Gracilocyon

Gracilocyon ("gracile dog") is an extinct paraphyletic genus of placental mammals from clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in North America and Europe from late Paleocene to early Eocene.[1]

Gracilocyon
Temporal range: late Paleocene to early Eocene
teeth of Gracilocyon solei
teeth and lower jaw fragment of
Gracilocyon winkleri
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Clade: Pan-Carnivora
Clade: Carnivoramorpha
Clade: Carnivoraformes
Genus: †Gracilocyon
Smith & Smith, 2010[1]
Type species
†Gracilocyon winkleri
Gingerich, 1983
Species
  • †G. igniculus (Beard & Dawson, 2009)[2]
  • †G. rosei (Heinrich, 2008)[3]
  • †G. rundlei (Hooker, 2010)[4]
  • †G. solei (Smith & Smith, 2010)[1]
  • †G. winkleri (Gingerich, 1983)[5]
Synonyms
synonyms of genus:
  • Grucihcyon (Smith & Smith, 2010)[1]
synonyms of species:
  • G. igniculus:
    • Miacis igniculus (Beard & Dawson, 2009)
  • G. rosei:
    • Miacis rosei (Heinrich, 2008)
  • G. rundlei:
    • Miacis rundlei (Hooker, 2010)
  • G. solei:
    • Miacis solei (Smith & Smith, 2010)
  • G. winkleri:
    • Grucihcyon winkleri (Smith & Smith, 2010)[1]
    • Miacis winkleri (Gingerich, 1983)

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of genus Gracilocyon are shown in the following cladogram:[6][7][8][9]

 Carnivoramorpha 
 †Viverravidae 

†Viverravoidea

 ? 

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 50993 & UALVP 50994)

 ? 

†Ravenictis

 sensu lato 
 ? 

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 31176)

 ? 

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (USNM 538395)

 ? 

†"Sinopa" insectivorus

 Carnivoraformes 
 Clade "B" 

†Eogale

†"Miacis" sp. (CM 67873 & CM 77299)

†Gracilocyon igniculus

†Gracilocyon winkleri

†Gracilocyon solei

 †Gracilocyon

†Gracilocyon sp. (Jibou, Romania)

†Gracilocyon rosei

†Gracilocyon rundlei

†Paramiacis

†Paroodectes

 †Oodectes jepseni 

 †Oodectes 

 †Oodectes herpestoides 

 †Oodectes proximus 

 †Oodectes pugnax 

 †Uintacyon hookeri 

 †Uintacyon rudis 

 †Uintacyon 

 †Uintacyon massetericus 

 †Uintacyon vorax 

 †Uintacyon asodes 

 †Uintacyon edax 

 †Uintacyon acutus 

 †Uintacyon jugulans 

 †Uintacyon gingerichi 

†Xinyuictis

†Zodiocyon

†Miocyon

†Simamphicyon

 †Uintacyon sp. (USGS 1983) 

†Messelogale

†Quercygalidae

 Clade "C" 

†Palaearctonyx

 (†Phlaodectes) 

†Vulpavus ovatus

†Vulpavus profectus

†Vulpavus australis

†Vulpavus canavus

†Vulpavus completus

 †Vulpavus

†Vulpavus farsonensis

†Vulpavus palustris

†Vassacyon

†Dormaalocyon

†"Miacis" exiguus

†"Miacis" deutschi

†Africtis

 ? 

†Carnivoraformes undet. Genus B

†Dawsonicyon

†"Miacis" boqinghensis

†"Miacis" hookwayi

†"Miacis" latidens

†"Miacis" petilus

 ? 

†Carnivoraformes undet. Genus A

†Miacis

 Clade "D" 

†Lycarion

†"Miacis" hargeri

 ? 

†Ceruttia

†"Miacis" invictus

†"Miacis" lushiensis

†Neovulpavus

†Harpalodon

†Procynodictis

†Prodaphaenus

 ? 

†Walshius

†"Miacis" gracilis

†Tapocyon

Carnivora (sensu stricto)

†Gracilocyon/Oodectes
clade
†Vulpavus clade
 (Carnivora [sensu lato]) 

See also

References
  1. Thierry Smith; Richard Smith (2010). "A new genus of 'miacid' carnivoran from the earliest Eocene of Europe and North America". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 55 (4): 761–764. doi:10.4202/app.2009.0125. S2CID 12610422.
  2. K. Christopher Beard; Mary R. Dawson (2009). "Early Wasatchian Mammals of the Red Hot Local Fauna, Uppermost Tuscahoma Formation, Lauderdale County, Mississippi". Annals of Carnegie Museum. 78 (3): 193–243. doi:10.2992/007.078.0301. S2CID 86281527.
  3. Heinrich, R. E.; Strait, S. G.; Houde, P. (2008). "Earliest Eocene Miacidae (Mammalia: Carnivora) from northwestern Wyoming". Journal of Paleontology. 82 (1): 154–162. Bibcode:2008JPal...82..154H. doi:10.1666/05-118.1. S2CID 35030667.
  4. Jerry J. Hooker (2010). ""The mammal fauna of the early Eocene Blackheath Formation of Abbey Wood, London"". Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society. Palaeontographical Society. 164 (634): 1–162. doi:10.1080/25761900.2022.12131814. ISSN 0269-3445. S2CID 250702284.
  5. P. D. Gingerich (1983) "Systematics of Early Eocene Miacidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) in the Clark's Fork Basin, Wyoming." Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 26(10):197-225
  6. Flynn, John J.; Finarelli, John A.; Spaulding, Michelle (2010). "Phylogeny of the Carnivora and Carnivoramorpha, and the use of the fossil record to enhance understanding of evolutionary transformations". In Goswami, Anjali; Friscia, Anthony (eds.). Carnivoran evolution. New views on phylogeny, form and function. Cambridge University Press. pp. 25–63. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139193436.003. ISBN 9781139193436.
  7. Solé, Floréal; Smith, Richard; Coillot, Tiphaine; de Bast, Eric; Smith, Thierry (2014). "Dental and tarsal anatomy of Miacis latouri and a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (1): 1–21. Bibcode:2014JVPal..34....1S. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.793195. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 86207013.
  8. Solé, Floréal; Smith, Thierry; De Bast, Eric; Codrea, Vlad; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel (2016). "New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (2): e1082480. Bibcode:2016JVPal..36E2480S. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 87537565.
  9. Tomiya, S.; Zack, S. P.; Spaulding, M.; Flynn, J. J. (2021). "Carnivorous mammals from the middle Eocene Washakie Formation, Wyoming, USA, and their diversity trajectory in a post-warming world". Journal of Paleontology. 95 (Supplement S82): 1–115. Bibcode:2021JPal...95S...1T. doi:10.1017/jpa.2020.74. hdl:2433/274918. S2CID 232358160.
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