 – Johann Augustus Eberhard, German theologian, philosopher (b. 1739)
  • January 16 – John Moore, British general (killed in battle) (b. 1761)
  • January 20 – Thomson J. Skinner, American politician (b. 1752)
  • February 6 – Antoine Joseph Santerre, French general (b. 1752)
  • February 20 – Richard Gough, English antiquary (b. 1735)
  • February 25 – John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore (Lord Dunmore)
  • March 7 – Johann Georg Albrechtsberger, Austrian composer (b. 1736)
  • March 11 – Hannah Cowley, English dramatist and poet (b. 1743)[17]
  • March 18 – Karoline Kaulla, German banker (b. 1739)
  • March 20 – Mary Bateman, English woman executed for murder, known as the Yorkshire Witch
  • March 25 – Anna Seward, English writer (b. 1747)[18]
  • March 27 – Joseph-Marie Vien, French painter (b. 1716)
  • April 6
    • Hardy Murfree, American soldier (b. 1752)
    • Jean-Pierre Saint-Ours, Swiss artist (b. 1752)
  • April 26 – Bernhard Schott, German music publisher (b. 1748)[19]
  • May 13 – Beilby Porteus, English bishop, abolitionist (b. 1731)
  • May 17 – Leopold Auenbrugger, Austrian physician (b. 1722)
  • May 24 – Charles Rainsford, British general (b. 1728)
  • May 29 – Johannes von Müller, Swiss historian (b. 1752)
  • May 31
  • June 4 – Nicolai Abildgaard, Danish painter (b. 1743)
  • June 8 – Thomas Paine, American revolutionary writer (b. 1737)[20]
  • June 15 – Sir George Baker, 1st Baronet, British physician (b. 1722)
  • June 21 – Daniel Lambert, English gaol keeper and animal breeder, famous for his unusually large size (b. 1770)

July–December
Matthew Boulton

References
  1. "Robert Fulton patented the steamboat in 1809". Thinkfinity. Verizon. Archived from the original on July 24, 2011. Retrieved April 15, 2011.
  2. "The Fulton Patents". Today in Science History. Retrieved April 15, 2011.
  3. Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 243–244. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  4. "Mary Kies - Patenting Pioneer". About.com. Retrieved May 14, 2007.
  5. Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
  6. "The Boyd incident - a frontier of chaos?". New Zealand History online. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. December 7, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2012.
  7. John Henry Ingram (1891). Edgar Allan Poe: His Life, Letters, and Opinions. Ward, Lock, Bowden. p. 449.
  8. Conway, David (2012). Jewry in Music: Entry to the Profession from the Enlightenment to Richard Wagner. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 194. ISBN 978-1-107-01538-8.
  9. Desmond, Adrian J. (September 13, 2002). "Charles Darwin". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on February 6, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  10. Donald, David Herbert (1996). Lincoln. New York, New York: Simon and Schuster. pp. 20–22. ISBN 978-0-684-82535-9.
  11. Nicholas Worrall (November 4, 1982). Nikolai Gogol and Ivan Turgenev. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-349-16917-7.
  12. Leslie, Stephen (1898). "Life of Tennyson" . Studies of a Biographer. Vol. 2. London: Duckworth and Co. pp. 196–240.
  13. John R. Shook (January 1, 2005). Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers. A&C Black. p. 1148. ISBN 978-1-84371-037-0.
  14. The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, with New Maps and Original American Articles by Eminent Writers. Werner. 1895. p. 19.
  15. George William Erskine Russell (1891). The Right Honourable William Ewart Gladstone. Harper & Brothers. p. 1.
  16. Radu Florescu (1997). The Struggle Against Russia in the Romanian Principalities: A Problem in Anglo-Turkish Diplomacy, 1821-1854. Center for Romanian Studies, The Foundation for Romanian Culture and Studies. p. 204. ISBN 978-973-98091-3-9.
  17. William Harding (1845). The History of Tiverton. p. 2.
  18. Sir John Benjamin Stone (1870). A history of Lichfield Cathedral. With a description of its architecture and monuments. p. 104.
  19. Brück, Marion (2007), "Schott, Peter Bernhard", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 23, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 486–487; (full text online)
  20. Thomas Paine (1879). The Theological Works of Thomas Paine ...: The Whole Preceded by a Life of Paine. Belfords, Clarke & Company. p. 83.
  21. H. W. Dickinson (October 31, 2010). Matthew Boulton. Cambridge University Press. p. 193. ISBN 978-1-108-01224-9.
  22. Daniel Whistler; Benjamin Berger (October 29, 2020). The Schelling Reader. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-350-05332-8.
  23. William John Arthur Charles James Cavendish-Bentinck Duke of Portland; Charles Fairfax Murray (1894). Catalogue of the Pictures Belonging to His Grace the Duke of Portland: At Welbeck Abbey, and in London. 1894. Pr. at the Chiswick Press. p. 10.
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