See also:
U+6041, 恁
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6041

[U+6040]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6042]

Translingual

Han character

(radical 61, +6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人土心 (OGP), four-corner 22331, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 383, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10518
  • Dae Jaweon: page 713, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2291, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+6041

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*nɯm, *njɯm, *njɯms
*nɯm, *njɯm, *njɯms
*nɯmʔ
*nɯms
*njɯm, *njɯms
*l̥ʰeːŋʔ, *njɯm
*njɯm, *njɯmʔ
*njɯm, *njɯmʔ
*njɯmʔ
*njɯmʔ
*njɯmʔ
*njɯmʔ
*njɯmʔ
*njɯms
*njɯms

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *njɯm, *njɯmʔ) : phonetic  (OC *njɯm, *njɯms) + semantic  (heart).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
variant forms
𢗖
“to think”
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-njam (to think). Cognate with (OC *nɯːms, “to think”). See there for more.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (38) (38)
Final () (139) (139)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ȵiɪm/ /ȵiɪmX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ȵim/ /ȵimX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȵʑjem/ /ȵʑjemX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ȵim/ /ȵimX/
Li
Rong
/ȵiəm/ /ȵiəmX/
Wang
Li
/ȵʑĭĕm/ /ȵʑĭĕmX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ȵʑi̯əm/ /ȵʑi̯əmX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
rén rěn
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
rèn
Middle
Chinese
‹ nyimX ›
Old
Chinese
/*n[ə]mʔ/
English think

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 10812 10817
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*njɯm/ /*njɯmʔ/

Definitions

  1. to think of; to reminisce
  2. to allow
    Synonyms: 任憑任凭 (rènpíng)
  3. honest
  4. weak

Compounds

  • 恁憑恁凭
  • 恁約恁约

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
variant forms Hakka
Hakka

Pronunciation


Note:
  • jam6 - original reading;
  • jam5 - vernacular reading.

Definitions

  1. (literary or dialectal) so
  2. (literary or dialectal) this; that
  3. (literary or dialectal) how
  4. (literary or dialectal) what
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 這麼 (“so; such (modifies adj.)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 如此
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 這麼
Mandarin Beijing 這麼
Taiwan 這麼
Harbin 這麼
Jinan 這麼
Muping 這麼
Luoyang
Wanrong 這麼
Xi'an 這們,
Xining 這們
Xuzhou 恁麼
Yinchuan 這麼
Lanzhou 這們
Ürümqi 這麼
Wuhan 這麼, 這樣, 這個樣子
Chengdu 這們, 這麼
Guiyang 仲個
Guilin 這樣
Liuzhou ,
Yangzhou 這們
Nanjing 這麼, 這樣子
Nantong 格麼
Malaysia 這樣
Singapore 這樣
Cantonese Guangzhou
Hong Kong
Foshan
Taishan
Dongguan 呢咁,
Yunfu
Yangjiang 果樣,
Xinyi
Nanning
Wuzhou
Yulin
Hepu
Kuala Lumpur
Gan Nanchang
Lichuan 該樣
Pingxiang , 箇史
Hakka Meixian
Xingning ,
Huidong ,
Qujiang
Xiaosanjiang
Luchuan
Changting
Pingyu
Wuping
Liancheng
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
Liudui (S. Sixian)
Hsinchu (Hailu)
Dongshi (Dabu)
Hsinchu (Raoping)
Yunlin (Zhao'an)
Senai
Huizhou Jixi 爾的
Jin Taiyuan 這來
Xinzhou 這啦, 這麼, 這來
Min Dong Fuzhou 只滿,
Min Nan Xiamen , 遮爾, 遮爾仔
Quanzhou , 拙幹
Zhangzhou 遮爾, 遮爾仔
Taipei , 遮爾, 遮爾仔
Chaozhou , 照生
Johor Bahru
Haikou ,
Leizhou
Pinghua Nanning
Wu Shanghai 搿能, 搿能介, 搿個能, , 實能 dated, 實個能 dated
Suzhou 該實梗, 該尚, 哀實梗, 哀尚, 實梗,
Hangzhou 價套, , 實價套, 實價
Wenzhou 該恁,
Chongming
Danyang
Jinhua , 格生, 格亨,
Tangxi 絞麼
Ningbo
Xiang Changsha 咯樣
Quanzhou 這麼

Compounds

  • 不恁麼不恁么
  • 忒恁
  • 恁人
  • 恁地
  • 恁廝恁厮
  • 恁時恁时
  • 恁樣恁样
  • 恁的
  • 恁等
  • 恁般
  • 恁麼恁么
  • 直恁

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.
variant forms

Allegedly a contraction of 汝儂汝侬 (lí-nâng, “you people”). See (“person; pronoun suffix”) for more.

