咱

See also: 偺

咱	U+54B1, 咱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-54B1

← 咰
[U+54B0]

CJK Unified Ideographs

咲 →
[U+54B2]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

咱 (radical 30, 口+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 口竹月山 (RHBU), four-corner 6600₀, composition ⿰口自)

References

KangXi: page 187, character 7
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3552
Dae Jaweon: page 406, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 618, character 6
Unihan data for U+54B1

Chinese

Etymology 1

trad.		咱/喒/偺
simp.		咱
variant forms		𠴰倃

Fusion of 自家 (MC d͡ziɪ^H kˠa, “self”) [Song] > Modern Mandarin zá (Lü, 1984). Fusion with 們／们 (men) produces the form with a nasal coda [Yuan], e.g. Modern Mandarin zán (Norman, 1988).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zán, zá (zan², za²)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄢˊ, ㄗㄚˊ

(Chengdu, SP): za²
Cantonese (Jyutping): zaa¹, zaa², ze¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): cha
Jin (Wiktionary): za²
Min Dong (BUC): cā
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): cham / cha

(Teochew, Peng'im): za¹
Wu (Wiktionary): tse (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Pinyin: zán
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄢˊ
  - Wade–Giles: tsan²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzarn
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sän³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan, literary variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Pinyin: zá
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄚˊ
  - Wade–Giles: tsa²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzar
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sä³⁵/

Note:

zán - “I (dialectal); we; particle”;
zá - “I (literary)”.

- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: za²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: za
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sa²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zaa¹, zaa², ze¹
  - Yale: jā, já, jē
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaa¹, dzaa², dze¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: za¹, za², zé¹
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡säː⁵⁵/, /t͡säː³⁵/, /t͡sɛː⁵⁵/

Note: zaa2, ze1 - rare.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: cha
  - Hakka Romanization System: za
  - Hagfa Pinyim: za⁴
  - IPA: /t͡sa⁵⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: za²
  - IPA (old-style): /t͡sa⁵³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cā
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sa³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cham
  - Tâi-lô: tsam
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zafm
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sam⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha
  - Tâi-lô: tsa
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zaf
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sa⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: za¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsa
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sa³³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: tse (T1)
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡se̞⁵³/

Definitions

咱

(literary or dialectal) I; me
(inclusive) we; us
(literary) A particle used after personal pronouns.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 我 (“I”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		吾, 我, 私, 余, 予, 台, 朕
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		我
Mandarin	Beijing	我
	Taiwan	我
	Jinan	我, 俺
	Xi'an	我
	Wuhan	我
	Chengdu	我
	Yangzhou	我
	Hefei	我
Cantonese	Guangzhou	我
	Hong Kong	我
	Taishan	我
	Yangjiang	我
Gan	Nanchang	我
Hakka	Meixian	𠊎
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	𠊎
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	𠊎
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	𠊎
	Dongshi (Dabu)	𠊎
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	𠊎
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	𠊎
Jin	Taiyuan	我
Min Bei	Jian'ou	我
Min Dong	Fuzhou	我, 奴
Min Nan	Xiamen	我, 阮
	Quanzhou	我, 阮
	Zhangzhou	我, 阮
	Taipei	我, 阮
	Kaohsiung	我, 阮
	Penang	我
	Philippines (Manila)	我
	Chaozhou	我
	Wenchang	我, 儂 humble, used by someone in the younger generation
Wu	Shanghai	我, 吾, 阿拉
	Suzhou	我, 奴
	Wenzhou	我
	Ningbo	我, 我儂, 像我
Xiang	Changsha	我
Xiang	Shuangfeng	我, 卬

Dialectal synonyms of 咱們 (“we; us (inclusive)”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		咱們, 你我
Mandarin	Beijing	咱們, 咱
	Taiwan	咱們, 咱
	Jinan	咱們, 咱, 咱這伙
	Xi'an	咱
	Wuhan	我們 †
	Chengdu	我們 †
	Yangzhou	我們 †
	Hefei	我們 †
Cantonese	Guangzhou	我哋 †
	Hong Kong	我哋 †
	Taishan	我 †
	Yangjiang	偔 †
Gan	Nanchang	我個裡 †, 我們 †
Hakka	Meixian	𠊎等人 †, 𠊎等 †, 齊儕
	Xingning	𠊎齊家
	Huidong (Daling)	𠊎俚
	Qujiang	𠊎俚
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	𠊎俚
	Changting	𠊎等人
	Pingyu	𠊎等人 †, 𠊎兜 †
	Wuping	𠊎嫩人 †
	Liancheng	𠊎大沙
	Ninghua	𠊎人 †
	Yudu	𠊎尼
	Ruijin	𠊎班
	Shicheng	𠊎人
	Shangyou	𠊎子人 †
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	𫣆兜, 𫣆這兜, 𫣆俚, 𫣆
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	𠊎等 †, 𠊎等人 †
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	𫣆俚, 吾俚, 𠊎俚, 𫣆兜, 𫣆這兜, 𫣆
	Dongshi (Dabu)	𫣆等, 𫣆這兜, 𫣆
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	𫣆兜, 𫣆這兜, 𫣆俚
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	𫣆人, 𫣆
Jin	Taiyuan	咱們, 咱
Min Bei	Jian'ou	俺伙人, 俺人
Min Dong	Fuzhou	儂家各儂, 儂家, 儂家儂
Min Nan	Xiamen	咱, 咱人
	Quanzhou	咱, 咱人
	Zhangzhou	咱, 咱人
	Taipei	咱
	Penang	咱, 咱人
	Philippines (Manila)	咱
	Chaozhou	咱
Wu	Shanghai	阿拉 †, 我伲 †, 伲 †
	Suzhou	伲 †
	Wenzhou	卬你, 卬你倈
Xiang	Changsha	我們 †
Xiang	Shuangfeng	我哩 †, 卬哩 †
Note	† - no distinction of clusivity

