1300s (decade)

The 1300s was a decade of the Julian Calendar that began on 1 January 1300 and ended on 31 December 1309.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
Categories:
  • Births
  • Deaths
  • By country
  • By topic
  • Establishments
  • Disestablishments

Events

1300

By place

Europe
  • Spring – Bohemian forces under Wenceslaus II of the Czech House of Přemyslid, seize Pomerania and Greater Poland (Wielkopolska). The 28-year-old Wenceslaus already rules Lesser Poland (Małopolska) since 1291, and forced a number of Silesian princes to swear allegiance to him. He is crowned as king and reunites the Polish territories. During his reign, Wenceslaus also introduces a number of laws and reforms, the most important being the creation of a new type of official known as a starosta (or Elder), who rules a small territory as the king's direct representative.[1][2]
  • Franco–Flemish War: King Philip IV (the Fair) begins to invade Flanders again after the expiration of an armistice in January. French forces plunder and devastate the countryside around Ypres. The king's brother, Charles of Valois, marches from Bruges to the outskirts of Ghent. He burns Nevele and twelve other towns. In March, French forces besiege Damme and Ypres. At the end of April, Damme, Aardenburg and Sluis surrender. By mid-May, the whole of Flanders is under French control, and several Flemish nobles (like Guy of Namur) are taken into captivity in France.[3]
England
  • July – King Edward I (Longshanks) starts another Scottish campaign and marches north with his army, accompanied by several knights of Brittany and Lorraine. After a short siege lasting only 5 days, Caerlaverock Castle is captured. The 16-year-old Prince Edward of Caernarfon is appointed to take command of the rearguard of the English army but part from a small skirmish, he sees no action.[4]
  • Summer – Edward I (Longshanks) invades Galloway and confronts a Scottish army under John Comyn III (the Red) on the River Cree. During the battle, the Scottish cavalry is again defeated. Edward is unable to pursue the fugitives into the wild country, where they flee and take refuge. John escapes with his life and begins to raid the English countryside in smaller groups.[5]
  • August – Pope Boniface VIII sends a letter to Edward I (Longshanks) demanding that he should withdraw from Scotland. Edward ignores the letter, but because the campaign is not a success, the English forces begin on their home journey. Edward arranges a truce with the Scots on October 30 and returns home.
Oasisamerica

By topic
Cities and Towns
  • June 15 – Diego López V de Haro, Spanish nobleman and Lord of Biscay, founds the city of Bilbao through a municipal charter in Valladolid.
Religion
  • February 22 – The Jubilee of Boniface VIII is celebrated. It is at this celebration that Giovanni Villani decides to write his universal history of Florence, called the Nuova Cronica ("New Chronicles").
  • June 17 – Turku Cathedral is consecrated by Bishop Magnus I at Turku. During his reign, he helps to complete the Christianization in Finland.[7]
  • July 18 – Gerard Segarelli, Italian founder of the Apostolic Brethren, is burn at the stake in Parma during a brutal repression of the Apostolics.

1301

By place
Europe
  • January 14 – With the death of King Andrew III (the Venetian) (probably poisoned), the Árpád Dynasty in Hungary ends. This results in a power struggle between Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, Otto III of Bavaria, and Charles Robert of Naples. Eventually, Wenceslaus is elected and crowned as king of Hungary and Croatia. His rule is only nominal, because a dozen powerful Hungarian nobles hold sway over large territories in the kingdom.[8]
  • November 1 – Charles of Valois, son of the late King Philip III (the Bold), is summoned to Italy by Pope Boniface VIII to restore peace between the Guelphs and Ghibellines. He enters Florence, and allows the Black (Neri) Guelphs to return to the city. Charles installs a new government under Cante dei Gabrielli as Chief Magistrate (podestà), leading to the permanent exile of Dante Alighieri, Italian poet and philosopher, from the city.[9]
England
  • February 7 – The 16-year-old Prince Edward of Caernarfon, son and heir of King Edward I (Longshanks), becomes the first Prince of Wales and is also granted the royal lands in Wales.
  • July – First War of Scottish Independence: Edward I (Longshanks) launches his sixth campaign into Scotland. During the campaign, English forces capture Turnberry Castle in Carrick.
Middle East
  • Spring – Sultan Osman I (or Othman) calls for a military campaign to strike deep into Byzantine Bithynia. During the campaign, Ottoman forces capture the towns of İnegöl and Yenişehir. The later town will be transformed into a capital city, as Osman moves his administration and personal household within its walls. By the end of the year, Ottoman forces begin blockading the major Byzantine city of Nicaea.[10]
Asia
  • March 2 – Emperor Go-Fushimi abdicates the throne after a 2½-year reign. He is succeeded by his 15-year-old cousin, Go-Nijō, as the 94th emperor of Japan (until 1308).
  • July 10 – Indian forces under Sultan Alauddin Khalji capture Ranthambore Fortress. During the siege, General Nusrat Khan Jalesari is hit and killed by a manjaniq stone.[11]

By topic
Religion
  • December – Boniface VIII issues papal bulls accusing King Philip IV (the Fair) of misgovernment.

