Viverravus

Viverravus ("ancestor of Viverra") is an extinct genus of placental mammals from extinct subfamily Viverravinae within extinct family Viverravidae, that lived in North America, Europe and Asia from the middle Paleocene to middle Eocene.[6][7][8]

Viverravus
Temporal range: Middle Paleocene to Middle Eocene[1]
skull of Viverravus minutus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Superfamily: †Viverravoidea
Family: †Viverravidae
Subfamily: †Viverravinae
Genus: †Viverravus
Marsh, 1872[2]
Type species
†Viverravus gracilis
Marsh, 1872
Species
[see classification]
Synonyms
synonyms of genus:
  • Triacodon (Marsh, 1871)[3]
  • Xiphacodon (Schlosser, 1890)
  • Ziphacodon (Marsh, 1872)
synonyms of species:
  • V. gracilis:
    • Didymictis dawkinsianus (Cope, 1881)[4]
    • Harpalodon vulpinus (Marsh, 1872)
    • Triacodon fallax (Marsh, 1871)
    • Viverravus dawkinsianus (Cope, 1881)
    • Viverravus nitidus (Marsh, 1872)
    • Viverravus vulpinus (Marsh, 1872)
    • Ziphacodon ugatus (Marsh, 1872)
    • Ziphacodon rugatus (Marsh, 1872)
  • V. laytoni:
    • Protictis laytoni (Gingerich & Winkler, 1985)
    • Viverravus bowni (Gingerich, 1987)[5]
  • V. politus:
    • Protictis schaffi (Gingerich & Winkler, 1985)
    • Viverravus schaffi (Gingerich & Winkler, 1985)

Classification and phylogeny

Taxonomy
Genus: †Viverravus (Marsh, 1872)
Species:Distribution of the species and type locality:Age:
†V. acutus (Matthew & Granger, 1915)[9]  USA (Colorado and Wyoming) 56.2 - 50.5 Ma
†V. gracilis (Marsh, 1872)[2]  USA 54.9 - 46.2 Ma
†V. lawsoni (Hooker, 2010)[10]  UK (Abbey Wood, Blackheath Beds Formation in Greater London) 56.0 - 55.2 Ma
†V. laytoni (Gingerich & Winkler, 1985)[11]  Canada (Alberta)
 USA (Princeton Quarry, Fort Union Formation, Clark's Fork Basin in Wyoming)		 60.9 - 54.9 Ma
†V. lutosus (Gazin, 1952)[12]  USA
  • Colorado
  • Knight Formation in Wyoming
 54.9 - 46.2 Ma
†V. minutus (Wortman, 1901)[13]  USA (Colorado, Nevada, Utah and Wyoming) 54.9 - 39.7 Ma
†V. politus (Matthew & Granger, 1915)  USA (Colorado and Wyoming) 60.9 - 50.5 Ma
†V. rosei (Polly, 1997)[14]  USA (Wyoming) 56.2 - 50.5 Ma
†V. sicarius (Matthew, 1909)[15]  USA:
  • Colorado
  • Utah
  • Bridger Formation in Wyoming
 50.5 - 39.7 Ma
†V. sp. [V11141] (Meng, 1998)[16]  China (Inner Mongolia) 42.0 - 39.9 Ma
†V. sp. [Locality Group 2, Washakie Basin, Wyoming] (Tomiya, 2021)[17]  USA (Wyoming) 47.0 - 46.2 Ma

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of genus Viverravus are shown in the following cladogram:[18][11][14][19]

 Carnivoramorpha 

Carnivoraformes

 ? 

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 31176)

 ? 

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (USNM 538395)

 ? 

†"Sinopa" insectivorus

 †Viverravidae 
 ? 

†Ravenictis

 ? 

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 50993 & UALVP 50994)

 †Viverravoidea 
 †Viverravidae 

†Orientictis

†Pappictidops

†Preonictis

†Variviverra

†Ictidopappinae

†Didymictinae

 ? 

†Viverravidae sp. (CM 71188 & CM 71189)

 †Viverravinae 

†Simpsonictis

†Viverriscus

 †Viverravus 

†Viverravus lawsoni

†Viverravus politus

 ? 

†Viverravus sp. (V11141)

†Viverravus laytoni

†Viverravus acutus

†Viverravus rosei

†Viverravus gracilis

†Viverravus lutosus

†Viverravus minutus

†Viverravus sicarius

†Viverravus sp. (Locality Group 2, Washakie Basin, Wyoming)

 sensu stricto 
 sensu lato 

See also

References
  1. "Viverravus". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2021-07-08.
  2. O. C. Marsh (1872.) "Preliminary description of new Tertiary mammals. Part I." American Journal of Science 4(20):122-128
  3. O. C. Marsh (1871.) "Notice of some new fossil mammals and birds from the Tertiary formation of the West." American Journal of Science 2(8):120-127
  4. E. D. Cope (1881.) "On the Vertebrata of the Wind River Eocene beds of Wyoming." Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey 6(1):183-202
  5. P. D. Gingerich. (1987.) "Early Eocene bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) and other vertebrates in freshwater limestones of the Willlwood Formation, Clark's Fork Basin, Wyoming." Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 27(11):275-320
  6. McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
  7. J. J. Flynn (1998.) "Early Cenozoic Carnivora ("Miacoidea")." In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.) "Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America. Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulatelike Mammals." Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-35519-2
  8. Viverravus in Fossil Works / Paleodb.org
  9. W. D. Matthew and W. Granger (1915.) "A revision of the Lower Eocene Wasatch and Wind River faunas." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34(1):1-103
  10. Jerry J. Hooker (2010). ""The mammal fauna of the early Eocene Blackheath Formation of Abbey Wood, London"". Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society. Palaeontographical Society. 164 (634): 1–162. doi:10.1080/25761900.2022.12131814. ISSN 0269-3445. S2CID 250702284.
  11. P. D. Gingerich and D. A. Winkler (1985.) "Systematics of Paleocene Viverravidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) in the Bighorn Basin and Clark's Fork Basin, Wyoming." Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 27(4):87-128
  12. C. L. Gazin (1952.) "The Lower Eocene Knight Formation Of Western Wyoming and Its Mammalian Faunas." Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 117(18):1-82
  13. J. L. Wortman (1901.) "Studies of Eocene Mammalia in the Marsh Collection, Peabody Museum." The American Journal of Science, series 4 12:193-206
  14. P. D. Polly (1997.) "Ancestry and Species Definition in Paleontology: A Stratocladistic Analysis of Paleocene-Eocene Viverravidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from Wyoming." Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 30(1):1-53
  15. W. D. Matthew (1909.) "The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene." Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 9:289-567
  16. J. Meng, R. J. Zhai and A. R. Wyss (1998.) "The late Paleocene Bayan Ulan fauna of Inner Mongolia, China." Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 34:148-185
  17. Tomiya, S.; Zack, S. P.; Spaulding, M.; Flynn, J. J. (2021). "Carnivorous mammals from the middle Eocene Washakie Formation, Wyoming, USA, and their diversity trajectory in a post-warming world". Journal of Paleontology. 95 (Supplement S82): 1–115. doi:10.1017/jpa.2020.74. S2CID 232358160.
  18. Flynn, John J.; Galiano, Henry (1982). "Phylogeny of Early Tertiary Carnivora, With a Description of a New Species of Protictis From the Middle Eocene of Northwestern Wyoming". American Museum Novitates (2725): 1–64. hdl:2246/5338.
  19. S. Faurby, L. Werdelin, A. Antonelli (2019.) "Dispersal ability predicts evolutionary success among mammalian carnivores" Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE
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