Viverravinae

Viverravinae ("ancestors of viverrids") is an extinct subfamily of mammals from extinct family Viverravidae, that lived from the early Palaeocene to the middle Eocene in North America, Asia and Europe.[3]

This article is about an extinct subfamily of mammals. For the extant subfamily, see Viverrinae.

Viverravinae
Temporal range: early Paleocene – middle Eocene
skull of Viverravus minutus
lower jaw of Simpsonictis tenuis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Clade: Carnivoramorpha
Superfamily: †Viverravoidea
Family: †Viverravidae
Subfamily: †Viverravinae
Wortman & Matthew, 1899[1]
Type genus
†Viverravus
Marsh, 1872
Genera
Synonyms
  • Viverravidae (Wortman & Matthew, 1899)
  • Viverravina (Kalandadze & Rautian, 1992)[2]
  • Viverravini (Kalandadze & Rautian, 1992)

Classification and phylogeny

Classification
  • Subfamily: †Viverravinae (Wortman & Matthew, 1899)
    • Genus: †Simpsonictis (MacIntyre, 1962)
      • †Simpsonictis jaynanneae (Rigby, 1980)
      • †Simpsonictis pegus (Gingerich & Winkler, 1985)
      • †Simpsonictis tenuis (Simpson, 1935)
    • Genus: †Viverravus (Marsh, 1872)
      • †Viverravus acutus (Matthew & Granger, 1915)
      • †Viverravus gracilis (Marsh, 1872)
      • †Viverravus lawsoni (Hooker, 2010)
      • †Viverravus laytoni (Gingerich & Winkler, 1985)
      • †Viverravus lutosus (Gazin, 1952)
      • †Viverravus minutus (Wortman, 1901)
      • †Viverravus politus (Matthew & Granger, 1915)
      • †Viverravus rosei (Polly, 1997)
      • †Viverravus sicarius (Matthew, 1909)
      • †Viverravus sp. [V11141] (Meng, 1998)
      • †Viverravus sp. [Locality Group 2, Washakie Basin, Wyoming] (Tomiya, 2021)
    • Genus: †Viverriscus (Beard & Dawson, 2009)
      • †Viverriscus omnivorus (Beard & Dawson, 2009)

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of subfamily Viverravinae are shown in the following cladogram:[4][5][6][7][8]

 Carnivoramorpha 

Carnivoraformes

 ? 

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 31176)

 ? 

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (USNM 538395)

 ? 

†"Sinopa" insectivorus

 †Viverravidae 
 ? 

†Ravenictis

 ? 

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 50993 & UALVP 50994)

 †Viverravoidea 
 †Viverravidae 

†Orientictis

†Pappictidops

†Preonictis

†Variviverra

†Ictidopappinae

†Didymictinae

 ? 

†Viverravidae sp. (CM 71188 & CM 71189)

 †Viverravinae 
 †Simpsonictis 

†Simpsonictis jaynanneae

†Simpsonictis pegus

†Simpsonictis tenuis

 †Viverriscus 

†Viverriscus omnivorus

 †Viverravus 

†Viverravus lawsoni

†Viverravus politus

 ? 

†Viverravus sp. [V11141]

†Viverravus laytoni

†Viverravus acutus

†Viverravus rosei

†Viverravus gracilis

†Viverravus lutosus

†Viverravus minutus

†Viverravus sicarius

†Viverravus sp. (Locality Group 2, Washakie Basin, Wyoming)

 sensu stricto 
 sensu lato 

See also

References
  1. Wortman, J. L.; Matthew, W. D. (1899). "The ancestry of certain members of the Canidae, Viverridae, and Procyonidae". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 12: 109–138. hdl:2246/1535. OCLC 46687698.
  2. Kalandadze, N. N. and S. A. Rautian (1992.) "Systema mlekopitayushchikh i istorygeskaya zoogeographei [The system of mammals and historical zoogeography]." Sbornik Trudov Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Moskovskogo Goschdarstvennoro Universiteta 29:44–152.
  3. McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
  4. J. J. Flynn and H. Galiano. (1982.) "Phylogeny of Early Tertiary Carnivora, With a Description of a New Species of Protictis From the Middle Eocene of Northwestern Wyoming" American Museum Novitates 2725:1–64
  5. P. D. Gingerich and D. A. Winkler. (1985.) "Systematics of Paleocene Viverravidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) in the Bighorn Basin and Clark's Fork Basin, Wyoming." Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 27(4):87–128
  6. P. D. Polly. (1997.) "Ancestry and Species Definition in Paleontology: A Stratocladistic Analysis of Paleocene-Eocene Viverravidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from Wyoming." Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 30(1):1–53
  7. Solé, Floréal; Smith, Thierry; De Bast, Eric; Codrea, Vlad; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel (2016). "New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (2): e1082480. Bibcode:2016JVPal..36E2480S. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 87537565.
  8. S. Faurby, L. Werdelin, A. Antonelli (2019.) "Dispersal ability predicts evolutionary success among mammalian carnivores" Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE
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