1302

By place
Byzantine Empire
  • Spring – Co-Emperor Michael IX (Palaiologos) launches a campaign which reaches south up to Magnesia on the Maeander (near Ephesus). He seeks to confront the Turkish forces, but is dissuaded by his generals. In the meantime, the Turks resume their raids, isolating Michael at Magnesia. His army is dissolved without a battle, as the local forces are left behind to defend their homes. The Alans (Byzantine mercenaries) too leave, to rejoin their families in Thrace. Michael is forced to withdraw by the sea, followed by another wave of refugees.[12]
  • July 27 – Battle of Bapheus: To counter the Turkish threat at Nicomedia, Emperor Andronikos II (Palaiologos) sends a Byzantine force (some 2,000 men) to cross over the Bosporus to relieve the city. On the plain, Turkish forces (some 5,000 light cavalry) led by Sultan Osman I (or Othman) defeat the Byzantines, who are forced to withdraw to Nicomedia. After the battle, Andronikos loses control of the countryside of Bithynia, withdrawing to the forts. Meanwhile, Turkish forces capture Byzantine settlements, such as the coastal city of Gemlik.[13][14]
  • October 4 – Andronikos II (Palaiologos) signs a peace treaty with the Republic of Venice, ending the Byzantine–Venetian War. The Venetians return most of their conquests – but keep the islands of Kea, Santorini, Serifos and Amorgos – which are retained by the privateers who have captured them. Andronikos agrees to repay the Venetians for their losses sustained during the massacre of Venetian residents (see 1296).[15]
Europe
  • April 8 – Sultan Muhammad II dies after a 29-year reign and is succeeded by his son Muhammad III as ruler of Granada. Within two weeks of his accession, he sends a Nasrid army under Hammu ibn Abd al-Haqq to seize Bedmar and other neighboring strongholds from Castile. Nasrid forces also attack Jódar, northeast of Bedmar, and recapture Quesada. Meanwhile, Muhammad contains friendly relations with King James II (the Just).[16]
  • April 10 – The first meeting of the Estates General in France is convened King Philip IV (the Fair) at the Notre-Dame in Paris. During the assembly, all three classes – the French nobles, clergy, and commons – discuss the conflict between Philip and Pope Boniface VIII about the papal legate, Bernard Saisset – who is accused to raise a rebellion of Occitan independence, associated with Navarre, under the banner of the County of Foix.[17]
  • May 18 – Bruges Matins: The French garrison in Bruges is massacred at night, by members of the local Flemish militia. The revolt is instigated by Pieter de Coninck and Jan Breydel. Approximately 2,000 soldiers are killed, Jacques de Châtillon, governor of Flanders, escapes disguised as a priest with a handful of soldiers. He arrives in Paris to bring the news of the massacre to Philip IV (the Fair), who sends an army to capture the city.[18]
  • July 11 – Battle of the Golden Spurs: Flemish forces led by William of Jülich (the Younger) and Pieter de Coninck defeat the French army (some 9,000 men) at Kortrijk in Flanders. The cavalry charges of the French prove unable to defeat the untrained Flemish infantry militia, consisting mainly of members of the craft guilds. Many French nobles (some 500 knights) are killed, like the commander Robert II of Artois, and forced to retreat.[19]
  • August 31 – Treaty of Caltabellotta: King Charles II (the Lame) makes peace with Frederick III, ending the War of the Sicilian Vespers. The Kingdom of Sicily will pass to Angevin rule on Frederick's death, in return Charles pays a tribute of some 100,000 ounces of gold. Frederick hands over all his possessions in Calabria and releases Charles' son Philip I, prince of Taranto, from his prison in Cefalù.[20]
  • September – Roger de Flor, Italian military adventurer and knight (condottiere), founds the Catalan Company, with soldiers (Almogavars) jobless after the Treaty of Caltabellotta.
England
  • Spring – King Edward I (Longshanks) and the Scottish nobles led by Robert the Bruce sign a peace treaty for 9 months. John Segrave is appointed to the custody of Berwick Castle, leaving him in charge with an English force of some 20,000 men. Robert, along with other nobles, gives his allegiance to Edward.[21]
  • March – Robert the Bruce marries the 18-year-old Elizabeth de Burgh at Writtle in Essex. She is the daughter of Richard Óg de Burgh (the Red Earl), a powerful Irish nobleman and close friend of Edward I (Longshanks).
Levant
  • Autumn – Fall of Ruad: Sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad sends an Egyptian fleet (some 20 galleys) to Tripoli, where Mamluk forces are disembarked to siege and blockade the island of Ruad. A Crusader garrison (some 1,000 men) defend the fortress of Ruad and after a short siege the Knights Templar surrender on September 26. Grand Master Barthélemy de Quincy, all the Templar archers and Syrian Christian troops are executed.[22]

By topic
Cities and Towns
  • June 12 – The city of Rakvere in Estonia receives Lübeck trade rights.
Religion
  • November 18 – Boniface VIII issues the papal bull Unam sanctam, which asserts the superiority of the papacy's spiritual power over secular rulers.[23]
  • The Temple of Confucius is erected in Beijing during the reign of Emperor Temür Khan (or Chengzong) of the Chinese Yuan Dynasty.

