Tritemnodon

Tritemnodon ("three cutting teeth") was an extinct genus of placental mammals from extinct order Hyaenodonta, that lived in North America during the early Eocene.[6][7] Fossils of Tritemnodon agilis have been found in Utah and Wyoming (Willwood Formation of Big Horn County and the Lower Bridger Formation of Uinta County). It was the size of a wolf.

Tritemnodon
Temporal range: Early Eocene
Restoration of Tritemnodon agilis
Tritemnodon agilis skeleton
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: †Hyaenodonta
Genus: †Tritemnodon
Matthew, 1906[1]
Type species
†Tritemnodon agilis
Marsh, 1872[2]
Synonyms
synonyms of species:
  • T. agilis:
    • Limnocyon agilis (Marsh, 1872)
    • Sinopa agilis (Matthew, 1901)[3]
    • Sinopa brevicalcaratus (Cope, 1872)[4]
    • Sinopa gracilis (Wortman, 1902)[5]
    • Stypolophus agilis
    • Stypolophus brevicolcarabus (Cope, 1872)
    • Stypolophus brevicalcaratus (Cope, 1872)

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of genus Tritemnodon are shown in the following cladogram.[8][9][10][11][12]

 †Hyaenodonta 

†Eoproviverra

†Boualitomidae

†Arfiidae

†Limnocyonidae

†Sinopidae

†Hyaenodontoidea

†Gazinocyon

†Pyrocyon

†Galecyon

 †Afro‑Arabian clade 

†Parvavorodon

†Indohyaenodontidae

†Glibzegdouia

 †Tritemnodon 

†Tritemnodon agilis

†Tritemnodon sp. (FMNH PM 55839)

†Koholiidae

†Teratodontidae

†Apterodontinae

†Maocyon

 †Maocyon/Orienspterodon clade

†Orienspterodon

†Hyainailourinae

†Hemipsalodon

 ? 

†Ischnognathus

 †Akhnatenavus clade

†Akhnatenavus

†"Pterodon" sp. (BC 15’08)

†Hyainailourinae sp. (UON 84-359)

†Hyainailourinae sp. C (DPC 9243 & DPC 10315)

†Hyainailourinae sp. D (DPC 6545)

†Kerberos

†"Pterodon" syrtos

 †Pterodon clade

†Pterodontina

†Hyainailourinae sp. A (DPC 6555)

†"Pterodon" africanus

†Parapterodon

†"Pterodon" sp. (DPC 5036)

†"Pterodon" phiomensis

†Hyainailourini

†Paroxyaenini

†Falcatodon

†Sectisodon

†Exiguodon

†Isohyaenodon zadoki

†Isohyaenodon  (†Isohyaenodontina)

†Isohyaenodon andrewsi

†Sivapterodon

†Hyainailouros bugtiensis

†Hyainailouros napakensis

†Hyainailouros

†Hyainailouros sulzeri

†Hyainailourinae sp. (GSN AD 100’96)

†Simbakubwa

†Leakitheriini

†Megistotherium

†Mlanyama

†Metapterodontini

†Pakakali

†Prionogalidae

 †Hyainailouridae
†Lahimia clade
†Arfia clade
†Galecyon clade
†Indohyaenodon clade
†Tritemnodon clade

References
  1. Matthew, W. D. (1906.) "The Osteology of Sinopa, a Creodont Mammal of the Middle Eocene." Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XXX, pp. 203-233, pl. XVI
  2. O. C. Marsh (1872.) "Preliminary description of new Tertiary mammals. Part II." American Journal of Science 4(21):202-224
  3. Matthew, W. D. (1901.) "Additional observations on the Creodonta." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 14: 1-38
  4. E. D. Cope (1872.) "Third account of new Vertebrata from the Bridger Eocene of Wyoming Valley." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society (separate) 1-4
  5. J. L. Wortman (1902.) "Studies of Eocene Mammalia in the Marsh Collection, Peabody Museum." The American Journal of Science, series 4 13:433-448
  6. Gingerich, Philip D.; Harvey A. Deutsch (1989). "Systematics and evolution of early Eocene Hyaenodontidae (Mammalia, Creodonta) in the Clarks Fork Basin, Wyoming". Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan. 27 (13): 327–391.
  7. Naoko Eg (2004.) "A new genus and species of hyaenodontid creodont from the Pondaung Formation (Eocene, Myanmar)" Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24(2): 502–506 doi:10.1671/2481
  8. Borths, Matthew R; Stevens, Nancy J (2017). "Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)". Palaeontologia Electronica. 20 (3): 55A. doi:10.26879/776.
  9. Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2019). "Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1): e1570222. Bibcode:2019JVPal..39E0222B. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222. S2CID 145972918.
  10. Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). "The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian". Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185–214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13.
  11. Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). "New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene". Geobios. 66–67: 119–141. Bibcode:2021Geobi..66..119S. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004. S2CID 234848856.
  12. Averianov, Alexander; Obraztsova, Ekaterina; Danilov, Igor; Jin, Jian-Hua (2023). "A new hypercarnivorous hyaenodont from the Eocene of South China". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 11. doi:10.3389/fevo.2023.1076819. ISSN 2296-701X.
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