1865

1865 (MDCCCLXV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1865th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 865th year of the 2nd millennium, the 65th year of the 19th century, and the 6th year of the 1860s decade. As of the start of 1865, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1865 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1865
MDCCCLXV
Ab urbe condita2618
Armenian calendar1314
ԹՎ ՌՅԺԴ
Assyrian calendar6615
Baháʼí calendar21–22
Balinese saka calendar1786–1787
Bengali calendar1272
Berber calendar2815
British Regnal year28 Vict. 1  29 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar2409
Burmese calendar1227
Byzantine calendar7373–7374
Chinese calendar甲子年 (Wood Rat)
4561 or 4501
     to 
乙丑年 (Wood Ox)
4562 or 4502
Coptic calendar1581–1582
Discordian calendar3031
Ethiopian calendar1857–1858
Hebrew calendar5625–5626
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1921–1922
 - Shaka Samvat1786–1787
 - Kali Yuga4965–4966
Holocene calendar11865
Igbo calendar865–866
Iranian calendar1243–1244
Islamic calendar1281–1282
Japanese calendarGenji 2 / Keiō 1
(慶応元年)
Javanese calendar1793–1794
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar4198
Minguo calendar47 before ROC
民前47年
Nanakshahi calendar397
Thai solar calendar2407–2408
Tibetan calendar阳木鼠年
(male Wood-Rat)
1991 or 1610 or 838
     to 
阴木牛年
(female Wood-Ox)
1992 or 1611 or 839

Events

JanuaryMarch

January 15: Union captures Fort Fisher.

AprilJune

April 9: Appomattox Court House.
  • June 19 American Civil War: Union Major General Gordon Granger lands at Galveston, Texas, and informs the people of Texas of the Emancipation Proclamation (an event celebrated in modern times each year as Juneteenth).
  • June 23 American Civil War: At Fort Towson in Oklahoma Territory, Confederate General Stand Watie, a Cherokee Indian, surrenders the last significant Rebel army.
  • June 25 James Hudson Taylor founds the China Inland Mission at Brighton, England.
  • June 26 Jumbo, a young male African elephant, arrives at London Zoo and becomes a popular attraction.

JulySeptember

July 14: Matterhorn climbed.
July 30: Steamer Brother Jonathan sinks.
  • July 21 Wild Bill Hickok – Davis Tutt shootout: In the market square of Springfield, Missouri, Wild Bill Hickok shoots Little Dave Tutt dead over a poker debt, in what is regarded as the first true western fast draw showdown.
  • July 23 The SS Great Eastern departs on a voyage to lay a transatlantic telegraph cable.[6]
  • July 27 Welsh settlers arrive in Argentina at Chubut Valley.
  • July 27 Businessman Asa Packer established Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
  • July 30 The steamer Brother Jonathan sinks off the California coast, killing 225.
  • July 31 The first narrow gauge mainline railway in the world opens at Grandchester, Australia.
  • August 16 The Dominican Republic regains independence from Spain.
  • August 25 The Shergotty meteorite Mars meteorite falls in Sherghati, Gaya, Bihar, India.
  • September 19 Union Business College (now Peirce College) is founded in Philadelphia.
  • September 26 Champ Ferguson becomes the first person (and one of only two) to be convicted of war crimes for actions taken during the American Civil War, found guilty by a U.S. Army tribunal on 23 charges, arising from the murder of 53 people. He is hanged on October 20, two days after the conviction of Henry Wirz for war crimes.[8]

OctoberDecember

Date unknown

  • A forest fire near Silverton, Oregon, destroys about one million acres (4,000 km2) of timber.
  • The National Temperance Society and Publishing House is founded by James Black in the U.S.

Births

JanuaryMarch

Elma Danielsson

AprilJune

JulySeptember

Philipp Scheidemann
Julia Marlowe

OctoberDecember

Charles W. Clark
Hovhannes Abelian

Date unknown

  • Ernest Hogan, African-American dancer, musician, and comedian (d. 1909)
  • Habibullah Qurayshi, Bengali Islamic scholar and educationist (d. 1943)[11]

Deaths

JanuaryJune

JulyDecember

Paul Bogle

References

  1. Moore, Randy (May 2001). "The "Rediscovery" of Mendel's Work" (PDF). Bioscene. 27. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 2, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
  2. Coleman, Helen Turnbull Waite (1956). Banners in the Wilderness: The Early Years of Washington and Jefferson College. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 214. OCLC 2191890. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
  3. "Elaphurus davidianus". Ultimate Ungulate. 2004. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
  4. Wilkinson, Susan (September 1998). "Welsh immigrants in Patagonia: Mimosa, the old ship that sailed into history". Buenos Aires Herald. Archived from the original on March 5, 2007. Retrieved November 26, 2010.
  5. Galton, Francis (1865). "Hereditary talent and character" (PDF). Macmillan's Magazine. 12: 157–166, 318–327. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
  6. Everett, Jason M., ed. (2006). "1865". The People's Chronology. Thomson Gale.
  7. Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. p. 286. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  8. Cartmell, Donald (2001). The Civil War Book of Lists. Career Press. p. 104.
  9. James Louis Garvin; Franklin Henry Hooper; Warren E. Cox (1929). The Encyclopædia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge. Encyclopædia britannica Company, Limited. p. 291.
  10. O'Sullivan, James (April 26, 2015). "An artist's mark on the story of Finland (150th anniversary of Gallen-Kallela's birth)". thisisFINLAND. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
  11. Ahmadullah, Mufti (2016). Mashayekh-e-Chatgam. Vol. 1 (3 ed.). Dhaka: Ahmad Publishers. pp. 109–136. ISBN 978-984-92106-4-1.
  12. "Mrs Beeton". BBC. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
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