1303

By place
Byzantine Empire
  • September – Emperor Andronikos II (Palaiologos) facing a possible siege of Constantinople by Ottoman-Turkish forces, seeks support from the European kingdoms. He makes Roger de Flor, Italian military adventurer and nobleman, an offer of service. Roger with his fleet and army (some 7,000 men), now known as the Catalan Company, departs from Messina with 36 ships (including 18 galleys), and arrives in Constantinople. He is adopted into the imperial family, Andronikos appoints him as grand duke (megas doux) and commander-in-chief of the Byzantine army and fleet.[24]
  • Autumn – Battle of Dimbos: The Byzantine governors (tekfurs) of Prusa, Adranos, Kestel, and Ulubat begin a military campaign against the Ottoman-Turkish forces of Sultan Osman I (or Othman). They attack the Ottoman capital city of Yenişehir and proceed to relieve Nicaea, which is under an Ottoman blockade. Osman musters a 5,000-strong army and defeats the Byzantine forces at a mountain pass near Yenişehir.[25]
Europe
  • April 4 – Battle of Arques: Flemish forces (some 10,000 men) led by William of Jülich (the Younger) defeats a French army at Arques in Flanders. During the battle, the French cavalry (1,600 men) tries to break the Flemish infantry militia formations, but to no avail. Finally, the French withdraw to Saint-Omer, leaving 300 dead behind. Later, William receives a warm reception in Bruges as a liberator in May.[26]
  • May 20 – Treaty of Paris: King Philip IV (the Fair) signs a peace treaty with Edward I (Longshanks). According to the terms of the treaty, Gascony is restored to England – as well as the cities of Bordeaux and Bayonne. In return, Edward swears allegiance to Philip as his vassal and agrees that Philipp's daughter, Isabella of France, be married to his son Edward of Caernarfon, until she is old enough.
  • August – The 17-year-old King Ferdinand IV (the summoned), supervised by his mother, Queen-Regent María de Molina, signs a peace treaty at Córdoba with Granada for three years. In return, Muhammad III renews his vassalage with Castile and pays the same tribute given as to his father, the late King Sancho IV (the Brave). The strategic port city of Tarifa remains in Castilian hands.[27]
England
  • February 24 – Battle of Roslin: Scottish forces (some 8,000 men) led by John Comyn III (the Red) and Simon Fraser ambush and defeat an English scouting party under John Segrave at Roslin. During the battle, the Scots attack the English camp, capturing Segrave and several other nobles. But a second English brigade manages to rescue Segrave in a pitched battle. Later, the English army is again defeated, according to sources they lose between 28,000 and 30,000 men.[28]
  • May – Edward I (Longshanks) resumes his campaign against the Scots and sets out from Roxburgh with a cavalry force and about 7,000 men. He orders that three pre-fabricated pontoon bridges are built and transported in a fleet of 27 ships. Edward invades Scotland and during the advance, he burns hamlets and towns, granges and granaries. Meanwhile, Richard Óg de Burgh (the Red Earl) with forces from Ireland capture the castles of Rothesay and Inverkip.[29]
  • November 9 – Edward I (Longshanks) spends the winter at Dunfermline Abbey where he plans the attack on Stirling Castle. He stations an army in the field and operations continue throughout the winter. An English force (some 1,000 men) raids and plunder into Lennox as far as Drymen. Meanwhile, Lord John Botetourt raids Galloway in strength, with four bannerets (some 3,000 men).[30]
Levant
  • April 22 – Battle of Marj al-Saffar: Mamluk forces (some 20,000 men) under Sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad defeat a Mongol army and their Armenian allies led by Ghazan Khan, on the plain of Marj al-Saffar. After the battle, Al-Nasir enters Damascus and chases the Mongols as far as Al-Qaryatayn in Syria. He returns to Cairo in triumph through the Bab al-Nasr (or Victory Gate) with chained prisoners of war.[31]
Asia
  • August 26 – Siege of Chittorgarh: Delhi forces led by Sultan Alauddin Khalji capture the massive Chittor Fort in northern India, after an 8-month-long siege. Alauddin orders a general massacre of Chittor's population.[32]
  • Mongol invasion of India: Mongol forces appear outside Delhi and begin the siege of the city. Alauddin Khalji and a Delhi vanguard army return to the capital, while the Delhi garrison resists assaults of the Mongols.[33]
  • Autumn – Mongol forces lift the siege of Delhi after two months, they retreat with great plunder and war booty. Meanwhile, Alauddin Khaliji orders to strengthen border fortresses along the Mongol routes to India.[34]

By topic
Education
  • April 20 – Pope Boniface VIII founds the University of Rome with the papal bull In Supremae praeminentia Dignitatis, as a Studium for ecclesiastical studies under his control, making it the first pontifical university.
Geology
Religion
  • September 7 – Boniface VIII is imprisoned by Guillaume de Nogaret, French councillor and advisor, on behalf of Philip IV (the Fair) at his residence in Anagni. During the incident, Gregory Bicskei, archbishop of Esztergom, is killed. Boniface is for three days held in captivity, where he is beaten, tortured and nearly executed.
  • October 11 – Boniface VIII dies after a pontificate of 8 years at Anagni. He is succeeded by Benedict XI as the 194th pope of the Catholic Church.

