1858

1858 (MDCCCLVIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1858th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 858th year of the 2nd millennium, the 58th year of the 19th century, and the 9th year of the 1850s decade. As of the start of 1858, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1858 in topic
Humanities
Archaeology – Architecture – Art
Film - Literature – Music - (jazz)
By country
Australia – Belgium – Brazil – Bulgaria – Canada – Denmark – France – Germany – Mexico – New Zealand – Norway – Philippines – Portugal – Russia – South Africa – Spain – Sweden – United Kingdom – United States – Venezuela
Other topics
Rail transport – Science – Sports
Lists of leaders
Sovereign states – State leaders – Territorial governors – Religious leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
Works
1858 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1858
MDCCCLVIII
Ab urbe condita2611
Armenian calendar1307
ԹՎ ՌՅԷ
Assyrian calendar6608
Baháʼí calendar14–15
Balinese saka calendar1779–1780
Bengali calendar1265
Berber calendar2808
British Regnal year21 Vict. 1 – 22 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar2402
Burmese calendar1220
Byzantine calendar7366–7367
Chinese calendar丁巳年 (Fire Snake)
4554 or 4494
    — to —
戊午年 (Earth Horse)
4555 or 4495
Coptic calendar1574–1575
Discordian calendar3024
Ethiopian calendar1850–1851
Hebrew calendar5618–5619
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1914–1915
 - Shaka Samvat1779–1780
 - Kali Yuga4958–4959
Holocene calendar11858
Igbo calendar858–859
Iranian calendar1236–1237
Islamic calendar1274–1275
Japanese calendarAnsei 5
(安政５年)
Javanese calendar1786–1787
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar4191
Minguo calendar54 before ROC
民前54年
Nanakshahi calendar390
Thai solar calendar2400–2401
Tibetan calendar阴火蛇年
(female Fire-Snake)
1984 or 1603 or 831
    — to —
阳土马年
(male Earth-Horse)
1985 or 1604 or 832
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1858.

Events

January–March

April–June

July–September
  • July
  • July 1 – A joint presentation of papers by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, announcing a theory of evolution by natural selection, are read at London's Linnean Society.
  • July 8 – A peace treaty ends the Indian Rebellion.
  • July 12 – The Advertiser, a daily newspaper still in circulation, begins publication in Adelaide, Australia.
  • July 17 – The Lutine bell is salvaged, and subsequently hung in Lloyd's of London.
  • July 28 – In Bengal, India, British officer William James Herschel uses the hand impression of Rajyadhar Konai, as a contract fingerprint signature.
  • July 29 – The United States and Japan sign the Treaty of Amity and Commerce, negotiated by Townsend Harris.
  • August – The first aerial photography is carried out by Nadar, from a moored balloon in France.[8]
  • August 2
    • The Government of India Act, passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, transfers the territories of the British East India Company and their administration to the direct rule of the British Crown, through a Secretary of State for India.[9]
    • A bill is passed to create a modern sewage system in London as a result of the Great Stink, when the heat of the summer made the smell from sewage in the Thames unbearable.
  • August 5 – Cyrus West Field and others complete the first transatlantic telegraph cable, after several unsuccessful attempts. The service ends on September 1, due to weak current.
  • August 7 – A football match, played under an unknown set of rules, is held between Melbourne Grammar School and Scotch College.
  • August 11 – The Eiger is first ascended.
  • August 16 – U.S. President James Buchanan inaugurates the new trans-Atlantic telegraph cable, by exchanging greetings with Queen Victoria. However, a weak signal forces a shutdown of the service in a few weeks.
  • August 21 – The first of the Lincoln–Douglas debates is held in Illinois.
August 5: First transatlantic telegraph cable.
  • September – Cochinchina Campaign: French warships, under Charles Rigault de Genouilly, attack and occupy Da Nang, Vietnam.
  • September 11 – Dom, the third-highest summit in the Alps, is first ascended.

