1883

1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1883rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 883rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 83rd year of the 19th century, and the 4th year of the 1880s decade. As of the start of 1883, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1883 in topic
Humanities
Archaeology – Architecture – Art
Film - Literature – Music - (jazz)
By country
Australia – Belgium – Brazil – Bulgaria – Canada – Denmark – France – Germany – Mexico – New Zealand – Norway – Philippines – Portugal – Russia – South Africa – Spain – Sweden – United Kingdom – United States – Venezuela
Other topics
Rail transport – Science – Sports
Lists of leaders
Sovereign states – State leaders – Territorial governors – Religious leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
Works
1883 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1883
MDCCCLXXXIII
Ab urbe condita2636
Armenian calendar1332
ԹՎ ՌՅԼԲ
Assyrian calendar6633
Baháʼí calendar39–40
Balinese saka calendar1804–1805
Bengali calendar1290
Berber calendar2833
British Regnal year46 Vict. 1 – 47 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar2427
Burmese calendar1245
Byzantine calendar7391–7392
Chinese calendar壬午年 (Water Horse)
4579 or 4519
    — to —
癸未年 (Water Goat)
4580 or 4520
Coptic calendar1599–1600
Discordian calendar3049
Ethiopian calendar1875–1876
Hebrew calendar5643–5644
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1939–1940
 - Shaka Samvat1804–1805
 - Kali Yuga4983–4984
Holocene calendar11883
Igbo calendar883–884
Iranian calendar1261–1262
Islamic calendar1300–1301
Japanese calendarMeiji 16
(明治１６年)
Javanese calendar1812–1813
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar4216
Minguo calendar29 before ROC
民前29年
Nanakshahi calendar415
Thai solar calendar2425–2426
Tibetan calendar阳水马年
(male Water-Horse)
2009 or 1628 or 856
    — to —
阴水羊年
(female Water-Goat)
2010 or 1629 or 857
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1883.
An 1888 lithograph of the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa.

Events
February 16: Ladies Home Journal begins (photo 1906).

January–March
  • January 4 – Life magazine is founded in Los Angeles, California, United States.
  • January 10 – A fire at the Newhall Hotel in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, kills 73 people.
  • January 16 – The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, establishing the United States civil service, is passed.
  • January 19 – The first electric lighting system employing overhead wires begins service in Roselle, New Jersey, United States, installed by Thomas Edison.
  • February – The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi is first published complete in book form, in Italy.
  • February 15 – Tokyo Electrical Lightning Grid, predecessor of Tokyo Electrical Power (TEPCO), one of the largest electrical grids in Asia and the world, is founded in Japan.[1]
  • February 16 – The Ladies' Home Journal is published for the first time, in the United States.[2]
  • February 23 – Alabama becomes the first U.S. state to enact an antitrust law.
  • February 28 – The first vaudeville theater is opened, in Boston, Massachusetts.
  • March 2 – The Hong Kong Observatory is established.[3]
  • March 20 – The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property is held.[4]
  • March 28 – Battle of Gia Cuc: A French force defeats a Vietnamese in northern Vietnam in the run-up to the Sino-French War.

April–June
May 24: Brooklyn Bridge is opened.
  • April 5 – Oxygen is liquefied for the first time.
  • April 28 – The first rugby sevens tournament is played at Melrose RFC in Scotland.[5]
  • May 23 – Robert Louis Stevenson's children's pirate adventure novel Treasure Island is first published in book format, in London.
  • May 24 – Brooklyn Bridge is opened to traffic in New York City, after 13 years of construction.
  • May 30 – A rumor that the Brooklyn Bridge is going to collapse causes a stampede, which crushes 12 people.
  • June 13 – Count Arvid Posse leaves office as Prime Minister of Sweden. He is succeeded by Carl Johan Thyselius, the first non-aristocrat (Swedish ; "ofrälse") to serve as Swedish head of government, and Prime Minister.
  • June 16 – Victoria Hall disaster: A rush for treats results in 183 children being asphyxiated, in a concert hall in Sunderland, England.
  • June 28 – In Milan, Italy, the first central European electricity power station is inaugurated.
  • June 30 – Robert Louis Stevenson's novel The Black Arrow first appears as a serial in the British magazine Young Folks; A Boys' and Girls' Paper of Instructive and Entertaining Literature as by 'Captain George North'. Stevenson completes writing it at the end of the summer in France.

