Miocyon

Miocyon ("lesser dog") is an extinct genus of placental mammals from clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in North America from early to late Eocene.[9][10][11]

Not to be confused with Maocyon or Myacyon.

Miocyon
Temporal range: early to late Eocene
lower jaw of Miocyon major
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Clade: Pan-Carnivora
Clade: Carnivoramorpha
Clade: Carnivoraformes
Genus: †Miocyon
Matthew, 1909
Type species
†Miocyon scotti
Wortman & Matthew, 1899
Species
  • †M. bathygnathus (Scott, 1888)[1]
  • †M. magnus (Bryant, 1992)[2]
  • †M. major (Matthew, 1909)[3]
  • †M. scotti (Wortman & Matthew, 1899)[4]
  • †M. vallisrubrae (Friscia & Rasmussen, 2010)[5]
Synonyms
synonyms of species:
  • M. bathygnathus:
    • Miacis bathygnathus (Scott, 1888)
    • Uintacyon bathygnathus (Matthew, 1909)
  • M. major:
    • Uintacyon major (Matthew, 1909)
  • M. scotti:
    • Amphicyon vulpinum (Scott & Osborn, 1887)
    • Amphicyon vulpinus (Scott & Osborn, 1887)
    • Miacis vulpinus (Matthew, 1909)
    • Prodaphaenus scotti (Scott & Osborn, 1887)[6]
    • Uintacyon scotti (Matthew, 1909)
    • Uintacyon vulpinus (Hay, 1902)[7]
  • M. vallisrubrae:
    • Uintacyon scotti (Gustafson, 1986)[8]

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of genus Miocyon are shown in the following cladogram:[12][13][14][15]

 Carnivoramorpha 
 †Viverravidae 

†Viverravoidea

 ? 

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 50993 & UALVP 50994)

 ? 

†Ravenictis

 sensu lato 
 ? 

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 31176)

 ? 

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (USNM 538395)

 ? 

†"Sinopa" insectivorus

 Carnivoraformes 
 Clade "B" 

†Eogale

†"Miacis" sp. (CM 67873 & CM 77299)

†Gracilocyon igniculus

†Gracilocyon winkleri

†Gracilocyon solei

 †Gracilocyon

†Gracilocyon sp. (Jibou, Romania)

†Gracilocyon rosei

†Gracilocyon rundlei

†Paramiacis

†Paroodectes

 †Oodectes jepseni 

 †Oodectes 

 †Oodectes herpestoides 

 †Oodectes proximus 

 †Oodectes pugnax 

 †Uintacyon hookeri 

 †Uintacyon rudis 

 †Uintacyon 

 †Uintacyon massetericus 

 †Uintacyon vorax 

 †Uintacyon asodes 

 †Uintacyon edax 

 †Uintacyon acutus 

 †Uintacyon jugulans 

 †Uintacyon gingerichi 

†Xinyuictis

†Zodiocyon

†Simamphicyon

 †Miocyon 

†Miocyon bathygnathus

†Miocyon major

†Miocyon vallisrubrae

†Miocyon magnus

†Miocyon scotti

 †Uintacyon sp. (USGS 1983) 

†Messelogale

†Quercygalidae

 Clade "C" 

†Palaearctonyx

 (†Phlaodectes) 

†Vulpavus ovatus

†Vulpavus profectus

†Vulpavus australis

†Vulpavus canavus

†Vulpavus completus

 †Vulpavus

†Vulpavus farsonensis

†Vulpavus palustris

†Vassacyon

†Dormaalocyon

†"Miacis" exiguus

†"Miacis" deutschi

†Africtis

 ? 

†Carnivoraformes undet. Genus B

†Dawsonicyon

†"Miacis" boqinghensis

†"Miacis" hookwayi

†"Miacis" latidens

†"Miacis" petilus

 ? 

†Carnivoraformes undet. Genus A

†Miacis

 Clade "D" 

†Lycarion

†"Miacis" hargeri

 ? 

†Ceruttia

†"Miacis" invictus

†"Miacis" lushiensis

†Neovulpavus

†Harpalodon

†Procynodictis

†Prodaphaenus

 ? 

†Walshius

†"Miacis" gracilis

†Tapocyon

Carnivora (sensu stricto)

†Gracilocyon/Oodectes clade
†Vulpavus clade
 (Carnivora [sensu lato]) 

See also

References
  1. W. B. Scott (1888) "On some new and little know creodonts." Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 9:155-185
  2. H. N. Bryant. (1992) "The Carnivora of the Lac Pelletier Lower Fauna (Eocene Duchesnean), Cypress Hills Formation, Saskatchewan." Journal of Paleontology 66(5):847-855
  3. W. D. Matthew (1909) "The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene." Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 9:289-567
  4. J. L. Wortman and W. D. Matthew (1899) "The ancestry of certain members of the Canidae, the Viverridae, and Procyonidae." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 12(6):109-138
  5. Anthony R. Friscia and D. Tab Rassmussen (2010) „Middle Eocene Carnivoramorpha of the Uinta Basin, Utah”. Annals of Carnegie Museum, vol. 79 (1), pp. 51-63
  6. W. B. Scott and H. F. Osborn (1887.) "Preliminary Report on the Vertebrate Fossils of the Uinta Formation, Collected by the Princeton Expedition of 1886." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 24(126):255-264
  7. O. P. Hay (1902) "Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America." Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179:1-868
  8. E. P. Gustafson (1986) "Carnivorous mammals of the Late Eocene and Early Oligocene of Trans-Pecos Texas." Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin 33:1-66
  9. McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 9–10. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
  10. J. J. Flynn (1998.) "Early Cenozoic Carnivora ("Miacoidea")." In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.) "Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America. Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulatelike Mammals." Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 9780521355193
  11. Tomiya, Susumu; Tseng, Zhijie Jack (2016). "Whence the beardogs? Reappraisal of the Middle to Late Eocene 'Miacis' from Texas, USA, and the origin of Amphicyonidae (Mammalia, Carnivora)". Royal Society Open Science. 3 (10): 160518. Bibcode:2016RSOS....3p0518T. doi:10.1098/rsos.160518. ISSN 2054-5703. PMC 5098994. PMID 27853569.
  12. Flynn, John J.; Finarelli, John A.; Spaulding, Michelle (2010). "Phylogeny of the Carnivora and Carnivoramorpha, and the use of the fossil record to enhance understanding of evolutionary transformations". In Goswami, Anjali; Friscia, Anthony (eds.). Carnivoran evolution. New views on phylogeny, form and function. Cambridge University Press. pp. 25–63. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139193436.003. ISBN 9781139193436.
  13. Solé, Floréal; Smith, Richard; Coillot, Tiphaine; de Bast, Eric; Smith, Thierry (2014). "Dental and tarsal anatomy of Miacis latouri and a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (1): 1–21. Bibcode:2014JVPal..34....1S. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.793195. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 86207013.
  14. Solé, Floréal; Smith, Thierry; De Bast, Eric; Codrea, Vlad; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel (2016). "New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (2): e1082480. Bibcode:2016JVPal..36E2480S. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 87537565.
  15. Tomiya, S.; Zack, S. P.; Spaulding, M.; Flynn, J. J. (2021). "Carnivorous mammals from the middle Eocene Washakie Formation, Wyoming, USA, and their diversity trajectory in a post-warming world". Journal of Paleontology. 95 (Supplement S82): 1–115. Bibcode:2021JPal...95S...1T. doi:10.1017/jpa.2020.74. hdl:2433/274918. S2CID 232358160.
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