October–December
  • October 21 – Jacques Offenbach's operetta Orpheus in the Underworld, featuring music associated with the can-can, is first performed in Paris.
  • October 28 – Macy's department store, founded by R. H. Macy, opens for business in New York City.
  • November 12 – Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein, succeeds to the throne aged 18; he will rule until his death in 1929, the second-longest in European royal history and the longest precisely documented tenure of any monarch without a regent since antiquity.
  • November 16 – The 2,400,000th day of the Epoch of the Julian day is reached.
  • November 17
  • December 7 — Mexican unconstitutional interim president Félix María Zuloaga proclaims the Plan of Tacubaya to abolish the Reform Laws, setting off a three-year civil war (1857–1860).[2]
  • December 24 — Manuel Robles Pezuela (1817–1862) becomes unconstitutional president of Mexico.[2]
  • December 29 – The Northern Railway Company is established in Madrid, Spain, with a purpose to construct the Northern Railway.
  • December 30 – Paraguay expedition: Seventeen U.S. Navy warships, under the command of William Shubrick, depart from Uruguay on a mission to demand concessions from Paraguay, and to go to war if necessary.

Date unknown
  • The Russian Empire changes its flag.
  • William M. Tweed begins his 13-year term as "Boss" of Tammany Hall.
  • The haute couture firm of Worth and Bobergh is established in Paris.
  • The Miners Association is established in Cornwall, England, UK.
  • Feudalism and serfdom in Bulgaria are abolished in the Ottoman Empire (practically in 1880).
  • Squibb Pharmacy, as predecessor of Bristol-Myers Squibb, a worldwide pharmaceutical brand, is founded in New York, United States.

Births

January–June
Rudolf Diesel
Max Planck
Gustaf V of Sweden
Lillie Eginton Warren
  • January 7 – Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, Russian-born advocate of the Hebrew language (d. 1922)
  • January 10 – Heinrich Zille, German illustrator, photographer (d. 1929)
  • January 11 – Harry Gordon Selfridge, American department store magnate (d. 1947)[10]
  • January 13 – Oskar Minkowski, Lithuanian physician (d. 1931)
  • January 21 – Anna Bowman Dodd, American author (d. 1929)
  • January 22 – Frederick Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard, English soldier, explorer and colonial administrator (d. 1945)
  • January 25 – Lillie Eginton Warren, American speech therapy pioneer (d. 1926)
  • January 27 – Neel Doff, Dutch-born French author (d. 1942)
  • January 28 – Eugène Dubois, Dutch paleoanthropologist and geologist (d. 1940)
  • February 15 – John Joseph Montgomery, American glider pioneer (d. 1911)
  • February 18 – Wilhelm Schmidt, German pioneer of superheated steam for use in locomotives (d. 1924)
  • February 19 – Charles Alexander Eastman, Native American author, physician, reformer, helped found the Boy Scouts of America (d. 1939)
  • February 24 – Alphonse Jacques de Dixmude, Belgian general (d. 1928)
  • March 6 – Samuel Untermyer, American lawyer (d. 1940)
  • March 9 – Gustav Stickley, American furniture designer, architect (d. 1942)
  • March 10 – Kōkichi Mikimoto, Japanese pearl farm pioneer (d. 1954)
  • March 15 – Liberty Hyde Bailey, American botanist (d. 1954)
  • March 18 – Rudolf Diesel, German inventor, automotive pioneer (d. 1913)[11]
  • March 23 – Ludwig Quidde, German pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1941)[12]
  • March 27 – Richard Friedrich Johannes Pfeiffer, German physician, bacteriologist (d. 1945)
  • March 28 – Joséphin Péladan, French novelist (d. 1918)
  • March 30 – DeWolf Hopper, American actor, singer, comedian, and theatrical producer (d. 1935)
  • April 3 – Mary Harrison McKee, de facto First Lady of the United States (d. 1930)
  • April 19 – May Robson, Australian-born American actress (d. 1942)
  • April 22 - Fritz Mayer van den Bergh, Belgian art collector and art historian (d. 1901)
  • April 23 – Max Planck, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1947)
  • April 30 – Mary Dimmick Harrison, 2nd wife of President Benjamin Harrison (d. 1948)
  • May 8 – Heinrich Berté, Austrian operetta composer (d. 1924)
  • May 21 – Édouard Goursat, French mathematician (d. 1936)
  • May 26 – Horace Smith-Dorrien, British general (d. 1930)[13]
  • June 5 – Carl Swartz, 14th Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1926)
  • June 8
    • Charlotte Scott, English mathematician (d. 1931)[14]
    • Florence Hull Winterburn, American children's author (unknown year of death)
  • June 12 – Harry Johnston, British explorer, botanist, artist, colonial administrator, linguist (d. 1927)[15]
  • June 16
  • June 19 – Sir George Alexander, English actor (d. 1918)
  • June 20
    • Charles W. Chesnutt, African-American author, essayist, political activist (d. 1932)
    • Paul Maistre, French general (d. 1922)
    • Alexander Ragoza, Russian general and Ukrainian politician (d. 1919)
  • June 28 – Otis Skinner, American film actor (d. 1943)

