Hyaenodontinae

Hyaenodontinae ("hyena teeth") is an extinct subfamily of predatory placental mammals from extinct family Hyaenodontidae. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from early Eocene to early Miocene deposits in Europe, Asia and North America.[3][4][5]

Hyaenodontinae
Temporal range: Early Eocene to Early Miocene
skull of Hyaenodon horridus
dentary fragment of Propterodon witteri
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: †Hyaenodonta
Superfamily: †Hyaenodontoidea
Family: †Hyaenodontidae
Subfamily: †Hyaenodontinae
Leidy, 1869[1]
Type genus
†Hyaenodon
Laizer & Parieu, 1838
Genera
Synonyms
  • Hyaenodontidae (Leidy, 1869)
  • Hyaenodontini (Van Valen, 1965)[2]

Classification and phylogeny

Taxonomy
  • Subfamily: †Hyaenodontinae (Trouessart, 1885)
    • Genus: †Consobrinus (Lange-Badre, 1979)
      • †Consobrinus quercy (Lange-Badre, 1979)
    • Genus: †Propterodon (paraphyletic genus) (Martin, 1906)
      • †Propterodon morrisi (Matthew & Granger, 1924)
      • †Propterodon paganensis (de Bonis, 2018)
      • †Propterodon tongi (Liu & Huang, 2002)
      • †Propterodon witteri (Zack, 2019)
    • Tribe: †Epipterodontini (Lavrov, 1999)
      • Genus: †Epipterodon (Lavrov, 1999)
        • †Epipterodon hyaenoides (Matthew & Granger, 1925)
      • Genus: †Immanopterodon (Lavrov, 1999)
        • †Immanopterodon acutidens (Lavrov, 1999)
        • †Immanopterodon implacidus (Lavrov, 1999)
    • Tribe: †Hyaenodontini (Leidy, 1869)
      • Genus: †Hyaenodon (Laizer & Parieu, 1838)
        • †Hyaenodon brachyrhynchus (Blainville, 1841)
        • †Hyaenodon chunkhtensis (Dashzeveg, 1985)
        • †Hyaenodon dubius (Filhol, 1873)
        • †Hyaenodon eminus (Matthew & Granger, 1925)
        • †Hyaenodon exiguus (Gervais, 1873)
        • †Hyaenodon filholi (Schlosser, 1887)
        • †Hyaenodon gervaisi (Martin, 1906)
        • †Hyaenodon heberti (Filhol, 1876)
        • †Hyaenodon leptorhynchus (Laizer & Parieu, 1838)
        • †Hyaenodon minor (Lange-Badré, 1979)
        • †Hyaenodon pervagus (Matthew & Granger, 1924)
        • †Hyaenodon pumilus (Lavrov, 1999)
        • †Hyaenodon requieni (Gervais, 1846)
        • †Hyaenodon rossignoli (Lange-Badré, 1979)
        • †Hyaenodon weilini (Wang, 2005)
        • †Hyaenodon yuanchuensis (Young, 1937)
        • Subgenus: †Neohyaenodon (paraphyletic subgenus) (Thorpe, 1922)
          • †Hyaenodon gigas (Dashzeveg, 1985)
          • †Hyaenodon horridus (Leidy, 1853)
          • †Hyaenodon incertus (Dashzeveg, 1985)
          • †Hyaenodon macrocephalus (Lavrov, 1999)
          • †Hyaenodon megaloides (Mellett, 1977)
          • †Hyaenodon milvinus (Lavrov, 1999)
          • †Hyaenodon mongoliensis (Dashzeveg, 1964)
          • †Hyaenodon montanus (Douglass, 1902)
          • †Hyaenodon vetus (Stock, 1933)
        • Subgenus: †Protohyaenodon (paraphyletic subgenus) (Stock, 1933)
          • †Hyaenodon brevirostrus (Macdonald, 1970)
          • †Hyaenodon crucians (Leidy, 1853)
          • †Hyaenodon microdon (Mellett, 1977)
          • †Hyaenodon mustelinus (Scott, 1894)
          • †Hyaenodon raineyi (Gustafson, 1986)
          • †Hyaenodon venturae (Mellett, 1977)

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of subfamily Hyaenodontinae are shown in the following cladogram:[6][7][8][9][10]

 †Hyaenodontidae 

†Paracynohyaenodon

†Quercytherium

†Cynohyaenodon lautricensis

†Cynohyaenodon cayluxi

†Cynohyaenodon ruetimeyeri

†Cynohyaenodon trux

 †Cynohyaenodon

†Cynohyaenodon smithae

†Boritia

 ? 

