樂
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Translingual
| Traditional | 樂 |
|---|---|
| Shinjitai | 楽 |
| Simplified | 乐 |
Alternative forms
- In mainland China (for its traditional form based on Xin Zixing 新字形), Japanese kanji, Korean hanja and Vietnamese Nôm, the bottom component is written 木, which is the historical form found in the Kangxi dictionary.
- In Taiwan and Hong Kong (based on the Big5 encoding standard), the bottom component is written 𣎳 instead.
- Three CJK compatibility ideographs exist at
U+F914,U+F95CandU+F9BF. All three forms are the same as the form used in Korean hanja.
Han character
樂 (radical 75, 木+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 女戈木 (VID), four-corner 22904, composition ⿱⿲幺白幺木(GHJKV) or ⿱⿲幺白幺⿻十八(T))
Derived characters
Related characters
- 楽 (Japanese shinjitai)
- 乐 (Simplified Chinese)
References
- KangXi: page 548, character 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15399
- Dae Jaweon: page 936, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1280, character 16
- Unihan data for U+6A02
Chinese
| trad. | 樂 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 乐 | |
| variant forms | 楽 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 樂 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (樂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 樂 | *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ |
| 轢 | *raːd, *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ |
| 濼 | *pqʰlaːwɢ, *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ, *pqʰloːwɢ, *roːwɢ, *roːwɢ |
| 躒 | *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ |
| 擽 | *rawɢ, *reːwɢ |
| 爍 | *qʰljawɢ |
| 鑠 | *qʰljawɢ |
| 藥 | *lawɢ |
| 櫟 | *lawɢ, *reːwɢ |
| 纅 | *lawɢ |
| 礫 | *reːwɢ |
| 瓅 | *reːwɢ |
| 皪 | *reːwɢ |
| 觻 | *reːwɢ, *roːwɢ |
| 嚛 | *qʰloːwɢ, *qʰloːwɢ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 糸 (“string”) + 木 (“wood”) – strings on a piece of wood, i.e. a wooden musical instrument.
The oracle bone form shows two strings connected to the wood. In the bronze inscriptions, a 白 (OC *braːɡ) component was added in between the two strings, which may either represent the thumb (fiddling) or a phonetic part.
Etymology
- “music; joyful”
- The etymological relationship between “music” and “joy” has been discussed in Wulff (1935) and Unger (1983). Unger draws comparison with the following semantic parallelism in Tibetan: རོལ་མོ (rol mo, “music”) and རོལ (rol, “to enjoy; to amuse oneself; to play”).
- Also comparable is Middle Khmer leṅa (“to play”) and bhleṅa (“(playing) music”), whence Thai เล่น (lên, “to play”) and เพลง (pleeng, “music”).
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
樂
Compounds
Derived terms from 樂
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Pronunciation 2
Definitions
樂
Compounds
Derived terms from 樂
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Pronunciation 3
Compounds
Derived terms from 樂
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Pronunciation 4
Definitions
樂
- Used in place names.
Pronunciation 5
| For pronunciation and definitions of 樂 – see 療 (“to treat; to cure; to heal; therapy; treatment”). (This character, 樂, is a variant form of 療.) |
Pronunciation 6
Definitions
樂
- Used in compounds.
Japanese
| 楽 | |
| 樂 |
Readings
From Middle Chinese 樂 (MC ŋˠauH):
- Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)←げう (geu, historical)
- Kan-on: ごう (gō)←がう (gau, historical)
- Kun: このむ (konomu, 樂む)
From Middle Chinese 樂 (MC ŋˠʌk̚, “music, singing”):
From Middle Chinese 樂 (MC lɑk̚, “comfort, ease”):
- Go-on: らく (raku)
- Kan-on: らく (raku)
- Kan’yō-on: ろう (rō)←らう (rau, historical)
- Kun: たのしい (tanoshii, 樂しい); たのしみ (tanoshimi, 樂); たのしむ (tanoshimu, 樂しむ)
- Nanori: ささ (sasa); もと (moto); よし (yoshi)
Korean
Vietnamese
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