July–December
Theodore Roosevelt
Selma Lagerlöf
Giacomo Puccini
Emmeline Pankhurst

Deaths

January–June
Vicente Ramón Roca
  • January 4 – Amelia Griffiths, English phycologist (b. 1768)
  • January 5 – Joseph Radetzky von Radetz, Austrian field marshal (b. 1766)
  • January 8 – Caroline Cornwallis, English writer (b. 1786)
  • January 9 – Anson Jones, 4th and last President of the Republic of Texas (suicide) (b. 1798)
  • February 21 – John K. Kane, American politician and jurist (b. 1795)
  • February 23 – Vicente Ramón Roca, 3rd President of Ecuador (b. 1792)
  • March 4 – Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry, American naval officer (b. 1794)
  • March 13 – Georgios Kountouriotis, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1782)
  • April 7 – Anton Diabelli, Austrian composer (b. 1781)
  • May 11 – Joseph Gensoul, French surgeon (b. 1797)
  • May 21 – José de la Riva Agüero, Peruvian soldier and politician, 1st president of Peru and 2nd president of North Peru (b. 1783)
  • June 3 – Julius Reubke, German composer (b. 1834)
  • June 18 – Rani of Jhansi, Indian queen of Jhansi and independence activist (b. 1828)
  • June 28
    • Jane Marcet, British science writer (b. 1769)
    • Auguste de Montferrand, French architect (b. 1786)

July–December
Harriet Taylor Mill
Aloys II, Prince of Liechtenstein

References
  1. "Benito Juarez" (in Spanish). Retrieved June 8, 2019.
  2. "El único y olvidado presidente de Guanajuato" [The only and forgotten president of Guanajuato]. Ruleta Rusia (in Spanish). January 12, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
  3. Sen, Satyen. মহাবিদ্রোহের কাহিনী [Story of the great rebellion] (in Bengali). pp. 155–159.
  4. Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
  5. Ruskin, John (1982). Hayman, John (ed.). Letters From The Continent, 1858. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-5583-4.
  6. "The Zambesi Expedition". Livingstone Online. Archived from the original on March 2, 2012. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
  7. CommunicationSolutions/ISI, "Railroads — prior to the Civil War" Archived July 26, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, North Carolina Business History, 2006, accessed 1 Feb 2010.
  8. "Brief history of aerial photography". www.findaerialphotography.com. 2007. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  9. Wolpert, Stanley (1989). A New History of India (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 239–40. ISBN 0-19-505637-X.
  10. "Harry Gordon Selfridge". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
  11. The Engineer. Morgan-Grampian (Publishers). 1958. p. 386.
  12. Bernard S. Schlessinger; June H. Schlessinger (1996). The Who's who of Nobel Prize Winners, 1901-1995. Oryx Press. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-89774-899-5.
  13. Ian F. W. Beckett; Steven J. Corvi (July 19, 2007). Haig's Generals. Pen & Sword Books. p. 256. ISBN 978-1-78303-491-8.
  14. Clark Kenschaft, Patricia (1987). "Charlotte Angas Scott". In Grinstein, Louise S.; Campbell, Paul J. (eds.). Women of Mathematics: a Biobibliographic Sourcebook. New York: Greenwood Press. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-3132-4849-8.
  15. "Henry Hamilton Johnston". Encyclopedia of World Biography. Retrieved January 25, 2022.
  16. H. Kennedy (December 6, 2012). Peano: Life and Works of Giuseppe Peano. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 1. ISBN 978-94-009-8984-9.
  17. Jagdish Mehra (1987). The Historical Development of Quantum Theory. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-387-95179-9.
  18. Robert Eccleshall; Graham Walker (June 1, 2002). Biographical Dictionary of British Prime Ministers. Routledge. p. 262. ISBN 978-1-134-66231-9.
  19. Gaetana Marrone; Paolo Puppa (December 26, 2006). Encyclopedia of Italian Literary Studies. Routledge. p. 654. ISBN 978-1-135-45530-9.
  20. Thomson Gale (Firm) (2007). Nobel Prize Laureates in Literature: Lagerkvist-Pontoppidan. Thomson Gale. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-7876-8149-4.
  21. Monoranjon Gupta (1970). Jagadishchandra Bose: A Biography. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 2.
  22. William Belmont Parker (1920). Chileans of To-day. G. P. Putnam's sons. p. 1.
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