July–September

October–December
  • October 1
    • Sydney Boys High School is founded in Sydney, Australia, the first boys' public school.
    • In Amsterdam, the first International Colonial and Export Exhibition closes, having had over 1 million visitors.
  • October 4
    • The Boys' Brigade (the first uniformed youth organization in existence) is founded in Glasgow, Scotland.
    • The Orient Express train begins to run through from Paris Gare de l'Est to Giurgiu in Romania, with onward ferry and train connections to Istanbul (the train has been running since June 5 as far as Vienna).
  • October 15 – The Supreme Court of the United States declares part of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 to be unconstitutional, allowing individuals and corporations to discriminate based on race.
  • October 20 – Peru and Chile sign the Treaty of Ancón, by which the Tarapacá province is ceded to Chile, ending Peru's involvement in the War of the Pacific.
  • October 22 – The Mödling and Hinterbrühl Tram in Vienna (Austria) is the first electric tram powered by overhead wire.
  • October 24 – Cardiff University, Wales, opens (under the name of University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire).
  • October 30 – Two Clan na Gael dynamite bombs explode in the London Underground, injuring several people. The next day, British Home Secretary Vernon Harcourt drafts 300 policemen to guard the underground, and introduces the Explosives Bill.
  • November 3
    • The 14th Century AH begins in the Islamic calendar on the 1st of Muharram, 1301 AH.
    • American Old West: Self-described Black Bart the Po-8 makes his last stagecoach robbery, but leaves a handkerchief with a laundry mark that eventually leads to his capture.
  • November 14 – Chile's National Library of Congress is founded.
  • November 18 – U.S. and Canadian railroads institute 5 standard continental time zones, ending the confusion of thousands of local times.
  • November 28 – Whitman College is chartered as a 4-year college in Walla Walla, Washington.
  • December 1 – Battleford Industrial School, the first government-operated Indian residential school opens in Canada.
  • December 5 – Bisbee Massacre: Five people are killed in the robbery of a general store by bandits in Bisbee, Arizona.[7]
  • December 16 – Tonkin Campaign: French forces capture the Sơn Tây citadel.
  • December 21 – The Royal Canadian Dragoons and The Royal Canadian Regiment, the first Permanent Force cavalry and infantry regiments of the Canadian Army, are formed.

Date unknown
  • German bacteriologist Robert Koch discovers the cholera bacillus.
  • Antoni Gaudí begins to work on the Sagrada Família Cathedral in Barcelona (it will be consecrated in 2010).
  • Construction of Speicherstadt as a free zone in the Port of Hamburg begins.
  • During construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1883, blasting and excavation reveal high concentrations of nickel–copper ore at Murray Mine, on the edge of the Sudbury Basin, located near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
  • Otto von Bismarck pushes the first social security law through the Reichstag.
  • A depression starts in Seattle, Washington, United States.
  • The British Parliament considers a major bill to allow Indian judges to try Europeans in India. The British community rises in protest, and defeats the measure.
  • The Mexican government passes a law allowing real estate companies (controlled by General Porfirio Díaz's political associates) to survey public and "vacant" lands, and to retain one third of the land they survey.
  • Bernard Kroger establishes the first Kroger grocery store, in Cincinnati, Ohio.
  • The first purebred Percheron (horse) stud book is created in France.
  • ASEA is founded by Ludvig Fredholm in Sweden, predecessor of the global electronic equipment and engineering business ABB Group.[8]
  • Founding of:
    • Houghton College in New York State
    • Wagner College in New York City
    • Baltimore Polytechnic Institute in Maryland
    • Raith Rovers F.C. in Scotland
    • The Black Arabs F.C (later Bristol Rovers) in England
    • Dunstable Town F.C. in England

