1844

1844 (MDCCCXLIV) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1844th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 844th year of the 2nd millennium, the 44th year of the 19th century, and the 5th year of the 1840s decade. As of the start of 1844, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1844 in topic
Humanities
Archaeology – Architecture – Art
Film - Literature – Music - (jazz)
By country
Australia – Belgium – Brazil – Bulgaria – Canada – Denmark – France – Germany – Mexico – New Zealand – Norway – Philippines – Portugal – Russia – South Africa – Spain – Sweden – United Kingdom – United States – Venezuela
Other topics
Rail transport – Science – Sports
Lists of leaders
Sovereign states – State leaders – Territorial governors – Religious leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
Works
1844 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1844
MDCCCXLIV
Ab urbe condita2597
Armenian calendar1293
ԹՎ ՌՄՂԳ
Assyrian calendar6594
Baháʼí calendar0–1
Balinese saka calendar1765–1766
Bengali calendar1251
Berber calendar2794
British Regnal year7 Vict. 1 – 8 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar2388
Burmese calendar1206
Byzantine calendar7352–7353
Chinese calendar癸卯年 (Water Rabbit)
4540 or 4480
    — to —
甲辰年 (Wood Dragon)
4541 or 4481
Coptic calendar1560–1561
Discordian calendar3010
Ethiopian calendar1836–1837
Hebrew calendar5604–5605
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1900–1901
 - Shaka Samvat1765–1766
 - Kali Yuga4944–4945
Holocene calendar11844
Igbo calendar844–845
Iranian calendar1222–1223
Islamic calendar1259–1260
Japanese calendarTenpō 15 / Kōka 1
(弘化元年)
Javanese calendar1771–1772
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar4177
Minguo calendar68 before ROC
民前68年
Nanakshahi calendar376
Thai solar calendar2386–2387
Tibetan calendar阴水兔年
(female Water-Rabbit)
1970 or 1589 or 817
    — to —
阳木龙年
(male Wood-Dragon)
1971 or 1590 or 818
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1844.

In the Philippines, it was the only leap year with 365 days, as December 31 was skipped when 1845 began after December 30.

Events

January–March
February 28: USS Princeton deaths.

April–June
  • April 2 – The Fleet Prison for debtors in London is closed, marking a significant milestone in the country's human rights record.[2]
  • May 1 – The Hong Kong Police Force, the world's second and Asia's first modern, police force is established.
  • May 23 – Persian Prophet The Báb privately announces his revelation to Mullá Husayn, just after sunset, founding the Bábí faith (later evolving into the Baháʼí Faith as the Báb intended) in Shiraz, Persia (modern-day Iran). Contemporaneously, on this day in nearby Tehran, is the birth of `Abdu'l-Bahá; the eldest Son of Bahá'u'lláh, Prophet-Founder of the Baháʼí Faith, the inception of which, the Báb's proclaims His own mission is to herald. `Abdu'l-Bahá Himself is later proclaimed by Bahá'u'lláh to be His own successor, thus being the third "central figure" of the Baháʼí Faith.
  • May 24 – The first electrical telegram is sent by Samuel Morse from the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C. to the B&O Railroad "outer depot" in Baltimore, saying "What hath God wrought".
  • June–July – The Great Flood of 1844 hits the Missouri River and Mississippi River.
June 3: great auk
  • June 3 – The last definitely recorded pair of great auks are killed on the Icelandic island of Eldey.
  • June 6 – George Williams sets up (in London) what is often cited as the first youth organisation in the world[3] – "The Young Men's Christian Association", commonly known as YMCA. It will grow to a worldwide organisation based in Geneva, Switzerland, with more than 57 million beneficiaries from 125 national associations. George Williams aims to put Christian principles into practice by developing a healthy "body, mind, and spirit." These three angles are reflected by the different sides of the (red) triangle—part of all YMCA logos.
  • June 15 – Charles Goodyear receives a patent for vulcanization, a process to strengthen rubber.
  • June 22 – The Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity is founded. ΔΚΕ will be home to many well known VIPs, such as U.S. Presidents George W. Bush, George H. W. Bush, Gerald Ford, and Theodore Roosevelt.
  • June 27 – Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter-Day Saint movement, and his brother Hyrum, are murdered in Carthage Jail, Carthage, Illinois by an armed mob, leading to a Succession crisis. John Taylor, future president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, is severely injured but survives, while the fourth man inside the upper room, then-apostle Willard Richards, escapes with only a graze to his upper ear.[4]

July–September
  • July 3 – The United States signs the Treaty of Wanghia with the Chinese Government, the first ever diplomatic agreement between China and the United States.
  • August 8 – During a meeting held in Nauvoo, Illinois, the Quorum of the Twelve, headed by Brigham Young, is chosen as the leading body of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
  • August 10 – German astronomer Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel deduced from the motion of the brightest star Sirius that it had an unseen companion.[5]
  • August 14 – Abdelkader El Djezairi is defeated at the Battle of Isly in Morocco; sultan Abd al-Rahman of Morocco soon repudiates his ally.
  • August 16 – Narciso Claveria, Governor-General of the Philippines, makes a decree announcing that Monday, December 30, 1844, will be immediately followed by Wednesday, January 1, 1845. (Tuesday, December 31, 1844, is removed from the Philippine calendar because since 1521 the country has been one day behind its Asian neighbors).
  • August 28 – Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx meet in Paris, France.
  • September 25–27 – The first ever international cricket match is played in New York City, United States v Canadian Provinces.

