Melanocortin 5 receptor

Melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MC5R gene.[5][6] It is located on the chromosome 18 in the human genome.[6] When the MC5R was disrupted in transgenic mice, it induced disruption of their exocrine glands and resulted in decreased production of sebum.[7]

MC5R
Identifiers
AliasesMC5R, MC2, Melanocortin 5 receptor
External IDsOMIM: 600042 MGI: 99420 HomoloGene: 4321 GeneCards: MC5R
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

4161

17203

Ensembl

ENSG00000176136

ENSMUSG00000007480

UniProt

P33032

P41149

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_005913

NM_013596

RefSeq (protein)

NP_005904

NP_038624

Location (UCSC)Chr 18: 13.82 – 13.83 MbChr 18: 68.47 – 68.48 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Physiology

MC5R is necessary for normal sebum production.[7][8][9] Stimulation of MC5R promotes fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle[10] and lypolysis in adipocytes.[11] MC5R is essential for erythrocyte differentiation.[12] MC5R is involved in inflammation.[13][14] MC5R helps maintain thermal homeostasis.[8][15]

MC5R is expressed in the brain at different levels depending on physical activity.[16]

Pheromones

MC5R is heavily expressed in the preputial gland in mice (a modified sebaceous gland involved in pheromone production). MC5R deficiency in male mice decreases aggressive behavior, promotes defensive behavior and encourages other male mice to attack MC5R-deficient males through pheromonal signals.[17][18][19]

MRAP

Melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein (MRAP) traps MC5R protein inside cells.[20]

See also

References
  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000176136 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000007480 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Chhajlani V, Muceniece R, Wikberg JE (September 1993). "Molecular cloning of a novel human melanocortin receptor". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 195 (2): 866–73. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.2125. PMID 8396929.
  6. "Entrez Gene: MC5R melanocortin 5 receptor".
  7. Thiboutot D, Sivarajah A, Gilliland K, Cong Z, Clawson G (October 2000). "The melanocortin 5 receptor is expressed in human sebaceous glands and rat preputial cells". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 115 (4): 614–9. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00094.x. PMID 10998132.
  8. Chen W, Kelly MA, Opitz-Araya X, Thomas RE, Low MJ, Cone RD (December 1997). "Exocrine gland dysfunction in MC5-R-deficient mice: evidence for coordinated regulation of exocrine gland function by melanocortin peptides". Cell. 91 (6): 789–98. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80467-5. PMID 9413988. S2CID 6251691.
  9. Zhang L, Li WH, Anthonavage M, Pappas A, Rossetti D, Cavender D, Seiberg M, Eisinger M (June 2011). "Melanocortin-5 receptor and sebogenesis". Eur J Pharmacol. 660 (1): 202–206. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.100. PMID 21215742.
  10. An JJ, Rhee Y, Kim SH, Kim DM, Han DH, Hwang JH, Jin YJ, Cha BS, Baik JH, Lee WT, Lim SK (February 2007). "Peripheral effect of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone on fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 282 (5): 2862–70. doi:10.1074/jbc.M603454200. PMID 17127674.
  11. Møller CL, Raun K, Jacobsen ML, Pedersen TÅ, Holst B, Conde-Frieboes KW, Wulff BS (July 2011). "Characterization of murine melanocortin receptors mediating adipocyte lipolysis and examination of signalling pathways involved" (PDF). Mol Cell Endocrinol. 341 (1–2): 9–17. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2011.03.010. PMID 21616121. S2CID 31837693.
  12. Simamura E, Arikawa T, Ikeda T, Shimada H, Shoji H, Masuta H, Nakajima Y, Otani H, Yonekura H, Hatta T (April 2015). "Melanocortins contribute to sequential differentiation and enucleation of human erythroblasts via melanocortin receptors 1, 2 and 5". PLOS ONE. 10 (4): e0123232. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1023232S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123232. PMC 4393082. PMID 25860801.
  13. Lee DJ, Taylor AW (October 2013). "Both MC5r and A2Ar are required for protective regulatory immunity in the spleen of post-experimental autoimmune uveitis in mice". J. Immunol. 191 (8): 4103–4111. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1300182. PMC 3796047. PMID 24043903.
  14. Jun DJ, Na KY, Kim W, Kwak D, Kwon EJ, Yoon JH, Yea K, Lee H, Kim J, Suh PG, Ryu SH, Kim KT (April 2010). "Melanocortins induce interleukin 6 gene expression and secretion through melanocortin receptors 2 and 5 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes". J Mol Endocrinol. 44 (4): 225–236. doi:10.1677/JME-09-0161. PMC 3058511. PMID 20089716.
  15. Lute B, Jou W, Lateef DM, Goldgof M, Xiao C, Piñol RA, Kravitz AV, Miller NR, Huang YG, Girardet C, Butler AA, Gavrilova O, Reitman ML (August 2014). "Biphasic effect of melanocortin agonists on metabolic rate and body temperature". Cell Metab. 20 (2): 333–345. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.05.021. PMC 4126889. PMID 24981835.
  16. Shukla C, Britton SL, Koch LG, Novak CM (July 2012). "Region-specific differences in brain melanocortin receptors in rats of the lean phenotype". NeuroReport. 23 (10): 596–600. doi:10.1097/WNR.0b013e328354f5c1. PMC 3831884. PMID 22643233.
  17. Morgan C, Thomas RE, Cone RD (January 2004). "Melanocortin-5 receptor deficiency promotes defensive behavior in male mice". Horm. Behav. 45 (1): 56–63. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2003.08.004. PMID 14733892. S2CID 32531156.
  18. Morgan C, Thomas RE, Ma W, Novotny MV, Cone RD (February 2004). "Melanocortin-5 receptor deficiency reduces a pheromonal signal for aggression in male mice". Chem Senses. 29 (2): 111–115. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjh011. PMID 14977807.
  19. Morgan C, Cone RD (January 2006). "Melanocortin-5 receptor deficiency in mice blocks a novel pathway influencing pheromone-induced aggression". Behav. Genet. 36 (2): 291–300. doi:10.1007/s10519-005-9024-9. PMID 16408249. S2CID 9659300.
  20. Sebag JA, Hinkle PM (August 2009). "Opposite effects of the melanocortin-2 (MC2) receptor accessory protein MRAP on MC2 and MC5 receptor dimerization and trafficking". J Biol Chem. 284 (34): 22641–22648. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.022400. PMC 2755671. PMID 19535343.

Further reading

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