Births

January–February
Ichirō Hatoyama
Clement Attlee
Aleksei Nikolaevich Tolstoy
Karl Jaspers

March–April
Maude Fealy
Stanley Bruce

May–June
Eleazar López Contreras
José Ortega y Gasset
Celâl Bayar
Walter Gropius
Eurico Gaspar Dutra
Douglas Fairbanks
Victor Franz Hess
Pierre Laval

July–August
Franz Kafka
Max Fleischer
Benito Mussolini
Coco Chanel
  • July 1 – István Friedrich, 24th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1951)
  • July 3 – Franz Kafka, Austrian writer (d. 1924)
  • July 4 – Rube Goldberg, American cartoonist (d. 1970)
  • July 6 – Godfrey Huggins, English-born Rhodesian politician and physician, Prime Minister of Rhodesia (d. 1971)
  • July 10 – Johannes Blaskowitz, German general (d. 1948)
  • July 16 – Charles Sheeler, American photographer, artist (d. 1965)
  • July 19
    • Max Fleischer, Austrian animator, film producer (Betty Boop) (d. 1972)
    • Beatrice Forbes, Countess of Granard, American-born heiress (d. 1972)
  • July 20 – Catherine Bramwell-Booth, English Salvation Army officer (d. 1987)
  • July 23 – Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke, British field marshal (d. 1963)
  • July 25 – Alfredo Casella, Italian composer (d. 1947)
  • July 26 – Edwin Balmer, American science fiction, mystery writer (d. 1959)
  • July 29
  • July 31 – Ramón Fonst, Cuban fencer (d. 1959)
  • August 2 – Aurelio Mosquera, Ecuadorian politician, 25th President of Ecuador (d. 1939)
  • August 6 – Scott Nearing, American political activist, economist, and simple living advocate (d. 1983)
  • August 9 – Chester Gillette, American murderer (execution) (d. 1908)
  • August 12
    • Pauline Frederick, American stage, screen actress (d. 1938)
    • Marion Lorne, American film, stage and television actress (d. 1968)
  • August 15 – Ivan Meštrović, Croatian sculptor and architect (d. 1962)
  • August 19
    • Coco Chanel, French fashion designer (d. 1971)[10]
    • Elsie Ferguson, American actress (d. 1961)
    • José Mendes Cabeçadas, 9th President of Portugal and 94th Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1965)
    • Axel Pehrsson-Bramstorp, 24th Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1954)
  • August 23
    • Jesse Pennington, English footballer (d. 1970)
    • Jonathan M. Wainwright, American general (d. 1953)
  • August 30 – Theo van Doesburg, Dutch artist, painter, architect, and poet (d. 1931)

September–October
Mel Sheppard
Otto Heinrich Warburg

November–December
Diego Martínez Barrio

Date unknown
  • Lotte Herrlich, German photographer (d. 1956)
  • Constantin Noe, Megleno-Romanian editor and professor (d. 1939)[12]
  • Chen Xiefen, Chinese feminist and journalist (d. 1923)
  • T. F. O'Rahilly, Irish academic (d. 1953)
  • Ali Ahmad Khan, Afghan politician and emir (d. 1929)
  • Ernest Spybuck, Native American artist (d. 1949[13]
  • Tran Trong Kim, Vietnamese historian and Prime Minister of the Empire of Vietnam (d. 1953)