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. (Min Nan) you (plural)
    食飽未 / 食饱未 [Min Nan]   Lín chia̍h-pá--bōe? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]   Have y'all eaten?
  2. (Min Nan) your (singular or plural)
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 你們 (“you (plural)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese , 爾等, 汝輩, 爾曹, 汝曹, 若屬
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 你們
Mandarin Beijing 你們
Taiwan 你們
Tianjin 你們
Harbin 你們
Shenyang 你們
Hailar 你們
Ulan Hot 你們
Tongliao 你們
Chifeng 你們
Bayanhot 你們
Jinan 你們, 你這伙
Muping
Luoyang 你們, 你家們
Wanrong 你底,
Xi'an 你的, , 你們
Qingdao
Zhengzhou
Xining 你們
Xuzhou , 你們
Yinchuan 你們
Lanzhou 你們
Ürümqi 你們
Wuhan 你們, 你家們
Huanggang 你家兒
Chengdu 你們
Guiyang 你們
Guilin 你們
Liuzhou 你們
Kunming 你們
Yangzhou 你們
Nanjing 你們
Hefei 你們
Nantong 你恁
Malaysia 你們
Singapore 你們
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 你們
Cantonese Guangzhou 你哋
Hong Kong 你哋
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 你人, 你哋
Foshan 你哋
Shunde 你哋
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 你哋
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 你哋
Doumen
Taishan
Kaiping (Chikan)
Dongguan 你哋
Shaoguan 你哋
Yunfu 你哋
Yangjiang
Xinyi 你哋
Lianjiang 你哋
Nanning 你哋
Wuzhou 你哋
Yulin 你人
Hepu 你嘅
Kuala Lumpur 你哋
Ho Chi Minh City 你哋
Gan Nanchang 你們, 你個裡
Lichuan 汝多
Pingxiang 你俚, 恨俚
Hakka Meixian 你等人, 你兜人
Xingning 你兜人
Huidong 若兜人
Qujiang 你俚
Luchuan 你們
Changting 你儕們
Pingyu 你兜, 你等人
Wuping 你等人
Liancheng 你塔沙
Ninghua 你等人
Yudu 你底, 你支人
Ruijin 你班人, 你班
Shicheng 你當人, 你當
Shangyou 你支人, 你等
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 你兜, 你兜人, 你兜儕, 你這兜
Liudui (S. Sixian) 你等, 你等人, 你等儕, 你這兜, 你等這兜
Hsinchu (Hailu) 你兜, 你兜人, 你兜儕, 你這兜
Dongshi (Dabu) 若等, 若這兜, 若這兜人
Hsinchu (Raoping) 你兜, 你兜人, 你兜儕, 你這兜
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 你人, 你這兜
Hong Kong 若兜
Senai 若兜
Sabah (Longchuan) 若兜, 你兜
Singkawang 你兜儕
Huizhou Jixi 爾人
Shexian 爾人
Tunxi 爾人
Xiuning 爾人
Yixian 爾儂
Qimen 爾大家
Wuyuan 爾骯
Dexing 爾們
Jingde 爾伲
Xianyu (formerly Zhanda) 你些人
Jin Taiyuan 你們
Pingyao , 年們家, 年們
Xinzhou 𪡇們, 𪡇
Baochang 你們
Jining 你們
Hohhot 你們
Baotou 你們
Dongsheng 你們
Linhe 你們
Haibowan 你們
Min Bei Jian'ou 你伙人, 你人
Dikou 你人
Songxi 你叢人
Zhenghe 你人
Zhenqian 汝人
Jianyang 你伙人
Wuyishan 你伙人
Shibei 你人, 你多人
Min Dong Fuzhou 汝各儂, 汝儂
Fuqing 汝各儂
Yongtai 汝各儂
Gutian 汝各儂
Fu'an 汝儕
Ningde 汝各儂
Shouning 汝儕家儂
Zhouning 汝儕
Fuding 汝儂
Matsu 汝各儂
Min Nan Xiamen
Tong'an
Quanzhou
Jinjiang
Nan'an
Hui'an
Anxi
Yongchun
Dehua
Zhangzhou
Longhai
Changtai
Hua'an
Nanjing
Pinghe
Zhangpu
Yunxiao
Zhao'an
Taipei
Kaohsiung
Tainan
Taichung
Wuqi
Hsinchu
Taitung 恁逐家
Lukang
Sanxia
Yilan
Kinmen
Magong
Penang 汝儂
Singapore 汝儂
Longyan 汝儂
Zhangping 汝儂
Zhangping (Yongfu) 汝儂
Datian 汝伙
Pingnan 恁儂
Chaozhou
Shantou
Haifeng , 恁儂
Johor Bahru
Wenchang 汝儂
Haikou 汝儂
Leizhou 汝儂
Puxian Min Putian 汝輩
Xianyou
Pinghua Nanning 你哋
Guilin 你哋
Shehua Fu'an 你人
Fuding 你人
Luoyuan 你人
Sanming 你仔
Cangnan 你人
Wu Shanghai
Suzhou 你篤
Wuxi 你哩
Hangzhou 你們
Wenzhou 你倈
Chongming 你𭉪, 你勒
Danyang 你己
Jinhua , 儂浪, 爾浪
Tangxi 爾道
Ningbo 爾㑚, 㑚拉,
Xiang Changsha 你們, 你屋裡
Shuangfeng 你哩
Xiangtan 你人
Loudi 你㑲
Quanzhou 你們,

Compounds

  • 恁兜
  • 恁厝
  • 恁娘
  • 恁嬭
  • 恁母

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“(Mandarin, polite form) you”).
(This character, , is a variant form of .)

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“to cook thoroughly”).
(This character, , is recorded in one or more historical dictionaries as an ancient form of .)

Etymology 6

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“(Cantonese) to think; to consider”).
(This character, , is a variant form of .)

References


Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Alternative forms


Korean

Hanja

(im) (hangeul , revised im, McCuneReischauer im, Yale im)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(nhắm, nhẩm, nhậm, nhẫm)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.