†Protoproviverra

 ? 

†Praecodens

†Leonhardtina

†Preregidens

†Cartierodon

†Prodissopsalis

 ? 

†Paenoxyaenoides

†Eurotherium theriodis

†Eurotherium mapplethorpei

 †Eurotherium

†Eurotherium matthesi

†Alienetherium

†Matthodon

†Oxyaenoidinae

 ? 

†Neosinopa

 †Hyaenodontinae 
 †Consobrinus 

†Consobrinus quercy

 ? 

†Propterodon morrisi

†Propterodon sp. (ZIN no. 34494)

†Propterodon paganensis

†Propterodon tongi

†Propterodon witteri

 †Epipterodontini 
 †Immanopterodon 

†Immanopterodon acutidens

†Immanopterodon implacidus

 †Epipterodon 

†Epipterodon hyaenoides

 †Hyaenodontini 
 †Hyaenodon 

†Hyaenodon chunkhtensis

†Hyaenodon eminus

 †Hyaenodon venturae 

 (†Protohyaenodon) 

†Hyaenodon pumilus

†Hyaenodon filholi

 †Hyaenodon microdon 

 †Hyaenodon raineyi 

 †Hyaenodon mustelinus 

 †Hyaenodon brevirostrus 

 †Hyaenodon crucians 

†Hyaenodon yuanchuensis

†Hyaenodon brachyrhynchus

†Hyaenodon gervaisi

†Hyaenodon requieni

†Hyaenodon minor

†Hyaenodon dubius

†Hyaenodon leptorhynchus

†Hyaenodon exiguus

†Hyaenodon sp. (Ergiliyn Dzo)

†Hyaenodon pervagus

†Hyaenodon rossignoli

†Hyaenodon horridus

†Hyaenodon megaloides

†Hyaenodon montanus

†Hyaenodon vetus

†Hyaenodon macrocephalus

†Hyaenodon milvinus

†Hyaenodon gigas

†Hyaenodon incertus

†Hyaenodon mongoliensis

†Hyaenodon heberti

†Hyaenodon weilini
†Cynohyaenodon/Quercytherium clade
†Leonhardtina clade
†Eurotherium clade
†Matthodon clade
†Oxyaenoides clade
†Propterodon

See also

References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hyaenodontinae.
Wikispecies has information related to Hyaenodontinae.
  1. Leidy J. (1869.) "On the extinct Mammalia of Dakota and Nebraska: including an account of some allied forms from other localities, together with a synopsis of the mammalian remains of North America." Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia 7: 1–472.
  2. Van Valen, Leigh (1965). "Some European Proviverrini (Mammalia, Deltatheridia)" (PDF). Palaeontology. 8: 638–665.
  3. McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
  4. Solé, F.; Falconnet, J.; Yves, L. (2014). "New proviverrines (Hyaenodontida) from the early Eocene of Europe; phylogeny and ecological evolution of the Proviverrinae". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 171 (4): 878–917. doi:10.1111/zoj.12155.
  5. Floréal Solé; Bastien Mennecart (2019). "A large hyaenodont from the Lutetian of Switzerland expands the body mass range of the European mammalian predators during the Eocene". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 64 (2): 275–290. doi:10.4202/app.00581.2018.
  6. Borths, Matthew R; Stevens, Nancy J (2017). "Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)". Palaeontologia Electronica. 20 (3): 55A. doi:10.26879/776.
  7. Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2019). "Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1): e1570222. Bibcode:2019JVPal..39E0222B. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222. S2CID 145972918.
  8. Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). "The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian". Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185–214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13.
  9. Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). "New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene". Geobios. 66–67: 119–141. Bibcode:2021Geobi..66..119S. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004. S2CID 234848856.
  10. Averianov, Alexander; Obraztsova, Ekaterina; Danilov, Igor; Jin, Jian-Hua (2023). "A new hypercarnivorous hyaenodont from the Eocene of South China". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 11. doi:10.3389/fevo.2023.1076819. ISSN 2296-701X.
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