Dipropylcyclopentylxanthine

8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX, PD-116,948) is a drug which acts as a potent and selective antagonist for the adenosine A1 receptor.[1][2] It has high selectivity for A1 over other adenosine receptor subtypes, but as with other xanthine derivatives DPCPX also acts as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and is almost as potent as rolipram at inhibiting PDE4.[3] It has been used to study the function of the adenosine A1 receptor in animals,[4][5] which has been found to be involved in several important functions such as regulation of breathing[6] and activity in various regions of the brain,[7][8] and DPCPX has also been shown to produce behavioural effects such as increasing the hallucinogen-appropriate responding produced by the 5-HT2A agonist DOI,[9] and the dopamine release induced by MDMA,[10] as well as having interactions with a range of anticonvulsant drugs.[11][12]

Dipropylcyclopentylxanthine
Clinical data
ATC code
  • None
Legal status
Legal status
  • In general: uncontrolled
Identifiers
IUPAC name
  • 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.162.425
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC16H24N4O2
Molar mass304.394 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Melting point191 to 194 °C (376 to 381 °F)
SMILES
  • CCCn3c(=O)c2nc(C1CCCC1)[nH]c2n(CCC)c3=O
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C16H24N4O2/c1-3-9-19-14-12(15(21)20(10-4-2)16(19)22)17-13(18-14)11-7-5-6-8-11/h11H,3-10H2,1-2H3,(H,17,18) Y
  • Key:FFBDFADSZUINTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
 NY (what is this?)  (verify)

See also

References
  1. Martinson EA, Johnson RA, Wells JN (March 1987). "Potent adenosine receptor antagonists that are selective for the A1 receptor subtype". Molecular Pharmacology. 31 (3): 247–52. PMID 3561384.
  2. Lohse MJ, Klotz KN, Lindenborn-Fotinos J, Reddington M, Schwabe U, Olsson RA (August 1987). "8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX)--a selective high affinity antagonist radioligand for A1 adenosine receptors". Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. 336 (2): 204–10. doi:10.1007/BF00165806. PMID 2825043. S2CID 20549217.
  3. Ukena D, Schudt C, Sybrecht GW (February 1993). "Adenosine receptor-blocking xanthines as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase isozymes". Biochemical Pharmacology. 45 (4): 847–51. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(93)90168-V. PMID 7680859.
  4. Coates J, Sheehan MJ, Strong P (May 1994). "1,3-Dipropyl-8-cyclopentyl xanthine (DPCPX): a useful tool for pharmacologists and physiologists?". General Pharmacology. 25 (3): 387–94. doi:10.1016/0306-3623(94)90185-6. PMID 7926579.
  5. Moro S, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA, Spalluto G (March 2006). "Progress in the pursuit of therapeutic adenosine receptor antagonists". Medicinal Research Reviews. 26 (2): 131–59. doi:10.1002/med.20048. PMID 16380972. S2CID 13758102.
  6. Vandam RJ, Shields EJ, Kelty JD (2008). "Rhythm generation by the pre-Bötzinger complex in medullary slice and island preparations: effects of adenosine A(1) receptor activation". BMC Neuroscience. 9: 95. doi:10.1186/1471-2202-9-95. PMC 2567986. PMID 18826652.
  7. Migita H, Kominami K, Higashida M, Maruyama R, Tuchida N, McDonald F, Shimada F, Sakurada K (October 2008). "Activation of adenosine A1 receptor-induced neural stem cell proliferation via MEK/ERK and Akt signaling pathways". Journal of Neuroscience Research. 86 (13): 2820–8. doi:10.1002/jnr.21742. PMID 18618669. S2CID 10240804.
  8. Wu C, Wong T, Wu X, Sheppy E, Zhang L (February 2009). "Adenosine as an endogenous regulating factor of hippocampal sharp waves". Hippocampus. 19 (2): 205–20. doi:10.1002/hipo.20497. PMID 18785213. S2CID 2124092.
  9. Marek GJ (March 2009). "Activation of adenosine(1) (A(1)) receptors suppresses head shakes induced by a serotonergic hallucinogen in rats". Neuropharmacology. 56 (8): 1082–7. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.03.005. PMC 2706691. PMID 19324062.
  10. Vanattou-Saïfoudine N, Gossen A, Harkin A (January 2011). "A role for adenosine A(1) receptor blockade in the ability of caffeine to promote MDMA "Ecstasy"-induced striatal dopamine release". European Journal of Pharmacology. 650 (1): 220–8. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.012. PMID 20951694.
  11. De Sarro G, Donato Di Paola E, Falconi U, Ferreri G, De Sarro A (December 1996). "Repeated treatment with adenosine A1 receptor agonist and antagonist modifies the anticonvulsant properties of CPPene". European Journal of Pharmacology. 317 (2–3): 239–45. doi:10.1016/S0014-2999(96)00746-7. PMID 8997606.
  12. Chwalczuk K, Rubaj A, Swiader M, Czuczwar SJ (2008). "[Influence of the antagonist of adenosine A1 receptors, 8-cyclopentyl-1 ,3-dipropylxanthine, upon the anticonvulsant activity of antiepileptic drugs in mice]". Przegla̧d Lekarski (in Polish). 65 (11): 759–63. PMID 19205356.
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