乞

乞	U+4E5E, 乞 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E5E

← 九
[U+4E5D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

也 →
[U+4E5F]

Translingual

Han character

乞 (radical 5, 乙+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 人弓 (ON), four-corner 8071₇, composition ⿱𠂉乙)

Derived characters

吃

References

KangXi: page 84, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 170
Dae Jaweon: page 170, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 50, character 7
Unihan data for U+4E5E

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (乞) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
乞	kʰɯds, kʰɯd
盵	*kʰɯds
齕	ɡɯːd, ɡuːd
紇	ɡɯːd, ɡuːd
籺	*ɡɯːd
圪	ŋrɯd, ŋɯd
訖	*kɯd
吃	*kɯd
扢	kɯd, kuːd, *ɡuːd
疙	*ŋɯd
屹	*ŋɯd
仡	ŋɯd, hŋɯd
迄	*hŋɯd
釳	*hŋɯd
忔	*hŋɯd
汔	*hŋɯd
矻	*kʰuːd
麧	*ɡuːd

Variant of 气 (OC *kʰɯds), distinguished to indicate a phonetically borrowed meaning “to beg”.

Pronunciation 1

simp. and trad.		乞
variant forms		气

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qǐ (qi³)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hat¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiet / khié / khiat
Min Dong (BUC): ké̤ṳk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): khit

(Teochew, Peng'im): keg⁴ / kêg⁴ / kig⁴
Wu (Wiktionary): qiq (T4)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: qǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˇ
  - Wade–Giles: ch'ih³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chii
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cǐ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hat¹
  - Yale: hāt
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hat⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: hed¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐt̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiet / khié
  - Hakka Romanization System: kied` / kie`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiad⁵ / kie³
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯et̚²/, /kʰi̯e³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiat
  - Hakka Romanization System: kiad`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯at̚²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ké̤ṳk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰøyʔ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khit
  - Tâi-lô: khit
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qid
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰit̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰit̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰit̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰit̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰit̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: keg⁴ / kêg⁴ / kig⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khṳk / khek / khik
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɯk̚²/, /kʰek̚²/, /kʰik̚²/

Note:

keg4 - other places;
kêg4 - Jieyang;
kig4 - Chaoyang.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: qiq (T4)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɪʔ⁵⁵/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 乞
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰi¹³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰi⁴²/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰi²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕʰji²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕʰi³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕʰi²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰi³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕʰiʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰiʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕʰai²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰiʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/kʰo⁵/ /t͡ɕʰi⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰiʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kʰit̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hɐt̚⁵/
	Nanning	/hɐt̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/hɐt̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kʰit̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kʰøyʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kʰi²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kʰɯk̚²/ /kʰiʔ²/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/xit̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: /kʰɨt̚/▼

Rime
Character	乞
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	迄 (58)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	去迄切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɨt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiət̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɨt̚/
Li Rong	/kʰiət̚/
Wang Li	/kʰĭət̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰi̯ət̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qi

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qʰət/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	乞
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ khjɨt ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qʰət/
English	beg, ask
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	乞
Reading #	2/2
No.	10082
Phonetic component	乞
Rime group	物
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*kʰɯd/
Notes	氣的轉註字從乞與從氣同

Definitions

乞

to beg
to request
A surname.

Compounds

乞丐 (qǐgài)
乞乞縮縮／乞乞缩缩
乞人 (qǐrén)
乞伏
乞休
乞假
乞免
乞力馬扎羅山／乞力马扎罗山 (Qǐlìmǎzhāluó Shān)
乞化
乞命
乞哀告憐／乞哀告怜 (qǐ'āigàolián)
乞婆
乞巧 (qǐqiǎo)
乞師／乞师 (qǐshī)
乞憐／乞怜 (qǐlián)
乞憐搖尾／乞怜摇尾
乞懇／乞恳
乞拉朋吉
乞援

乞期
乞求 (qǐqiú)
乞活
乞漿得酒／乞浆得酒
乞火
乞留乞良
乞留惡濫／乞留恶滥
乞留曲律
乞留玎琅
乞盟
乞窮儉相／乞穷俭相
乞討／乞讨 (qǐtǎo)
乞請／乞请
乞貸／乞贷
乞身
乞鄰／乞邻
乞閒／乞闲 (qǐxián)
乞降 (qǐxiáng)
乞靈／乞灵

乞鞠
乞頭／乞头
乞食 (qǐshí)
乞食飯牛／乞食饭牛
乞養／乞养
乞骸
乞骸骨 (qǐháigǔ)
伏乞
千乞
向火乞兒／向火乞儿
啟乞／启乞
容乞
寒乞
搖尾乞憐／摇尾乞怜 (yáowěi qǐlián)
死乞白賴／死乞白赖 (sǐqibáilài)
求乞 (qiúqǐ)
窮腮乞臉／穷腮乞脸
行乞
討乞／讨乞

Pronunciation 2

simp. and trad.		乞
variant forms		气去 Hokkien

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qì (qi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hei³
Min Dong (BUC): ké̤ṳk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): khit / khì

(Teochew, Peng'im): keh⁴ / kih⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: qì
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ
  - Wade–Giles: ch'ih⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chih
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hei³
  - Yale: hei
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hei³
  - Guangdong Romanization: héi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hei̯³³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ké̤ṳk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰøyʔ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khit
  - Tâi-lô: khit
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qid
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰit̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰit̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khì
  - Tâi-lô: khì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qix
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰi²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: keh⁴ / kih⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khṳh / khih
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɯʔ²/, /kʰiʔ²/

Note: kih4 - Chaoyang.

