Didymictinae

Didymictinae ("double weasels") is an extinct subfamily of mammals from extinct family Viverravidae, that lived from the early Palaeocene to the middle Eocene in North America and Europe.[2]

Didymictinae
Temporal range: early Paleocene - middle Eocene
skull of Didymictis protenus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Clade: Carnivoramorpha
Superfamily: †Viverravoidea
Family: †Viverravidae
Subfamily: †Didymictinae
Flynn & Galiano, 1982[1]
Type genus
†Didymictis
Cope, 1875
Genera
Synonyms
  • Didymictida (Flynn & Galiano, 1982)
  • Didymictidae (Flynn & Galiano, 1982)

Classification and phylogeny

Classification
  • Subfamily: †Didymictinae (Wortman & Matthew, 1899)
    • Genus: †Bryanictis (MacIntyre, 1966)
      • †Bryanictis microlestes (Simpson, 1935)
      • †Bryanictis paulus (Meehan & Wilson, 2002)
      • †Bryanictis terlinguae (Standhardt, 1986)
    • Genus: †Didymictis (Cope, 1875)
      • †Didymictis altidens (Cope, 1880)
      • †Didymictis dellensis (Dorr, 1952)
      • †Didymictis leptomylus (Cope, 1880)
      • †Didymictis protenus (Cope, 1874)
      • †Didymictis proteus (Polly, 1997)
      • †Didymictis vancleveae (Robinson, 1966)
      • †Didymictis sp. [Erquelinnes, Hainaut, Belgium] (Dollo, 1909)
    • Genus: †Intyrictis (Gingerich & Winkler, 1985)
      • †Intyrictis vanvaleni (MacIntyre, 1966)
    • Genus: †Pristinictis (Fox & Youzwyshyn, 1994)
      • †Pristinictis connata (Fox & Youzwyshyn, 1994)
    • Genus: †Protictis (paraphyletic genus) (Matthew, 1937)
      • †Protictis agastor (Gingerich & Winkler, 1985)
      • †Protictis haydenianus (Cope, 1882)
      • †Protictis minor (Meehan & Wilson, 2002)
      • †Protictis paralus (Holtzman, 1978)
      • †Protictis simpsoni (Meehan & Wilson, 2002)
      • Subgenus: †Protictoides (Flynn & Galiano, 1982)
        • †Protictis aprophatos (Flynn & Galiano, 1982)
    • Genus: †Raphictis (Gingerich & Winkler, 1985)
      • †Raphictis gausion (Gingerich & Winkler, 1985)
      • †Raphictis iota (Scott, 2008)
      • †Raphictis machaera (Rankin, 2009)
      • †Raphictis nanoptexis (Rankin, 2009)
    • Incertae sedis:
      • †"Deltatherium" durini (Van Valen, 1978)

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of subfamily Didymictinae are shown in the following cladogram:[1][3][4][5][6]

 Carnivoramorpha 

Carnivoraformes

 ? 

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 31176)

 ? 

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (USNM 538395)

 ? 

†"Sinopa" insectivorus

 †Viverravidae 
 ? 

†Ravenictis

 ? 

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 50993 & UALVP 50994)

 †Viverravoidea 
 †Viverravidae 

†Orientictis

†Pappictidops

†Preonictis

†Variviverra

†Ictidopappinae

†Viverravinae

 ? 

†Viverravidae sp. (CM 71188 & CM 71189)

 †Didymictinae 
 †Bryanictis 

†Bryanictis microlestes

†Bryanictis paulus

†Bryanictis terlinguae

 †Intyrictis 

†Intyrictis vanvaleni

 †Protictis 

 †Protictis haydenianus 

 †Protictis minor 

 †Protictis simpsoni 

 †Raphictis 

†Raphictis gausion

†Raphictis iota

†Raphictis machaera

†Raphictis nanoptexis

 †Protictis paralus 

 †Protictis agastor 

 †(Protictoides) 

 †Protictis aprophatos 

 †Pristinictis 

†Pristinictis connata

 ? 

†"Deltatherium" durini

 †Didymictis 

†Didymictis dellensis

†Didymictis proteus

 ? 

†Didymictis sp. (Erquelinnes, Hainaut, Belgium)

†Didymictis altidens

†Didymictis leptomylus

†Didymictis protenus

†Didymictis vancleveae

 sensu stricto 
 sensu lato 

See also

References
  1. J. J. Flynn and H. Galiano. (1982.) "Phylogeny of Early Tertiary Carnivora, With a Description of a New Species of Protictis From the Middle Eocene of Northwestern Wyoming" American Museum Novitates 2725:1-64
  2. McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
  3. P. D. Gingerich and D. A. Winkler. (1985.) "Systematics of Paleocene Viverravidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) in the Bighorn Basin and Clark's Fork Basin, Wyoming." Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 27(4):87-128
  4. P. D. Polly. (1997.) "Ancestry and Species Definition in Paleontology: A Stratocladistic Analysis of Paleocene-Eocene Viverravidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from Wyoming." Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 30(1):1-53
  5. Solé, Floréal; Smith, Thierry; De Bast, Eric; Codrea, Vlad; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel (2016). "New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (2): e1082480. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 87537565.
  6. S. Faurby, L. Werdelin, A. Antonelli (2019.) "Dispersal ability predicts evolutionary success among mammalian carnivores" Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE
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