1304

By place
Byzantine Empire
  • Battle of Skafida: Emperor Michael IX (Palaiologos) sends a Byzantine expeditionary force (some 10,000 men) to halt the expansion of the Bulgarians in Thrace. The two armies meet near Sozopol on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. During the battle, the Bulgarian army led by Tsar Theodore Svetoslav is defeated and routed. The Byzantines, infatuated with the chase of the retreating enemy, crowd on a bridge – which possibly is sabotaged, and break down. The Bulgarians capture many Byzantine soldiers and some nobles are held for ransom. Svetoslav secures his territorial gains and stabilizes himself as the sole ruler of the Bulgarian Empire (until 1322).[36]
  • The Byzantines lose the island of Chios, in the Aegean Sea, to the Genoese under Admiral Benedetto I Zaccaria. He establishes an autonomous lordship and justifies the act to the Byzantine court as necessary to prevent the island from being captured by Turkish pirates. Benedetto is granted the island as a fief for a period of 10 years.[37][38]
  • December – Roger de Flor, Italian nobleman and adventurer, settle with the Catalan Company in Gallipoli and other towns in the southern part of Thrace and visits Constantinople to demands pay for his forces. He lives at the expense of the local population and uses the city as a base for his marauding raids in the surrounding area.[39]
Europe
  • August 8 – Treaty of Torrellas: The 18-year-old King Ferdinand IV (the summoned) signs a peace with King James II (the Just). In the terms, James agrees to restore the Kingdom of Murcia to Castile, except for Alicante, Elche, Orihuela, and lands north of the Segura River. In return for extensive patrimony, Prince Alfonso de la Cerda renounces his claim to the Castilian throne, ending a conflict that has disturbed the tranquility of the realm for nearly 30 years.[40]
  • August 10–11 – Battle of Zierikzee: A French-Hollandic fleet (some 50 galleys) supported by Genoese ships led by Admiral Rainier I defeats the Flemish ships near Zierikzee. During the battle, the Flemish commander Guy of Namur is captured, and his fleet (which consists of Flemish, English, Hanseatic, Spanish and Swedish ships) is annihilated.
  • August 18 – Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle: French forces (some 13,000 men) led by King Philip IV (the Fair) defeat a Flemish army at Mons-en-Pévèle. During the battle, the Flemish led by William of Jülich (the Younger) are forced to retreat to Lille. William is killed, and the French lose the Oriflamme ("Golden Flame"), the battle standard of Philip.[41]
  • August – Flemish forces under John II (the Peaceful) and Guy of Dampierre occupy Zeeland and Holland. In response, John II, count of Holland, recovers the counties. He restores his authority but dies on August 22.[42]
  • October 5 – Treaty of Treviso: After a dispute over salt works, the Italian commune of Padua and Venice sign a peace treaty, ending the Salt War. Venice establishes a salt monopoly and sells salt rights to merchants.[43]
England
  • February 9 – War of Scottish Independence: Scottish nobles led by Robert the Bruce and John Comyn (the Red), negotiate a peace treaty with King Edward I (Longshanks). His terms are accepted, and the Scots submit to English rule. In return, they are granted life and liberty under their old laws and freedom from the forfeiture of their lands. A few prominent nobles are singled out for temporary banishment – among them John de Soules, guardian of Scotland, who is exiled to France. No terms are offered to William Wallace, Edward's most wanted enemy, who remains defiantly at large despite every effort of Edward to capture him.[44][45]
  • February 20 – Battle of Happrew: Scottish rebels led by William Wallace and Simon Fraser fight guerilla warfare against Edward I (Longshanks). They defend themselves against a vanguard of English knights at Peebles, in the Scottish Borders. During the skirmish, the Scots are defeated and routed. Wallace and Fraser narrow escapes being captured.
  • July 24 – Siege of Stirling Castle: Edward I (Longshanks) captures the Scottish rebel stronghold at Stirling. The castle is for four months bombarded by twelve siege engines. During the siege, Edward orders his engineer, Master James of St. George, to build a massive engine called the Warwolf. Eventually, William Oliphant and his garrison surrender.[46]
Middle East
Asia
  • Ambassadors from the Mongol rulers of Central Asia and the Yuan Dynasty announce to Toqta Khan, Mongol ruler of the Golden Horde, their general peace proposal. Toqta accepts the supremacy of Emperor Temür Khan and all yams (postal relays) and commercial networks across the Mongol khanates reopen. In response, Toqta solidifies his rule upon the Rus' princes, who pledge allegiance to him at an assembly in Pereyaslavl.[48][49]
  • August – Sultan Alauddin Khalji orders a second invasion of Gujarat, which results in the annexation of the Kingdom of Vaghela into the Delhi Sultanate.[50][51]

By topic
Religion
  • July 7 – Pope Benedict XI dies after an 8-month pontificate in Perugia. Pro- and anti-French cardinals are unable to elect a successor (until 1305).[52]
  • The construction of Ypres Cloth Hall, in Ypres (modern Belgium), is completed.

1305

By place
Byzantine Empire
  • April 30 – Co-Emperor Michael IX (Palaiologos) invites Roger de Flor, Italian nobleman and adventurer, to Adrianople and has him assassinated there. Along with de Flor, 300 horsemen and some 1,000 foot soldiers who accompanied him are killed. The plan is executed by Alan mercenaries, who at that time are enlisted in the Byzantine army. The murder of the commander of the Catalan Company does not have the expected results. Not only is the Company not disbanded, but its attacks on Byzantine territory becomes more severe. The period of destruction in Macedonia and Thrace after the murder of de Flor becomes known as the "Catalan Revenge".[53]
  • July – Battle of Apros: Byzantine forces (some 6,000 men) under Michael IX (Palaiologos), consisting of a large contingent of Alans and Turcopoles (Christianized Turks), attack the Catalan Company near Apros. Michael orders a general cavalry charge, but the Turcopoles desert en block to the Catalans. During the battle, the Byzantines are defeated (with many losses from the crossbowmen) and Michael is injured but escapes the field.[54]
Europe
  • June 21 – King Wenceslaus II dies, at the age of 33, probably of tuberculosis, after a 5-year reign in Prague. He is succeeded by his 14-year-old son, Wenceslaus III, who becomes ruler of Hungary, Bohemia, and Poland. He marries Viola Elizabeth (or of Teschen), daughter of Duke Mieszko I, and abandons his claim to Hungary in favour of Otto III of Bavaria on October 9. Meanwhile, Władysław I (the Elbow-High), claimant to the Polish throne, begins conquering Polish territories.[55][56]
  • October – Albert I, king of Germany, forces the Bohemian nobles to elect his 23-year-old son, Rudolf of Habsburg, as the ruler of Bohemia on the death of Wenceslaus II.[57]
England
  • August 5 – William Wallace, Scottish rebel leader and knight, is captured by English troops led by John de Menteith. He is transported to London and led, crowned mockingly with laurel, in procession to Westminster Hall. The judgement, like the trial (which last for almost three weeks), is a formality, and Wallace is condemned for treason and for atrocities against civilians in war. After the trial, he is dragged through the streets of Smithfield and executed on August 23. Wallace is hanged, drawn and quartered – strangled by hanging – but cut down while still alive, emasculated, disemboweled (with his bowels burned before him), beheaded, and then cut into four parts. Wallace's head is placed on a spike above the London Bridge, and his limbs are displayed separately, in Newcastle, Berwick, Stirling, and Perth.[58]
  • September – King Edward II (Longshanks) issues ordinances for the government of Scotland. He issues the first commission of Trailbaston – which empowers him to appoint judicial commissions to punish crimes (such as homicide, theft, arson, and rape) and certain trespasses. Edward adds also conspiracy to the list of presentments.[59]
Asia
  • December 20 – Battle of Amroha: Mongol forces (some 30,000 men) invade the Delhi Sultanate again in northern India. Sultan Alauddin Khalji dispatches a cavalry force led by Vizier Ghazi Malik, to repulse the Mongols. During the battle (somewhere in the Amroha district), the Delhi forces inflict a crushing defeat upon the invaders. Many Mongols are taken prisoner and incorporated into the Delhi army.[60]

By topic
Religion

1306

January–December

Date unknown
  • Philip IV of France exiles all the Jews from France, and confiscates their property.[63]
  • Storkyrkan, the current cathedral of Stockholm, is consecrated.[64]
  • In London, a city ordinance decrees that heating with coal is forbidden, when Parliament is in session (the ordinance is not particularly effective).[65]
  • The Mongols raid India.

