阿耨多羅三藐三菩提

See also: 阿耨多罗三藐三菩提

Chinese

		excellent, incomparable, unsurpassed
trad. (阿耨多羅三藐三菩提)		阿耨多羅	三藐三菩提
simp. (阿耨多罗三藐三菩提)		阿耨多罗	三藐三菩提

Etymology

Transliteration of Sanskrit अनुत्तरा सम्यक् सम्बोधि (anuttarā samyak sambodhi).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ānòuduōluó sānmiǎo sānpútí

(Zhuyin): ㄚㄋㄡˋ ㄉㄨㄛㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙㄢㄇㄧㄠˇ ㄙㄢㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄧˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: ānòuduōluó sānmiǎo sānpútí
  - Zhuyin: ㄚㄋㄡˋ ㄉㄨㄛㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙㄢㄇㄧㄠˇ ㄙㄢㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄧˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: anowduoluo sanmeau sanpwutyi
  - IPA ^(key): /ˀä⁵⁵ noʊ̯⁵¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sän⁵⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ sän⁵⁵ pʰu³⁵ tʰi³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ʔɑ nəu^H tɑ lɑ sɑm miᴇu^X sɑm buo d͡ʑiᴇ/▼

Rime
Character	阿	耨	多	羅	三	藐	菩	提
Reading #	1/1	1/2	1/1	1/1	1/2	1/2	1/4	1/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	泥 (8)	端 (5)	來 (37)	心 (16)	明 (4)	並 (3)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)	侯 (137)	歌 (94)	歌 (94)	談 (143)	宵 (91)	模 (23)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Open	Open	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	I	I	I	III	I	III
Fanqie	烏何切	奴豆切	得何切	魯何切	蘇甘切	亡沼切	薄胡切	是支切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɑ/	/nəu^H/	/tɑ/	/lɑ/	/sɑm/	/miᴇu^X/	/buo/	/d͡ʑiᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɑ/	/nəu^H/	/tɑ/	/lɑ/	/sɑm/	/miɛu^X/	/buo/	/d͡ʑiɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɑ/	/nəu^H/	/tɑ/	/lɑ/	/sɑm/	/mjæu^X/	/bo/	/d͡ʑjɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔa/	/nəw^H/	/ta/	/la/	/sam/	/miaw^X/	/bɔ/	/d͡ʑiə̆/
Li Rong	/ʔɑ/	/nu^H/	/tɑ/	/lɑ/	/sɑm/	/miɛu^X/	/bo/	/ʑie/
Wang Li	/ɑ/	/nəu^H/	/tɑ/	/lɑ/	/sɑm/	/mĭɛu^X/	/bu/	/ʑǐe/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɑ/	/nə̯u^H/	/tɑ/	/lɑ/	/sɑm/	/mi̯ɛu^X/	/bʱuo/	/ʑie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ē	nòu	duō	luó	sān	miǎo	pú	chí

Noun

阿耨多羅三藐三菩提

(Buddhism) Anuttarā-samyak-saṃbodhi: the supreme perfect enlightenment
- 406 CE, Lotus Sutra (chapter 25, translation by Kumārajīva)
  佛説是普門品時，眾中八萬四千眾生，皆發無等等，阿耨多羅三藐三菩提心。 [MSC, trad.]
  佛说是普门品时，众中八万四千众生，皆发无等等，阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心。 [MSC, simp.]
  Fóshuì shì pǔménpǐn shí, zhòng zhōng bāwàn sìqiān zhòngshēng, jiē fā wú děngděng, ānòuduōluó sānmiǎo sānpútí xīn. [Pinyin]
  When the Buddha preached this chapter on the Universal Gate, the eighty-four thousand living beings assembled there all generated the aspiration to attain anuttara-samyak-sambodhi.[1]
- 7th century, Heart Sutra (translation by Xuanzang)
  三世諸佛，依般若波羅蜜多故，得阿耨多羅三藐三菩提。 [MSC, trad.]
  三世诸佛，依般若波罗蜜多故，得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提。 [MSC, simp.]
  Sānshì zhū fó, yī bōrě bōluómìduō gù, dé ānòuduōluó sānmiǎo sānpútí. [Pinyin]
  The buddhas of past, present, and future realize unexcelled complete perfect enlightenment by prajna-paramita.[2]

