夜
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Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Han character
夜 (radical 36, 夕+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜人弓大 (YONK), four-corner 00247, composition ⿱亠⿰亻⿴夂丶)
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 246, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5763
- Dae Jaweon: page 490, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 285, character 1
- Unihan data for U+591C
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
夜 | |
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variant forms | 亱 𠙑 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 夜 | ||
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Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Characters in the same phonetic series (亦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
夜 | *laːɡs |
鵺 | *laːɡs |
迹 | *ʔsleːɡ |
跡 | *ʔsleːɡ |
亦 | *laːɡ |
弈 | *laːɡ |
奕 | *laːɡ |
帟 | *laːɡ |
腋 | *laːɡ |
掖 | *laːɡ |
焲 | *laːɡ |
液 | *laːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *laːɡs) : phonetic 亦 (OC *laːɡ) + semantic 夕 (“moon”).
The lower-right portion is a corruption/graphical variant of 夕; the remainder (亠 + 亻) is a reduced and distorted form of 亦, used phonetically.
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-r(j)ak.
Pronunciation
Definitions
夜
Compounds
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Japanese
Readings
Compounds
- 夜夜, 夜々 (yaya)
- 夜陰 (yain)
- 夜間 (yakan)
- 夜行 (yagyō)
- 夜勤 (yakin)
- 夜景 (yakei)
- 夜行 (yakō)
- 夜座, 夜坐 (yaza)
- 夜食 (yashoku, “night meal, midnight snack”)
- 夜中 (yachū)
- 夜半 (yahan)
- 暗夜, 闇夜 (an'ya)
- 一夜 (ichiya)
- 雨夜 (uya)
- 月夜 (getsuya)
- 五夜 (goya)
- 今夜 (kon'ya)
- 昨夜 (sakuya)
- 終夜 (shūya)
- 初夜 (shoya)
- 除夜 (joya)
- 深夜 (shin'ya)
- 初夜 (soya)
- 昼夜 (chūya)
- 通夜 (tsuya), 通夜 (tsūya)
- 徹夜 (tetsuya)
- 日夜 (nichiya)
- 暮夜 (boya)
- 連夜 (ren'ya)
- 十六夜 (izayoi, “sixteenth night of every month”)
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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夜 |
よる Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
⟨yo1ru⟩ → */jʷoru/ → /joru/
From Old Japanese.
Derived from yo below, suffixed with an element ru of unclear meaning.[1] Compare 日 (hi, “day”) → 昼 (hiru, “daytime”), which seems to use this same ru element.[1]
Noun
- night, evening
- 東京の夜
- Tōkyō no yoru
- Tokyo nights
- 不安な夜を過ごす
- fuan na yoru o sugosu
- to endure a night of anxiety
- (literally, “to pass an uneasy night”)
- 夜の星空を見上げる
- yoru no hoshizora o miageru
- to look up at the night's starry sky
- 『夜のヒットスタジオ』
- “Yoru no Hitto Sutajio”
- "Hit Studio of the Night" (prominent Japanese music show)
- Synonym: 夜間 (yakan)
- Antonym: 昼 (hiru)
- 東京の夜
Derived terms
Idioms
- 夜の衣を返す (yoru no koromo o kaesu)
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
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夜 |
よ Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
⟨yo1⟩ → /jʷo/ → /jo/
From Old Japanese.
In modern development, this term has taken on a more literary sense.
Noun
- (literary) night, evening
- 『真夏の夜の夢』
- “Manatsu no Yo no Yume”
- A Midsummer Night's Dream
- 『真夏の夜の夢』
Derived terms
- 夜夜, 夜々 (yoyo)
- 夜上がり (yoagari)
- 夜明け (yoake)
- 夜風 (yokaze)
- 夜着 (yogi)
- 夜籠もる (yogomoru)
- 夜さり (yosari), 夜さり (yōsari)
- 終夜 (yosugara)
- 夜釣, 夜釣り (yozuri)
- 夜な夜な (yonayona)
- 夜中 (yonaka)
- 夜長 (yonaga)
- 夜の目 (yo no me)
- 夜一夜 (yo hitoyo)
- 夜更け, 夜深け (yofuke)
- 昨夜 (yobe), 昨夜 (yōbe)
- 夜間 (yoma)
- 終夜 (yomosugara)
- 夜も日も明けない (yo mo hi mo akenai)
- 夜を明かす (yo o akasu)
- 夜を掛く (yo o kaku)
- 夜を籠む (yo o komu)
- 夜半 (yowa)
- 夜を徹する (yo o tessuru)
- 夜を日に継ぐ (yo o hi ni tsugu)
- 小夜 (sayo)
- 千夜 (chiyo)
- 月夜 (tsukiyo), 月夜 (tsukuyo)
- 一夜 (hitoyo)
- 闇夜 (yamiyo)
Korean
Oki-No-Erabu
Kanji
夜 (kun'yomi いぃーる, romaji yīru)
Okinawan
Old Japanese
Etymology 1
Derived from yo1 below, suffixed with an element ru of unclear meaning.[1] Compare 日 (pi1, “day”) → 昼 (pi1ru, “daytime”), which seems to use this same ru element.
Used as a standalone noun but not in compounds.
Noun
夜 (yo1ru) (kana よる)
Derived terms
- 夜昼 (yo1rupi1ru)
Descendants
- Japanese: 夜 (yoru)
Etymology 2
First attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).[1]
Used as both a standalone noun and in compounds.
Noun
夜 (yo1) (kana よ)
Derived terms
Descendants
- Japanese: 夜 (yo)
Etymology 3
Attested in the Hizen-no-kuni Fudoki (c. 739 CE) and in the Man'yōshū (759 CE) as the Eastern Old Japanese variation of yo above.
Noun
夜 (yu) (kana ゆ)
- (regional, Eastern Old Japanese) night, evening
- c. 732-739, Hizen-no-kuni Fudoki (poem 1)
- 志努波羅能意登比賣能古袁佐比登由母為禰弖牟志太夜伊幣爾久太佐牟
- sino1para no2 oto2pi1me1 no2 ko1 wo sa-pi1to2yu mo inetemu sida ya ipe1 ni kudasamu
- Once I've taken her, slept with her a single night―that little lady, the girl from the bamboo brakes―I'll send her down to her home.[4]
- [Note: Some later manuscripts erroneously replace the man'yōgana 袁 (wo) with 素 (⟨so1⟩ → so).]
- c. 732-739, Hizen-no-kuni Fudoki (poem 1)
See also
- 夕 (yupu)
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- Haruo Shirane (2005) Classical Japanese: A Grammar, illustrated edition, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 320
- Donald L. Philippi (2015) Kojiki (Volume 2255 of Princeton Legacy Library), Princeton University Press, →ISBN, pages 106-7
- Helen Craig McCullough (1997), “Combinations of Poetry and Prose in Classical Japanese Narrative”, in Joseph Harris, Ph.D., Joseph Harris, Karl Reichl, editors, Prosimetrum: Crosscultural Perspectives on Narrative in Prose and Verse, illustrated edition, Boydell & Brewer, →ISBN, page 416