1307

January–December

Date unknown
  • The Mongol raids on India end.
  • Januli I da Corogna seizes control of Sifnos and becomes its lord.
  • The village of Heerle is proclaimed an independent parish.

1308

January–December

Date unknown

1309

Significant people

Births

1300

  • January 21 – Roger Clifford, English nobleman and knight (d. 1322)
  • January 28 – Chūgan Engetsu, Japanese poet and writer (d. 1375)
  • February 1 – Bolko II of Ziębice, Polish nobleman and knight (d. 1341)
  • April 4 – Constance of Aragon, Aragonese princess (infanta) (d. 1327)
  • June 1 – Thomas of Brotherton, English nobleman and prince (d. 1338)[68]
  • September 27 – Adolf of the Rhine, German nobleman (d. 1327)[69]
  • October 9 – John de Grey, English nobleman and knight (d. 1359)
  • December 22 – Khutughtu Khan Kusala, Mongol emperor (d. 1329)
  • Charles d'Artois, Neapolitan nobleman, knight and chancellor (d. 1346)
  • Dionigi di Borgo San Sepolcro, Italian bishop and theologian (d. 1342)
  • Gerard III, Dutch nobleman, knight, bailiff and rebel leader (d. 1358)[70]
  • Guillaume de Harsigny, French doctor and court physician (d. 1393)
  • Guillaume de Machaut, French priest, poet and composer (d. 1377)
  • Immanuel Bonfils, French mathematician and astronomer (d. 1377)
  • Jakov of Serres, Serbian scholar, hierarch and translator (d. 1365)
  • Jeanne de Clisson, French noblewoman and privateer (d. 1359)[71]
  • Joanna of Pfirt, German noblewoman (House of Habsburg) (d. 1351)
  • Johannes Tauler, German preacher, mystic and theologian (d. 1361)
  • John III, Dutch nobleman and knight (House of Reginar) (d. 1355)[72]
  • John Sheppey, English administrator, treasurer and bishop (d. 1360)
  • Jordan of Quedlinburg, German preacher, hermit and writer (d. 1380)
  • Richard FitzRalph, Norman-Irish archbishop and theologian (d. 1360)
  • Simon Locard (or Lockhart), Scottish landowner and knight (d. 1371)
  • Thomas Bradwardine, English archbishop and theologian (d. 1349)

1301

  • February 6 – Henry Percy, English nobleman, governor and knight (d. 1352)
  • June 19 – Morikuni, Japanese prince, shogun and puppet ruler (d. 1333)
  • July 23 – Otto I (the Merry), Austrian nobleman and co-ruler (d. 1339)[73]
  • August 5 – Edmund of Woodstock, English nobleman and prince (d. 1330)[74]
  • September 24 – Ralph de Stafford, English nobleman and knight (d. 1372)[75]
  • October 4 – Thomas de Monthermer, English nobleman and knight (d. 1340)
  • October 7 – Aleksandr Mikhailovich, Russian Grand Prince (d. 1339)[76]
  • Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord, French cardinal and diplomat (d. 1364)
  • Ingeborg of Norway, Norwegian princess and de facto ruler (d. 1361)[77]
  • Nitta Yoshisada, Japanese nobleman, general and samurai (d. 1338)
  • Ni Zan, Chinese nobleman, painter, musician and tea master (d. 1374)
  • Rudolf II, German nobleman and knight (House of Zähringen) (d. 1352)
  • Taego Bou, Korean monk and founder of the Taego Order (d. 1383)
  • William Montagu, English nobleman, knight and diplomat (d. 1344)

1302

  • November 30 – Andrew Corsini, Italian prelate and bishop (d. 1374)
  • December 7 – Azzone Visconti, Italian nobleman and knight (d. 1339)
  • Fang Congyi, Chinese Daoist priest and landscape painter (d. 1393)
  • Hōjō Sadayuki, Japanese nobleman, governor and samurai (d. 1333)
  • Konoe Tsunetada, Japanese nobleman (kugyō) and regent (d. 1352)
  • Shihabuddeen Ahmed Koya, Indian Grand Mufti and writer (d. 1374)
  • Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen, Tibetan ruler and politician (d. 1364)

1303

  • May 19 – Saw Zein (or Binnya Ran De), Burmese ruler (d. 1330)
  • July 12 – Hugh de Courtenay, English nobleman and knight (d. 1377)
  • Bridget of Sweden (or Birgitta), Swedish nun and mystic (d. 1373)
  • Catherine II, Latin empress consort, regent and co-ruler (d. 1346)
  • Henry Ferrers, English nobleman, constable and knight (d. 1343)
  • Hōjō Shigetoki, Japanese nobleman (rensho) and official (d. 1333)
  • Marie of Évreux, French noblewoman (House of Capet) (d. 1335)
  • Willem IV of Horne, Dutch nobleman, diplomat and knight (d. 1343)

