Palaearctonyx

Palaearctonyx ("ancient bear's claw") is an extinct genus of omnivorous placental mammals from clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in North America from early to middle Eocene.[2][3][4][5]

Palaearctonyx
Temporal range: early to middle Eocene
part of upper jaw of
Palaearctonyx meadi
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Clade: Pan-Carnivora
Clade: Carnivoramorpha
Clade: Carnivoraformes
Genus: Palaearctonyx
Matthew, 1909[1]
Type species
Palaearctonyx meadi
Matthew, 1909

Classification and phylogeny

Classification

Palaearctonyx was named by Matthew in 1909 and it was assigned to family Miacidae. Later, it was assigned to Caniformia by Flynn and Galiano in 1982,[6] and than back to Miacidae by Flynn in 1998.[4] From 2010 and later, this genus was assigned to clade Carnivoraformes.[7][8][9]

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of genus Palaearctonyx are shown in the following cladogram:[7][8][9][10]

 Carnivoramorpha 
 Viverravidae 

Viverravoidea

 ? 

Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 50993 & UALVP 50994)

 ? 

Ravenictis

 sensu lato 
 ? 

Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 31176)

 ? 

Carnivoramorpha sp. (USNM 538395)

 ? 

"Sinopa" insectivorus

 Carnivoraformes 
 Clade "B" 

Eogale

"Miacis" sp. (CM 67873 & CM 77299)

Gracilocyon igniculus

Gracilocyon winkleri

Gracilocyon solei

Gracilocyon

Gracilocyon sp. (Jibou, Romania)

Gracilocyon rosei

Gracilocyon rundlei

Paramiacis

Paroodectes

 Oodectes jepseni 

 Oodectes 

 Oodectes herpestoides 

 Oodectes proximus 

 Oodectes pugnax 

 Uintacyon hookeri 

 Uintacyon rudis 

 Uintacyon 

 Uintacyon massetericus 

 Uintacyon vorax 

 Uintacyon asodes 

 Uintacyon edax 

 Uintacyon acutus 

 Uintacyon jugulans 

 Uintacyon gingerichi 

Xinyuictis

Zodiocyon

Miocyon

Simamphicyon

 Uintacyon sp. (USGS 1983) 

Messelogale

Quercygalidae

 Clade "C" 
 Palaearctonyx 

Palaearctonyx meadi

 (†Phlaodectes) 

Vulpavus ovatus

Vulpavus profectus

Vulpavus australis

Vulpavus canavus

Vulpavus completus

Vulpavus

Vulpavus farsonensis

Vulpavus palustris

Vassacyon

Dormaalocyon

"Miacis" exiguus

"Miacis" deutschi

Africtis

 ? 

Carnivoraformes undet. Genus B

Dawsonicyon

"Miacis" boqinghensis

"Miacis" hookwayi

"Miacis" latidens

"Miacis" petilus

 ? 

Carnivoraformes undet. Genus A

Miacis

 Clade "D" 

Lycarion

"Miacis" hargeri

 ? 

Ceruttia

"Miacis" invictus

"Miacis" lushiensis

Neovulpavus

Harpalodon

Procynodictis

Prodaphaenus

 ? 

Walshius

"Miacis" gracilis

Tapocyon

Carnivora (sensu stricto)

Gracilocyon/Oodectes clade
Vulpavus clade
 (Carnivora [sensu lato]) 

See also

References

  1. W. D. Matthew (1909) "The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene." Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 9:289-567
  2. J. J. Hooker (1986.) "Mammals from the Bartonian (middle/late Eocene) of the Hampshire Basin, southern England." Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 39(4):191-478
  3. McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
  4. J. J. Flynn (1998.) "Early Cenozoic Carnivora ("Miacoidea")." In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.) "Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America. Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulatelike Mammals." Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 9780521355193
  5. "PBDB". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2021-07-08.
  6. Flynn, John J.; Galiano, Henry (1982). "Phylogeny of Early Tertiary Carnivora, With a Description of a New Species of Protictis From the Middle Eocene of Northwestern Wyoming". American Museum Novitates (2725): 1–64. hdl:2246/5338.
  7. Flynn, John J.; Finarelli, John A.; Spaulding, Michelle (2010). "Phylogeny of the Carnivora and Carnivoramorpha, and the use of the fossil record to enhance understanding of evolutionary transformations". In Goswami, Anjali; Friscia, Anthony (eds.). Carnivoran evolution. New views on phylogeny, form and function. Cambridge University Press. pp. 25–63. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139193436.003. ISBN 9781139193436.
  8. Solé, Floréal; Smith, Richard; Coillot, Tiphaine; de Bast, Eric; Smith, Thierry (2014). "Dental and tarsal anatomy of Miacis latouri and a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (1): 1–21. Bibcode:2014JVPal..34....1S. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.793195. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 86207013.
  9. Solé, Floréal; Smith, Thierry; De Bast, Eric; Codrea, Vlad; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel (2016). "New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (2): e1082480. Bibcode:2016JVPal..36E2480S. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 87537565.
  10. Tomiya, S.; Zack, S. P.; Spaulding, M.; Flynn, J. J. (2021). "Carnivorous mammals from the middle Eocene Washakie Formation, Wyoming, USA, and their diversity trajectory in a post-warming world". Journal of Paleontology. 95 (Supplement S82): 1–115. Bibcode:2021JPal...95S...1T. doi:10.1017/jpa.2020.74.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.