October–December
  • October 18 - 1844 Salta earthquake. A magnitude 6.5 earthquake hits Argentina's Salta Province.
  • October 22 – This second date, predicted by the Millerites for the Second Coming of Jesus (and said to be 6,000 years from creation, relating them to the 6 days of creation, using a day-for-a-year bible principle, with which they proved that the 1,000 years of rest in heaven with God would total to 7,000 years, indicating the completion of creation in the beginning, which make 7 days, but the 7th day is for rest, same as the 7,000th year is for rest in heaven), leads to the Great Disappointment. The Seventh-day Adventist Church believes this date to be the starting point of the Investigative judgment, just prior to the Second Coming of Jesus, as declared in the 26th of 28 fundamental doctrines of Seventh-day Adventists.[6]
  • October 23 – The Báb is publicly proclaimed to be the promised one of Islam (the Qá'im, or Mahdi). He is also considered to be simultaneously the return of Elijah, John the Baptist, and the "Ushídar-Máh" referred to in the Zoroastrian scriptures.[7] He announces to the world the coming of "He whom God shall make manifest". He is considered the forerunner of Bahá'u'lláh – the founder of the Baháʼí Faith – whose claims include being the return of Jesus.
  • November 3 – Giuseppe Verdi's I due Foscari debuts at Teatro Argentina, Rome.
  • November 6 – The Dominican Republic drafts its first Constitution.
  • December 4 – U.S. presidential election, 1844: James K. Polk defeats Henry Clay.
  • November 13 – Hungarian becomes the official language of Hungary.[8]
  • December 21 – The Rochdale Pioneers commence business at their cooperative in Rochdale, England.

Date unknown
  • Swedish chemistry professor Gustaf Erik Pasch invents a safety match.
  • The anonymously written Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation is published, and paves the way for the acceptance of Darwin's book On the Origin of Species.
  • The Free Church Institution is established by Reverend Alexander Duff in Calcutta, India. This is later merged with the General Assembly's Institution to form the Scottish Church College, one of the pioneering institutions that ushers in the Bengali Renaissance.
  • In Munich the Feldherrnhalle is completed.
  • In Tibet, the Temple of Guardians burns down.

Births

January–March
Minna Canth
Patrick Collins
Garret Hobart
John Boyle O'Reilly

April–June
Mary Cassatt

July–September
Emily Ruete
Friedrich Nietzsche
Ludwig Grillich
Karl Benz
Queen Alexandra of Denmark

October–December

Date unknown
  • probable – Abdur Rahman Khan, Emir of Kabul, Emir of Kandahar, Emir of Afghanistan (d. 1901)

Deaths

January–June

July–December
Melchor Múzquiz

Date unknown
  • Ching Shih, Chinese pirate (b. 1775)
  • Robert Taylor, British Radical writer, freethought advocate (b. 1784)

References
  1. Sigurðardóttir, Heiða María; Emilsson, Páll Emil. "Hvenær var Alþingi stofnað?". visindavefur.is. Vísindavefurinn. Retrieved September 3, 2021.
  2. Robert Chambers, The Book of Days: A Miscellany of Popular Antiquities in Connection with the Calendar, Including Anecdote, Biography & History, Curiosities of Literature, and Oddities of Human Life and Character (W. & R. Chambers, 1888) p466
  3. History of youth work
  4. "Doctrine and Covenants 135". www.churchofjesuschrist.org. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
  5. Bessel, F. W. (December 1844). "On the Variations of the Proper Motions of Procyon and Sirius". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 6 (11): 136–141. Bibcode:1844MNRAS...6R.136B. doi:10.1093/mnras/6.11.136a.
  6. "Beliefs: The Official Site of the Seventh-day Adventist world church". Adventist.org. Archived from the original on March 10, 2006. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
  7. Shoghi, Effendi (1944). God Passes By. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. p. 58. ISBN 0-87743-020-9. Archived from the original on January 19, 2012. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
  8. Magyar Közlöny – A MAGYAR KÖZTÁRSASÁG HIVATALOS LAPJA 29 September, 2011
  9. Maijala, Minna. "Minna Canth (1844–1897)". Klassikkogalleria. Kristiina Institute, University of Helsinki. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  10. Panton, James (February 24, 2011). Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy. Scarecrow Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-8108-7497-8.
  11. Hollingdale, R. J. (1999). Nietzsche: The Man and His Philosophy. The Journal of Philosophy. Vol. 64. Cambridge University Press. pp. 215–219. ISBN 978-0-521-64091-6. JSTOR 2024055.
  12. Friedrich Schildberger (1968). Gottlieb Daimler, Wilhelm Maybach and Karl Benz. Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft. p. 59.
  13. "Queen Alexandra, wife of Edward VII". Westminster Abbey. Retrieved October 7, 2022.
  14. "Joseph Bonaparte | king of Spain and Naples". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
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