Deaths

January–June
Richard Wagner
Keʻelikōlani
Karl Marx
Édouard Manet

July–December
Carl Wilhelm Siemens
  • July 15 – General Tom Thumb, American circus performer and entertainer (b. 1838)
  • July 22 – Edward Ord, U.S. Army officer (b. 1818)
  • July 23 – Rose Massey, English actress (b. 1851?)
  • July 24 – Matthew Webb, English sailor, first recorded person to swim the English Channel without the use of artificial aids (b. 1848)
  • July 27 – Montgomery Blair, American politician (b. 1813)
  • July 28 – Carlo Pellion di Persano, Italian admiral and politician (b. 1806)
  • August 24 – Henri, Count of Chambord, pretender to the French throne (b. 1820)
  • August 25 – Louise Lateau, Belgian mystic and stigmatist (b. 1850)
  • September 3 – Ivan Turgenev, Russian writer (b. 1818)
  • September 10 – Otto Pius Hippius, Baltic German architect (b. 1826)
  • September 17 – Junius Brutus Booth Jr., American actor and theatre manager (b. 1821)
  • October 5 – Joachim Barrande, French palaeontologist (b. 1799)
  • October 14 – Sir Arthur Elton, 7th Baronet, English writer and Liberal Party politician (b. 1818)
  • October 20 – George Chichester, 3rd Marquess of Donegall, Anglo-Irish landowner, courtier and politician (b. 1797)
  • October 22 – Thomas Mayne Reid, Irish-American novelist (b. 1818)
  • October 30
    • Dayananda Saraswati, Hindu religious leader (b. 1824)
    • Robert Volkmann, German composer (b. 1815)
  • November 19 – Carl Wilhelm Siemens, German engineer (b. 1823)
  • November 20 – Tenshoin, wife of 13th Shōgun of Japan, Tokugawa Iesada (b.1836)
  • November 29 – Elisabeth Dieudonné Vincent, Haitian-born migrant and free woman of colour (b. 1798)
  • December 13 – Victor de Laprade, French poet and critic (b. 1812)
  • December 27 – Andrew A. Humphreys, American general and civil engineer (b. 1810)

Dates unknown
Margaret Agnes Bunn
  • Margaret Agnes Bunn, British actress (b. 1799)
  • Jules Miot, French republican socialist (b. 1809)
  • Mary S. B. Shindler, American poet (b. 1810)

References
  1. ja:東京配電#沿革 (Japanese language edition) Retrieved on July 12, 2020.
  2. "Top 100 U.S. Magazines by Circulation" (PDF). PSA Research Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 15, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
  3. "History of the Hong Kong Observatory". Hong Kong Observatory. May 20, 2011. Archived from the original on January 11, 2019. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  4. World Intellectual Property Organization (1983). The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property from 1883 to 1983. WIPO. ISBN 978-92-805-0099-8.
  5. "History of melrose sevens". Archived from the original on February 18, 2014. Retrieved March 2, 2014.
  6. "SS Daphne". Clydebuilt Database. Archived from the original on July 7, 2006. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
  7. "Bisbee Massacre", in The Encyclopedia of Lawmen, Outlaws, and Gunfighters, Leon Claire Metz, ed. (Infobase Publishing, 2002) p25.
  8. Glete, Jan (1987). Asea under hundra år: 1883-1983. Västerås.
  9. Watson, Fiona R. (2004). "Young, Mary Helen (1883–1945), nurse and resistance worker". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/73212. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved August 24, 2022. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  10. "Coco Chanel | Biography, Fashion, Designs, Perfume, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
  11. Who's Who (96th ed.). New York: Macmillan Publishers. 1944. p. 2239. OCLC 49208358. Retrieved December 6, 2021.
  12. Bercin-Drăghicescu, Adina; Dorin, Lozovanu; Virgil, Coman (2012). Aromâni, meglenoromâni, istroromâni: aspecte identitare și culturale (in Romanian). Editura Universității din București. ISBN 9786061601486.
  13. "SPYBUCK, ERNEST (1883–1949)". Digital.library.okstate.edu. Oklahoma State University. Retrieved August 30, 2010.

Further reading and year books
  • 1883 Annual Cyclopedia (1884) online; highly detailed coverage of "Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry" for 1883; massive compilation of facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage. 897pp
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