1304

  • January 9 – Hōjō Takatoki, Japanese nobleman and regent (d. 1333)
  • February 16 – Tugh Temür (or Wenzong), Mongol emperor (d. 1332)
  • February 24 – Ibn Battuta, Moroccan scholar and explorer (d. 1369)
  • May 2 – Margaret Mortimer, Anglo-Norman noblewoman (d. 1337)
  • April 9 – Venturino of Bergamo, Italian monk and preacher (d. 1346)
  • June 6 – Francesco Albergotti, Italian nobleman and jurist (d. 1376)
  • July 20 – Francesco Petrarca, Italian historian and poet (d. 1374)
  • October 4 – John Beauchamp, English peer and knight (d. 1343)
  • October 17
    • Eleanor de Bohun, English noblewoman (d. 1363)
    • James Butler, Irish nobleman and knight (d. 1338)
  • Engelbert III, German archbishop (House of La Marck) (d. 1368)
  • Gerard II de Lisle, English nobleman, peer and knight (d. 1360)
  • Ibn al-Shatir, Syrian astronomer, engineer and writer (d. 1375)
  • Joan of Valois, French noblewoman and princess (d. 1363)
  • John of Aragon, Aragonese archbishop and patriarch (d. 1334)
  • Lodewijk Heyligen, Flemish monk and music theorist (d. 1361)
  • Magnus I (the Pious), German nobleman and knight (d. 1369)
  • Marcus of Viterbo, Italian cardinal and papal legate (d. 1369)
  • Marie of Luxemburg, queen of France and Navarre (d. 1324)
  • Walram of Jülich, Dutch nobleman and archbishop (d. 1349)
  • Walter VI, French nobleman, knight and constable (d. 1356)
  • William de Clinton, English nobleman and admiral (d. 1354)

1305

  • June 2 – Abu Sa'id Bahadur (or Abu Sa'id), Mongol ruler (d. 1335)
  • August 18 – Ashikaga Takauji, Japanese general (shogun) (d. 1358)
  • September 25 – Al-Mahdi Ali, Yemeni imam and politician (d. 1372)
  • September 29 – Henry XIV, German nobleman and co-ruler (d. 1339)
  • October 28 – Minbyauk Thihapate, Burmese ruler of Sagaing (d. 1364)
  • November 5 – Robert Clifford, English nobleman and knight (d. 1344)
  • Agnes of Bohemia, Bohemian princess (House of Přemyslid) (d. 1337)
  • Arnoul d'Audrehem, French nobleman, knight and marshal (d. 1370)
  • Elizabeth of Poland, queen consort of Hungary and Croatia (d. 1380)
  • Gao Ming (or Gao Zecheng), Chinese poet and playwright (d. 1370)
  • Isabella of Aragon (or Elisabeth), German queen consort (d. 1330)
  • Khatsun Namkha Lekpa Gyaltsen, Tibetan religious leader (d. 1343)
  • Konoe Mototsugu, Japanese nobleman (kugyō) and regent (d. 1354)
  • Louis the Junker, German nobleman, knight and co-ruler (d. 1345)
  • Peter of Aragon, Spanish prince (infante) and counsellor (d. 1381)
  • Peter Thomas, French monk, archbishop and theologian (d. 1366)
  • Philippe de Cabassoles, French bishop and papal legate (d. 1372)
  • Shiba Takatsune, Japanese general and warlord (daimyo) (d. 1367)
  • Thomas of Frignano, Italian cardinal and Minister General (d. 1381)
  • Yi Ja-heung, Korean nobleman, official and Grand Prince (d. 1371)

1306

  • August 8 – Rudolf II, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1353)
  • Isabella, Countess of Brienne, vassal ruler and claimant (d. 1360)
  • Ashikaga Tadayoshi, general of the Northern and Southern Courts (d. 1352)
  • Sasaki Takauji, Japanese poet, warrior, and bureaucrat (d. 1373)

1307

  • date unknown
    • William II, Count of Hainaut
    • Alessandra Giliani, Italian scientist (d. 1326)

1308

  • July 26 – Stefan Dušan, Emperor of the Serbs (d. 1355)
  • date unknown
    • Longchenpa, Tibetan Buddhist teacher (d. 1363)
    • Laura de Noves, French countess (d. 1348)
    • Prince Moriyoshi, Japanese shōgun (d. 1335)

1309

  • Konrad of Megenberg (d. 1374)[78]
  • Aldona of Lithuania, queen consort of Poland (d. 1339)
  • Leo IV, King of Armenia (d. 1341)

Deaths

1300

  • January 14 – Isabella of Lusignan, French noblewoman (b. 1224)
  • February 19 – Munio of Zamora, Spanish friar and bishop (b. 1237)
  • July 18 – Gerard Segarelli, Italian founder of the Apostolic Brethren
  • September 24 – Edmund of Cornwall, English nobleman (b. 1249)
  • September 29 – Juliana FitzGerald, Norman noblewoman (b. 1263)
  • December 12 – Bartolo da San Gimignano, Italian priest (b. 1228)
  • Albert III, German nobleman, knight and co-ruler (House of Ascania)
  • Albertus de Chiavari, Italian priest, Master General and philosopher
  • Berengaria of Castile, Spanish noblewoman and princess (b. 1253)
  • Demetrios Pepagomenos, Byzantine physician, scientist and writer
  • Geoffrey de Mowbray, Scottish nobleman, knight and Chief Justiciar
  • Guido Cavalcanti, Italian poet and friend of Dante Alighieri (b. 1250)
  • Güneri of Karaman, Turkish nobleman (bey) (House of Karamanid)
  • Herman VIII, German nobleman and co-ruler (House of Zähringen)
  • Jeanne de Montfort de Chambéon, Swiss noblewoman and regent
  • Kangan Giin, Japanese Buddhist scholar and Zen Master (b. 1217)
  • Thomas de Somerville, Scottish nobleman and rebel leader (b. 1245)
  • Tran Hung Dao, Vietnamese Grand Prince and statesman (b. 1228)
  • William of Nangis, French monk, chronicler and historian (b. 1250)