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (阿耨多羅三藐三菩提):

→ Japanese: 阿 (あ)耨 (のく)多 (た)羅 (ら)三藐 (さんみゃく)三 (さん)菩 (ぼ)提 (だい) (anokutara sanmyaku sanbodai)
→ Korean: 아뇩다라 삼막 삼보리 (阿耨多羅三藐三菩提, anyokdara sammak sambori)

References

Hsing Yun (Xingyun); Robert Smitheram (2011) The Universal Gate: A Commentary on Avalokitesvara's Universal Gate Sutra, Buddha's Light Publishing, →ISBN, page 187
Thomas Cleary (1998) The Sutra of Hui-neng, Grand Master of Zen: With Hui-neng's Commentary on the Diamond Sutra, Shambhala Publications, →ISBN, page 104

Japanese

Kanji in this term
阿	耨	多	羅	三	藐	三	菩	提
あ Jinmeiyō	のく Hyōgaiji	た Grade: 2	ら Grade: S	さん Grade: 1	みゃく Hyōgaiji	さん Grade: 1	ぼ Jinmeiyō	だい Grade: 5
on’yomi

Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit अनुत्तरा सम्यक् सम्बोधि (anuttarā samyak sambodhi, “highest perfect awakening”),[1][2][3] via Middle Chinese 阿耨多羅三藐三菩提 (MC ʔɑ nuok̚ tɑ lɑ sɑm mˠʌk̚ sɑm buo dei).

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Goon
- IPA^(key): [a̠no̞kɯ̟ᵝta̠ɾa̠ sã̠mʲːa̠kɯ̟ᵝ sã̠mbo̞da̠i]

Noun

阿耨多羅三藐三菩提 (hiragana あのくたらさんみゃくさんぼだい, rōmaji anokutara sanmyaku sanbodai)

(Buddhism) anuttarā samyak saṃbodhi: the supreme perfect enlightenment
- 7th century, Heart Sutra (translation by Xuanzang)
  三 (さん)世 (ぜ)諸 (しょ)仏 (ぶつ)。依 (え)般 (はん)若 (にゃ)波 (は)羅 (ら)蜜 (みっ)多 (た)故 (こ)。得 (とく)阿 (あ)耨 (のく)多 (た)羅 (ら)三 (さん)藐 (みゃく)三 (さん)菩 (ぼ)提 (だい)。
  Sanze shobutsu, e hannya haramitta ko, toku anokutara sanmyaku sanbodai.
  All Buddhas of past, present, and future rely on prajña paramita and thereby attain unsurpassed, complete, perfect enlightenment[.][4]
- 1018, Wakan Rōeishū (book 2, poem 602; also Shin Kokin Wakashū, book 20, poem 1920, text here)
  阿 (あ)耨 (のく)多 (た)羅 (ら)三 (さん)藐 (みやく)三 (さん)菩 (ぼ)提 (だい)の仏 (ほとけ)たちわが立 (た)つ杣 (そま)に冥 (みやう)加 (が)あらせたまへ
  anokutara sanmyaku sanbodai no hotoke-tachi waga tatsu soma ni myōga arasetamae
  O the Buddhas of unexcelled perfect enlightenment! May you protect the wooded mountains where I stand![5]

See also

悟 (さと)り (satori, “satori, enlightenment”)
三 (さん)藐 (みゃく)三 (さん)菩 (ぼ)提 (だい) (sanmyaku sanbodai, “perfect enlightenment”)

References

1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Brad Warner (2016) Don't Be a Jerk: And Other Practical Advice from Dogen, Japan's Greatest Zen Master — A Radical but Reverent Paraphrasing of Dogen's Treasury of the True Dharma Eye, illustrated edition, New World Library, →ISBN, page 35
Haruhiko Kindaichi; Umeyo Hirano; Mineharu Nakayama (2011) Japanese Language: Learn the Fascinating History and Evolution of the Language Along With Many Useful Japanese Grammar Points, Tuttle Publishing, →ISBN

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