-nek
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [nɛk]
Etymology 1
See -nak.
Suffix
-nek
- (case suffix) to, for. Used to form the dative case.
- gyerek (“child”) → Vettem egy játékot a gyereknek. - I bought a toy for the child.
- (case suffix) 's, of. Used to form the possessive case. Often omitted if the possession is not the predicate of the sentence.
- as, for (in the function or role specified)
- Used to devalue the predicate of the sentence when repeated and followed by a clause that contrasts with or contradicts it. See also -ni.
For more usage examples, see -nak.
Usage notes
Hungarian case suffixes
| Case | Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú |
Front vowel | |
|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded e, é, i, í |
rounded ö, ő, ü, ű | ||
| nominative | — | ||
| accusative | -t | ||
| -ot / -at | -et | -öt | |
| dative | -nak | -nek | |
| instrumental | -val | -vel | |
| causal-final | -ért | ||
| translative | -vá | -vé | |
| terminative | -ig | ||
| essive-formal | -ként | ||
| essive-modal | -ul | -ül | |
| inessive | -ban | -ben | |
| superessive | -n | ||
| -on | -en | -ön | |
| adessive | -nál | -nél | |
| illative | -ba | -be | |
| sublative | -ra | -re | |
| allative | -hoz | -hez | -höz |
| elative | -ból | -ből | |
| delative | -ról | -ről | |
| ablative | -tól | -től | |
| Note for all endings: Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként. alma - almában, but almaként zene - zenében, but zeneként | |||
See also
Etymology 2
See -nak.
Suffix
-nek
Usage notes
Present tense indefinite - personal endings
| Person | Back vowel | Front vowel | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||
| én | 1st person singular | -ok | -ek | -ök |
| -ik verbs (optional) | -om | -em | -öm | |
| te | 2nd person singular | -sz | ||
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -asz | -esz | ||
| after s, sz, z, dz | -ol | -el | -öl | |
| ő maga ön |
3rd person singular | – | ||
| -ik verbs | -ik | |||
| mi | 1st person plural | -unk | -ünk | |
| ti | 2nd person plural | -tok | -tek | -tök |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -otok | -etek | -ötök | |
| ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural | -nak | -nek | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anak | -enek | ||
- (personal suffix) Harmonic variants:
- -nak is added to back vowel verbs
- tanul (“study”) → A gyerekek nem tanulnak eleget. - The children are not studying enough.
- -nek is added to front vowel verbs
- énekel (“sing”) → A madarak énekelnek. - The birds are singing.
- -anak is added to front vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
- tanít (“teach”) → Mire tanítanak minket az állatok? - What do animals teach us?
- -enek is added to front vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
- fest (“paint”) → A gyerekek festenek. - The children are painting.
- -nak is added to back vowel verbs
See also
- Category:Hungarian words taking -nak/-nek
- Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
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