1301

  • January 14 – Andrew III (the Venetian), king of Hungary (b. 1265)[8]
  • February 19 – Pietro Gerra, Italian cleric, archbishop and patriarch
  • February 20 – Asukai Gayū, Japanese nobleman and poet (b. 1241)
  • March 21 – Guillaume de Champvent, Swiss nobleman and bishop
  • May 7 – Hōjō Akitoki, Japanese military leader and poet (b. 1248)
  • August 22 – Giacomo Bianconi, Italian priest and scholar (b. 1220)
  • September 3 – Alberto I, Italian nobleman and Chief Magistrate[79]
  • October 8 – Abu Numayy I, Arabic ruler of the Emirate of Mecca
  • November 9 – Bolko I (the Strict), Polish nobleman and co-ruler
  • November 19 – Johann III, Polish chaplain, bishop and diplomat
  • Amaury de Montfort, English priest, knight and theologian (b. 1242)
  • Blasco I d'Alagona (the Elder), Aragonese nobleman and captain
  • Dietrich I of Isenberg, Dutch nobleman and knight (House of Berg)
  • False Margaret, Norwegian noblewoman and pretender (b. 1260)
  • Giolla Íosa Mac Fir Bisigh, Irish historian, poet and mathematician
  • Jean I, French nobleman, knight and seneschal (House of Grailly)
  • Nusrat Khan Jalesari, Indian nobleman, general and Grand Vizier
  • Roland Borsa, Hungarian nobleman and military leader (voivode)
  • Takatsukasa Kanetada, Japanese nobleman and regent (b. 1262)
  • Toghon (Prince Zhennan), Mongol nobleman, prince and general
  • Violant of Aragon, queen of Castile (House of Barcelona) (b. 1236)
  • Zahed Gilani, Persian religious leader and Grandmaster (b. 1218)

1302

  • January 2 – Henry I, German nobleman and co-ruler (b. 1230)
  • January 19 – Al-Hakim I, Abbasid ruler (caliph) of Cairo (b. 1247)
  • January 26 – Godfrey Giffard, English Lord Chancellor and bishop
  • February 1 – Andrea dei Conti, Italian priest and mystic (b. 1240)
  • February 10 – Gerald Le Marescal, Irish archdeacon and bishop
  • March 3 – Roger-Bernard III, French nobleman and knight (b. 1243)
  • March 9 – Richard FitzAlan, English nobleman and knight (b. 1267)
  • March 20 – Ralph Walpole, English cleric, archdeacon and bishop
  • April 8 – Muhammad II (al-Faqih), Nasrid ruler of Granada (b. 1235)
  • April 9 – Constance of Sicily, queen and regent of Aragon (b. 1249)
  • May 2 – Blanche of Artois, queen and regent of Navarre (b. 1248)
  • June 30 – Ingeborg Birgersdotter, Swedish noblewoman (b. 1253)
  • July 11 (Battle of the Golden Spurs):
    • Godfrey of Brabant, Dutch nobleman and knight
    • Guy I of Clermont, French nobleman and knight
    • Jacques de Châtillon, French governor and knight
    • John I de Trie, French knight and trouvère (b. 1225)
    • John I of Ponthieu, French nobleman and knight
    • John II of Brienne, French nobleman and knight
    • Pierre Flotte, French knight, lawyer and chancellor
    • Raoul II of Clermont, French nobleman and knight
    • Robert II, French nobleman and seneschal (b. 1250)
    • Simon de Melun, French knight and Marshal (b. 1250)
  • September 6 – John St. John, English knight and seneschal
  • September 18 – Eudokia Palaiologina, empress of Trebizond
  • September 26 – Barthélemy de Quincy, French Grand Master
  • October 29 – Matthew of Aquasparta, Italian Minister General
  • November 17 – Gertrude the Great, German mystic (b. 1256)
  • December 2 – Audun Hugleiksson, Norwegian knight (b. 1240)
  • December 13 – Adolf II, German nobleman and prince-bishop
  • December 26 – Valdemar Birgersson, king of Sweden (b. 1239)
  • December 29 – Vitslav II, Danish nobleman, knight and prince
  • December 31 – Frederick III, German nobleman and knight
  • Balian of Ibelin, Cypriot nobleman and seneschal (b. 1240)
  • Dietrich of Apolda, German monk, hagiographer and writer
  • Gerardo Bianchi, Italian churchman, cardinal and diplomat
  • Godfrey Giffard, English chancellor and bishop (b. 1235)
  • Henry III of Bar, French nobleman and knight (b. 1259)
  • Henry le Walleis, English advisor, mayor and politician
  • Hu Sanxing, Chinese historian and politician (b. 1230)
  • Ibn Daqiq al-'Id, Egyptian scholar and writer (b. 1228)
  • John Comyn II, Scottish nobleman, knight and regent
  • John de Sècheville, English philosopher and scientist
  • Lotterio Filangieri, Italo-Norman nobleman and knight
  • Louis I, Swiss nobleman and knight (House of Savoy)
  • Maghinardo Pagani, Italian nobleman and statesman
  • William of March, English Lord Treasurer and bishop

