Prodaphaenus

Prodaphaenus ("before Daphoenus") is an extinct genus of placental mammals from clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in North America during the middle Eocene.[3][4]

Prodaphaenus
Temporal range: middle Eocene
part of lower jaw of
Prodaphaenus uintensis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Clade: Pan-Carnivora
Clade: Carnivoramorpha
Clade: Carnivoraformes
Genus: †Prodaphaenus
Wortman & Matthew, 1899[1]
Type species
†Prodaphaenus uintensis
Osborn, 1895[2]
Synonyms
synonyms of species:
  • P. uintensis:
    • Miacis uintensis (Osborn, 1895)

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of genus Prodaphaenus are shown in the following cladogram:[5][6][7][8]

 Carnivoramorpha 
 †Viverravidae 

†Viverravoidea

 ? 

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 50993 & UALVP 50994)

 ? 

†Ravenictis

 sensu lato 
 ? 

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 31176)

 ? 

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (USNM 538395)

 ? 

†"Sinopa" insectivorus

 Carnivoraformes 
 Clade "B" 

†Eogale

†"Miacis" sp. (CM 67873 & CM 77299)

†Gracilocyon igniculus

†Gracilocyon winkleri

†Gracilocyon solei

 †Gracilocyon

†Gracilocyon sp. (Jibou, Romania)

†Gracilocyon rosei

†Gracilocyon rundlei

†Paramiacis

†Paroodectes

 †Oodectes jepseni 

 †Oodectes 

 †Oodectes herpestoides 

 †Oodectes proximus 

 †Oodectes pugnax 

 †Uintacyon hookeri 

 †Uintacyon rudis 

 †Uintacyon 

 †Uintacyon massetericus 

 †Uintacyon vorax 

 †Uintacyon asodes 

 †Uintacyon edax 

 †Uintacyon acutus 

 †Uintacyon jugulans 

 †Uintacyon gingerichi 

†Xinyuictis

†Zodiocyon

†Miocyon

†Simamphicyon

 †Uintacyon sp. (USGS 1983) 

†Messelogale

†Quercygalidae

 Clade "C" 

†Palaearctonyx

 (†Phlaodectes) 

†Vulpavus ovatus

†Vulpavus profectus

†Vulpavus australis

†Vulpavus canavus

†Vulpavus completus

 †Vulpavus

†Vulpavus farsonensis

†Vulpavus palustris

†Vassacyon

†Dormaalocyon

†"Miacis" exiguus

†"Miacis" deutschi

†Africtis

 ? 

†Carnivoraformes undet. Genus B

†Dawsonicyon

†"Miacis" boqinghensis

†"Miacis" hookwayi

†"Miacis" latidens

†"Miacis" petilus

 ? 

†Carnivoraformes undet. Genus A

†Miacis

 Clade "D" 

†Lycarion

†"Miacis" hargeri

 ? 

†Ceruttia

†"Miacis" invictus

†"Miacis" lushiensis

†Neovulpavus

†Harpalodon

†Procynodictis

 †Prodaphaenus 

†Prodaphaenus uintensis

 ? 

†Walshius

†"Miacis" gracilis

†Tapocyon

Carnivora (sensu stricto)

†Gracilocyon/Oodectes clade
†Vulpavus clade
 (Carnivora [sensu lato]) 

See also

References
  1. J. L. Wortman and W. D. Matthew (1899.) "The ancestry of certain members of the Canidae, the Viverridae, and Procyonidae." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 12(6):109-138
  2. H. F. Osborn (1895) "Fossil mammals of the Uinta Basin. Expedition of 1894." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 7(2):71-105
  3. McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9.
  4. J. J. Flynn (1998.) "Early Cenozoic Carnivora ("Miacoidea")." In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.) "Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America. Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulatelike Mammals." Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 9780521355193
  5. Flynn, John J.; Finarelli, John A.; Spaulding, Michelle (2010). "Phylogeny of the Carnivora and Carnivoramorpha, and the use of the fossil record to enhance understanding of evolutionary transformations". In Goswami, Anjali; Friscia, Anthony (eds.). Carnivoran evolution. New views on phylogeny, form and function. Cambridge University Press. pp. 25–63. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139193436.003. ISBN 9781139193436.
  6. Solé, Floréal; Smith, Richard; Coillot, Tiphaine; de Bast, Eric; Smith, Thierry (2014). "Dental and tarsal anatomy of Miacis latouri and a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (1): 1–21. Bibcode:2014JVPal..34....1S. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.793195. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 86207013.
  7. Solé, Floréal; Smith, Thierry; De Bast, Eric; Codrea, Vlad; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel (2016). "New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (2): e1082480. Bibcode:2016JVPal..36E2480S. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 87537565.
  8. Tomiya, S.; Zack, S. P.; Spaulding, M.; Flynn, J. J. (2021). "Carnivorous mammals from the middle Eocene Washakie Formation, Wyoming, USA, and their diversity trajectory in a post-warming world". Journal of Paleontology. 95 (Supplement S82): 1–115. Bibcode:2021JPal...95S...1T. doi:10.1017/jpa.2020.74. hdl:2433/274918. S2CID 232358160.
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