Palaeonictinae

Palaeonictinae ("ancient weasels") is an extinct subfamily of placental mammals from extinct family Oxyaenidae, that lived from the late Paleocene to early Eocene of Europe and North America.[7][8][9]

Palaeonictinae
Temporal range: late Paleocene to early Eocene
skull of Palaeonictis occidentalis
parts of lower jaw of
Ambloctonus sinosus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Clade: Pan-Carnivora
Order: †Oxyaenodonta
Family: †Oxyaenidae
Subfamily: †Palaeonictinae
Denison, 1938[1]
Type genus
†Palaeonictis
de Blainville, 1842
Genera
Synonyms
list of synonyms:
  • Ambloctinae (Solé, 2020)[2]
  • Ambloctonidae (Cope, 1877)[3]
  • Ambloctoninae (Cope, 1877)
  • Amblyctonidae (Cope, 1877)
  • Amphicreodi (Gregory & Hellman, 1939)[4]
  • Palaeonictida (Haeckel, 1895)[5]
  • Palaeonictidae (Osborn, 1892)[6]

Classification and phylogeny

Taxonomy
  • Subfamily: †Palaeonictinae (Denison, 1938)
    • Genus: †Ambloctonus (Cope, 1875)
      • †Ambloctonus major (Denison, 1938)
      • †Ambloctonus priscus (Matthew & Granger, 1915)
      • †Ambloctonus sinosus (Cope, 1875)
    • Genus: †Dipsalodon (paraphyletic genus) (Jepsen, 1930)
      • †Dipsalodon churchillorum (Rose, 1981)
      • †Dipsalodon matthewi (Jepsen, 1930)
    • Genus: †Palaeonictis (de Blainville, 1842)
      • †Palaeonictis gigantea (de Blainville, 1842)
      • †Palaeonictis occidentalis (Osborn, 1892)
      • †Palaeonictis peloria (Rose, 1981)
      • †Palaeonictis wingi (Chester, 2010)

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of the subfamily Palaeonictinae are shown in the following cladogram:[7][10][11][12][13]

 Pan-Carnivora 
 †Hyaenodonta 

†Altacreodus

†Tinerhodon

 ? 

†Wyolestidae

 ? 

†Simidectes

†Hyaenodonta (sensu stricto)

 sensu lato 

Carnivoramorpha

 †Oxyaenodonta 
 †Oxyaenidae 

†Tytthaeninae 

†Oxyaeninae

†Machaeroidinae

 †Palaeonictinae 

†Dipsalodon churchillorum

†Dipsalodon sp. (UM 71172)

†Dipsalodon matthewi

 †Ambloctonus 

†Ambloctonus major

†Ambloctonus priscus

†Ambloctonus sinosus

 †Palaeonictis 

†Palaeonictis peloria

†Palaeonictis gigantea

†Palaeonictis wingi

†Palaeonictis occidentalis
†Altacreodus/Tinerhodon
clade
†Dipsalodon

See also

References
  1. R. H. Denison (1938) "The broad-skulled Pseudocreodi." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 37:163-256
  2. Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). "The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian". Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185–214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13. S2CID 219585388.
  3. E. D. Cope (1877) "Report upon the extinct Vertebrata obtained in New Mexico by parties of the expedition of 1874." Report upon United States Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian, in charge of First Lieut. G.M. Wheeler, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Vol. IV Paleontology, Part II, pp. 1-365. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
  4. Gregory, W. K. and Hellman, H. (1939) "On the evolution and major classification of the civets (Viverridae) and allied fossil and recent Carnivora; a phylogenetic study of the skull and dentition." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 81, 309–92
  5. Haeckel, Ernst (1895). Systematische Phylogenie: Wirbelthiere (in German). Vol. T.3. Berlin: G. Reimer.
  6. Osborn, H. F. (1892) "Taxonomy and morphology of the primates, creodonts, and ungulates." In: "Fossil mammals of the Wahsatch and Wind River beds. Collection of 1891." (H. F. Osborn and J. L. Wortman), Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 4: 81-147
  7. Gunnel, Gregg F.; Gingerich, Philip D. (1991). "Systematics and evolution of late Paleocene and early Eocene Oxyaenidae (Mammalia, Creodonta) in the Clarks Fork Basin, Wyoming" (PDF). Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology. The University of Michigan. 28 (7): 141–180.
  8. McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
  9. Stephen G. B. Chester; Jonathan I. Bloch; Ross Secord; Doug M. Boyer (2010). "A new small bodied species of Palaeonictis (Creodonta, Oxyaenidae) from the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 17 (4): 227–243. doi:10.1007/s10914-010-9141-y. S2CID 15058311.
  10. F. Solé, E. Gheerbrant and M. Godinot (2011.) "New data on the Oxyaenidae from the Early Eocene of Europe; biostratigraphic, paleobiogeographic and paleoecologic implications." Palaeontologia Electronica 14(2):13A:1-41
  11. Solé, F. & Ladevèze, S. (2017.) "Evolution of the hypercarnivorous dentition in mammals (Metatheria, Eutheria) and its bearing on the development of tribosphenic molars." Evolution & Development, 19(2), 56–68.
  12. Prevosti, F. J. & Forasiepi, A. M. (2018.) "Introduction. Evolution of South American Mammalian Predators During the Cenozoic: Paleobiogeographic and Paleoenvironmental Contingencies", Springer Geology. Springer, Cham.
  13. Shawn P. Zack (2019). "A skeleton of a Uintan machaeroidine 'creodont' and the phylogeny of carnivorous eutherian mammals". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 17 (8): 653–689. doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1466374. S2CID 89934728.
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