Middle Chinese: /kʰɨi^H/▼

Rime
Character	乞
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	微 (20)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	去旣切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɨi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiəi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɨj^H/
Li Rong	/kʰiəi^H/
Wang Li	/kʰĭəi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰe̯i^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qì

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯds/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	乞
Reading #	1/2
No.	10073
Phonetic component	乞
Rime group	隊
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*kʰɯds/
Notes	氣字注今體，集韻徑作乞（與）

Definitions

乞

^† (Min Dong, Teochew) to give
(Min Dong; Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Teochew Min Nan) by
乞人拍死 [Teochew] ― keh⁴ nang⁵ pah⁴ si² [Peng'im] ― be beat to death by someone
(Min Dong; Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Teochew Min Nan) Used before a verb to indicate passive voice.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 給 (“to give”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		予
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		給
Mandarin	Beijing	給
	Taiwan	給
	Tianjin	給
	Jinan	給
	Xi'an	給
	Wuhan	把, 把得, 給
	Chengdu	給
	Yangzhou	把, 給
	Hefei	把, 給
Cantonese	Guangzhou	畀
	Hong Kong	畀
	Taishan	畀
	Yangjiang	畀
Gan	Nanchang	把
Hakka	Meixian	分
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	分
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	分
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	分
	Dongshi (Dabu)	分
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	分
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	得
Jin	Taiyuan	給
Min Bei	Jian'ou	吶
Min Dong	Fuzhou	乞
Min Nan	Xiamen	予
	Quanzhou	予
	Zhangzhou	予
	Taipei	予
	Kaohsiung	予
	Tainan	予
	Taichung	予
	Hsinchu	予
	Lukang	予
	Sanxia	予
	Yilan	予
	Kinmen	予
	Magong	予
	Chaozhou	分, 乞
	Shantou	分, 乞
	Haikou	要
	Leizhou	給
Wu	Shanghai	撥
	Suzhou	撥
	Wenzhou	匄
Xiang	Changsha	把

Dialectal synonyms of 被 (“by; passive marker”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		被
Mandarin	Beijing	讓, 叫, 給
	Taiwan	讓, 叫, 給
	Jinan	叫, 讓
	Xi'an	叫
	Wuhan	把得
	Chengdu	遭, 叫
	Yangzhou	給, 把
	Hefei	給, 叫
Cantonese	Guangzhou	畀
	Hong Kong	畀
	Taishan	畀
	Yangjiang	畀
Gan	Nanchang	讓, 等
Hakka	Meixian	分
	Xingning	分
	Huidong (Daling)	分
	Qujiang	分
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	分
	Changting	得
	Pingyu	得
	Wuping	得
	Liancheng	給
	Ninghua	分
	Ruijin	得
	Shicheng	得
	Shangyou	討
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	分
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	分
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	分
	Dongshi (Dabu)	分
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	分
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	得
Jin	Taiyuan	叫, 給
Min Bei	Jian'ou	吶
Min Dong	Fuzhou	乞
Min Nan	Xiamen	予, 乞
	Quanzhou	予, 乞
	Zhangzhou	予, 乞
	Taipei	予
	Kaohsiung	予
	Tainan	予
	Taichung	予
	Hsinchu	予
	Lukang	予
	Sanxia	予
	Yilan	予
	Kinmen	予
	Magong	予
	Chaozhou	分, 乞
	Shantou	分, 乞
	Haikou	要
	Leizhou	給
Wu	Suzhou	撥, 撥勒
Wu	Wenzhou	匄
Xiang	Changsha	聽, 撈, 讓, 被
Xiang	Shuangfeng	耗

Japanese

Kanji

乞

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: こち (kochi)
Kan-on: きつ (kitsu)
Kan’yō-on: こつ (kotsu)
Kun: こう (kou, 乞う, Jōyō)^{←こふ (kofu, historical)}; こい (koi, 乞い)^{←こひ (kofi, historical)}

“To give”:

Go-on: け (ke)
Kan-on: き (ki)
Kun: あたえる (ataeru, 乞える)^{←あたへる (ataferu, historical)}

References

JIS: 3870
Kuten: 2480
Shift JIS: 8CEE
EUC-JP: B8F0
Frequency: 2478
Nelson: 262

New Nelson: 59
Halpern: 1961
Halpern Learners: not listed
Heisig: 462
Tuttle Kanji Dictionary: 0a3.4

Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.

Korean

Hanja

乞 • (geol)

Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 걸 (McCune–Reischauer: kŏl)
- Name (hangeul): 빌 (revised: bil, McCune–Reischauer: pil)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

乞神 (걸신, geolsin) hungry ghost

References

Naver Hanja Dictionary: 乞

Vietnamese

Han character

乞: Hán Nôm readings: khất, khắt, gật

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

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