Etymology 2

Fusion of 早晚 (zǎowǎn).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zan (zan⁵)

(Zhuyin): ˙ㄗㄢ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: zan
  - Zhuyin: ˙ㄗㄢ
  - Wade–Giles: tsan⁵
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .tzan
  - IPA ^(key): /d͡z̥än/

Definitions

咱

(dialectal, in compounds) time
這咱 / 这咱 ― zhèzan ― now

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		咱
variant forms		俺㑑玌

From 儂／侬 (lâng, “person; I, me”) + elision of 儂／侬. Compare 阮 (gún, goán, “we, us (exclusive)”), 恁 (lín, “you (plural)”), 𪜶 (in, “they, them”).

Pronunciation

Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lán

(Teochew, Peng'im): nang²

Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lán
  - Tâi-lô: lán
  - Phofsit Daibuun: larn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lan⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lan⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lan⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lan⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lan⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: nang²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: náng
  - IPA ^(key): /naŋ⁵²/

Definitions

咱

(Min Nan)

(inclusive) we; us
(polite) you
(inclusive) our

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 咱們 (“we; us (inclusive)”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		咱們, 你我
Mandarin	Beijing	咱們, 咱
	Taiwan	咱們, 咱
	Jinan	咱們, 咱, 咱這伙
	Xi'an	咱
	Wuhan	我們 †
	Chengdu	我們 †
	Yangzhou	我們 †
	Hefei	我們 †
Cantonese	Guangzhou	我哋 †
	Hong Kong	我哋 †
	Taishan	我 †
	Yangjiang	偔 †
Gan	Nanchang	我個裡 †, 我們 †
Hakka	Meixian	𠊎等人 †, 𠊎等 †, 齊儕
	Xingning	𠊎齊家
	Huidong (Daling)	𠊎俚
	Qujiang	𠊎俚
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	𠊎俚
	Changting	𠊎等人
	Pingyu	𠊎等人 †, 𠊎兜 †
	Wuping	𠊎嫩人 †
	Liancheng	𠊎大沙
	Ninghua	𠊎人 †
	Yudu	𠊎尼
	Ruijin	𠊎班
	Shicheng	𠊎人
	Shangyou	𠊎子人 †
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	𫣆兜, 𫣆這兜, 𫣆俚, 𫣆
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	𠊎等 †, 𠊎等人 †
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	𫣆俚, 吾俚, 𠊎俚, 𫣆兜, 𫣆這兜, 𫣆
	Dongshi (Dabu)	𫣆等, 𫣆這兜, 𫣆
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	𫣆兜, 𫣆這兜, 𫣆俚
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	𫣆人, 𫣆
Jin	Taiyuan	咱們, 咱
Min Bei	Jian'ou	俺伙人, 俺人
Min Dong	Fuzhou	儂家各儂, 儂家, 儂家儂
Min Nan	Xiamen	咱, 咱人
	Quanzhou	咱, 咱人
	Zhangzhou	咱, 咱人
	Taipei	咱
	Penang	咱, 咱人
	Philippines (Manila)	咱
	Chaozhou	咱
Wu	Shanghai	阿拉 †, 我伲 †, 伲 †
	Suzhou	伲 †
	Wenzhou	卬你, 卬你倈
Xiang	Changsha	我們 †
Xiang	Shuangfeng	我哩 †, 卬哩 †
Note	† - no distinction of clusivity

Etymology 4

simp. and trad.		咱

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zá (za²)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄚˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: zá
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄚˊ
  - Wade–Giles: tsa²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzar
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sä³⁵/

Definitions

咱

^† Sentence-final modal particle for the imperative mood, similar to 吧 (ba).
^† Sentence-final modal particle for the declarative mood.

Etymology 5

simp. and trad.		咱

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zǎ (za³)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄚˇ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: zǎ
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄚˇ
  - Wade–Giles: tsa³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaa
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sä²¹⁴/

Definitions

咱

^† Alternative form of 咋 (zǎ, “how”).

Compounds

不咱
俺咱
呋咱 (fūzán)
咱個／咱个
咱們／咱们 (zánmen)

咱各
咱家
咱彼各
咱每

我咱
這咱／这咱
那咱
那咱晚

References

“Entry #4792”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
“臺灣閩南語按呢寫 (Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí Án-ne Siá) #325”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan], Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Kanji

咱

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: さち (sachi); しゃ (sha)
Kan-on: さつ (satsu); さ (sa)
Kun: われ (ware, 咱)

Korean

Hanja

咱 • (chal, cha) (hangeul 찰, 차, revised chal, cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'al, ch'a)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

咱 (cha, gia, ta, thánh, thính)

Hán tự form of ta (“I; me; we; us”).

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Standard Chinese personal pronouns
Person		Singular	Plural
1st	—	我 (wǒ)	我們／我们 (wǒmen)
1st	inclusive	我 (wǒ)	咱們／咱们 (zánmen)
2nd	male/indefinite	你 (nǐ)	你們／你们 (nǐmen)
	female	妳／你 (nǐ)	妳們／你们 (nǐmen)
	deity	祢 (nǐ)	祢們／祢们 (nǐmen)
	polite	您 (nín)	你們／你们 (nǐmen) 您們／您们 (nínmen)
3rd	male/indefinite	他 (tā)	他們／他们 (tāmen)
	female	她 (tā)	她們／她们 (tāmen)
	deity	祂 (tā)	祂們／祂们 (tāmen)
	animal	牠／它 (tā)	牠們／它们 (tāmen)
	inanimate	它 (tā)	它們／它们 (tāmen)