1303

  • March 4
    • Daniel of Moscow, Russian nobleman and prince (b. 1261)
    • Theodora Palaiologina, Byzantine empress consort (b. 1240)
  • March 17 – Otto IV, French nobleman and co-ruler (House of Ivrea)
  • May 19 – Ivo of Kermartin, French priest, judge and saint (b. 1253)
  • July 8 – Procopius of Ustyug, German merchant and wonderworker
  • August 8 – Henry of Castile (the Senator), Spanish prince (b. 1230)
  • August 9 – Thomas Maule, Scottish nobleman, captain and knight
  • August 25 – Ninshō, Japanese monk, disciple and priest (b. 1217)
  • September 7 – Gregory Bicskei, Hungarian prelate and archbishop
  • October 11 – Boniface VIII, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1230)
  • October 27 – Beatrice of Castile, queen consort of Portugal (b. 1242)
  • November 1 – Hugh XIII of Lusignan, French nobleman (b. 1259)
  • December 9 – Richard Gravesend, English archdeacon and bishop
  • Drakpa Odzer, Tibetan monk, abbot and Imperial Preceptor (b. 1246)
  • Elizabeth of Sicily, queen consort of Hungary and Croatia (b. 1261)
  • Erik Knudsen Skarsholm, Danish nobleman and knight (b. 1235)
  • Hajib Shakarbar, Indian scholar, poet, writer and mystic (b. 1213)
  • Ibn Abd al-Malik, Almohad historian, biographer and writer (b. 1237)
  • John of St. Amand, French pharmacist and philosopher (b. 1230)
  • Otto VI (the Short), German nobleman and co-ruler (b. 1255)

1304

  • January 13 – Ichijō Uchisane, Japanese nobleman (b. 1276)
  • February 14 – Guy of Ibelin, Outremer nobleman (House of Ibelin)
  • March 6 – Fujiwara no Kimiko, Japanese empress consort (b. 1232)
  • March 7 – Bartolomeo I della Scala, Italian nobleman and knight
  • March 23 – John I (Chiano), Sardinian ruler (Judge of Arborea)
  • March 26 – Wigbold von Holte, German archbishop and diplomat
  • April 1 – Albert I, Austrian nobleman, knight and co-ruler (b. 1240)
  • April 11 – Maud de Lacy, Norman noblewoman (suo jure) (b. 1230)
  • April 27 – Pedro Armengol, Spanish nobleman and priest (b. 1238)
  • May 11 – Ghazan Khan, Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate (b. 1271)
  • May 23 – Jehan de Lescurel, French composer-poet and writer
  • June 1 – Giovanni Pelingotto, Italian monk and hermit (b. 1240)
  • June 5 – Abu Said Uthman I, Zenata Berber ruler of Tlemcen
  • June 6 – Maria of Portugal, Portuguese princess (b. 1264)
  • July 7 – Benedict XI, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1240)
  • July 17 – Edmund Mortimer, English nobleman (b. 1251)
  • July 27 – Andrey III, Kievan nobleman and Grand Prince
  • August 10 – Martin of Dacia, Danish theologian (b. 1240)
  • August 16 – John III, Dutch nobleman and knight (b. 1249)
  • August 17 – Go-Fukakusa, Japanese emperor (b. 1243)
  • August 18 – William of Jülich, Flemish nobleman (b. 1275)
  • August 22 – John II, Dutch nobleman and knight (b. 1247)
  • September 22 – Thomas of Corbridge, English archbishop
  • September 27 – John de Warenne, English nobleman (b. 1231)
  • September 28 – Elisabeth of Kalisz, Polish noblewoman (b. 1259)
  • September 29 – Agnes of Brandenburg, Danish queen (b. 1257)
  • December 5 – John of Pontoise, English archdeacon and bishop
  • December 23 – Matilda of Habsburg, German co-ruler (b. 1253)
  • Fernando Rodríguez de Castro, Spanish nobleman and knight
  • Henry I, German nobleman and knight (House of Schaumburg)
  • Henry II of Rodez, French nobleman and troubadour (b. 1236)
  • João Afonso Telo, Portuguese nobleman, knight and diplomat
  • Peter of Auvergne, French philosopher, theologian and writer
  • Robert de Brus, Scoto-Norman nobleman and knight (b. 1243)
  • Wang Yun, Chinese official, politician, poet and writer (b. 1228)

1305

  • January 17 – Roger of Lauria, Italian nobleman and admiral (b. 1245)
  • March 1 – Blanche of France, French princess and duchess (b. 1278)
  • March 7 – Guy of Dampierre, French nobleman and knight (b. 1226)
  • April 2 – Joan I of Navarre, French queen consort and regent (b. 1273)[80]
  • April 10 – Joachim Piccolomini, Italian monk and altar server (b. 1258)
  • April 30 – Roger de Flor, Italian nobleman and adventurer (b. 1267)
  • May 17 – Hōjō Tokimura, Japanese nobleman (rensho) (b. 1242)
  • June 21 – Wenceslaus II, king of Bohemia and Poland (b. 1271)
  • August 23 – William Wallace, Scottish rebel leader and knight[81]
  • August 26 – Walter of Winterburn, English cardinal and writer
  • September 4 – Matteo Rosso Orsini, Italian cardinal (b. 1230)
  • September 10 – Nicholas of Tolentino, Italian friar and mystic
  • October 4
    • Dietrich VII, German nobleman and knight (b. 1256)
    • Kameyama, Japanese emperor and priest (b. 1249)
  • October 9 – Robert de Pontigny, French abbot and cardinal
  • November 11 – Otto I, German nobleman and knight (b. 1262)
  • November 18 – John II, French nobleman and knight (b. 1239)
  • November 24 – Mahalakadeva (or Mahlak Deva), Indian ruler
  • Guillaume de Villaret, French knight and Grand Master (b. 1235)
  • John I, Piedmontese nobleman (House of Aleramici) (b. 1275)
  • John II van Sierck (or Zyrick), Dutch archdeacon and bishop
  • Qian Xuan (or Shun Ju), Chinese official and painter (b. 1235)

1306

1307

1308

1309

  • April 10 – Elisabeth von Rapperswil, Swiss sovereign countess of Rapperswil (b. 1261)
  • May 5 – Charles II of Naples
  • James of St. George, Savoyard military architect (b. 1230)
  • Raden Wijaya, Founder and First King of Majapahit Empire

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