乾
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Translingual
Han character
乾 (radical 5, 乙+10, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十十人弓 (JJON), four-corner 48417, composition ⿰龺乞)
Related characters
- 干 (Simplified form when used as an adjective in Chinese)
References
- KangXi: page 84, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 204
- Dae Jaweon: page 172, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 56, character 10
- Unihan data for U+4E7E
Chinese
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 乾 | |||||||||||||||
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References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Characters in the same phonetic series (倝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
乾 | *kaːn, *ɡran |
漧 | *kaːn |
倝 | *kaːns |
榦 | *kaːns |
韓 | *ɡaːn |
鶾 | *ɡaːn |
翰 | *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns |
瀚 | *ɡaːns |
螒 | *ɡaːns |
雗 | *ɡaːns |
斡 | *qʷaːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kaːn, *ɡran) : phonetic 倝 (OC *kaːns) + semantic 乙.
Etymology 1
trad. | 乾 | |
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simp. | 干* | |
variant forms | 亁 乹 |
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kan (“to dry; to dry up”). Cognate with Burmese ခန်း (hkan:, “to dry up; to evaporate”).
The sense “lacking sweetness” is a semantic loan from French sec or English dry.
Pronunciation
Definitions
乾
- dry; moistureless; waterless; arid
- 自動提示補水功能可令家用電蒸爐也不會有煲乾水引發火警的危險。 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
- From: 2015, 紀曉華《水哥廚房:蒸.好生活》
- Zi6 dung6 tai4 si6 bou2 seoi2 gung1 nang4 ho2 ling6 gaa1 jung6 din6 zing1 lou4 jaa5 bat1 wui5 jau5 bou1 gon1 seoi2 jan5 faat3 fo2 ging2 dik1 ngai4 him2. [Jyutping]
- The ability to automatically remind people to add more water may result in electric household steamers no longer carrying the risk of triggering fire alarms when they become empty.
自动提示补水功能可令家用电蒸炉也不会有煲干水引发火警的危险。 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]
- to dry; to exhaust
- † to neglect; to snub
- (colloquial) to drain one's glass; bottoms up
- dried up; exhausted; drained
- (of voice) dry and coarse
- dried-up food
- adopted; adoptive; foster
- in vain; for nothing
- falsely; superficially
- not sweet; lacking sweetness
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 乾 (“dry”) [map] | ||
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Variety | Location | Words |
Classical Chinese | 乾 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 乾 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 乾 |
Taiwan | 乾 | |
Jinan | 乾 | |
Xi'an | 乾 | |
Wuhan | 乾, 乾燥 | |
Chengdu | 乾 | |
Yangzhou | 乾 | |
Hefei | 乾 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 乾 |
Hong Kong | 乾 | |
Yangjiang | 燥 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 乾 |
Hakka | Meixian | 乾, 燥 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 燥 | |
Liudui (S. Sixian) | 燥 | |
Hsinchu (Hailu) | 燥 | |
Dongshi (Dabu) | 燥 | |
Hsinchu (Raoping) | 燥 | |
Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 燥 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 乾 |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 焦 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 焦, 乾 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 焦 |
Quanzhou | 焦 | |
Zhangzhou | 焦 | |
Taipei | 焦 | |
Penang | 焦 | |
Chaozhou | 焦 | |
Wu | Suzhou | 乾, 燥 |
Wenzhou | 燥 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 乾 |
Shuangfeng | 乾, 燥 |
Compounds
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Etymology 2
simp. and trad. |
乾 | |
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variant forms | 乹 |
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ka-n (“heaven; sky; sun”). Cognate with Tibetan མཁའ (mkha'), ནམ་མཁའ (nam mkha', “sky; heaven”).
Pronunciation
Definitions
乾
Japanese
Readings
Noun
乾 (hiragana いぬい, rōmaji inui, historical hiragana いぬゐ)
- (obsolete) northwest
Korean
See also
八卦 (팔괘, palgwae)
7+0=111+000 (U+2630)* | ☰ | 乾 | 天 | sky |
6+1=110+001 (U+2631) | ☱ | 兌 | 澤 | marsh |
5+2=101+010 (U+2632) | ☲ | 離 | 火 | fire |
4+3=100+011 (U+2633) | ☳ | 震 | 雷 | thunder |
3+4=011+100 (U+2634) | ☴ | 巽 | 風 | wind |
2+5=010+101 (U+2635) | ☵ | 坎 | 水 | water |
1+6=001+110 (U+2636) | ☶ | 艮 | 山 | mountain |
0+7=000+111 (U+2637) | ☷ | 坤 | 地 | earth |
[*] Decimal pair=Binary pair (Codepoint). (The solid bar "—" of the Trigrams may be assigned to the binary number "1", while the split bar "--" to "0".)
Vietnamese
Han character
乾 (kiền, càn)
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