1843

1843 (MDCCCXLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1843rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 843rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 43rd year of the 19th century, and the 4th year of the 1840s decade. As of the start of 1843, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1843 in topic
Humanities
Archaeology – Architecture – Art
Film - Literature – Music - (jazz)
By country
Australia – Belgium – Brazil – Bulgaria – Canada – Denmark – France – Germany – Mexico – New Zealand – Norway – Philippines – Portugal – Russia – South Africa – Spain – Sweden – United Kingdom – United States – Venezuela
Other topics
Rail transport – Science – Sports
Lists of leaders
Sovereign states – State leaders – Territorial governors – Religious leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
Works
1843 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1843
MDCCCXLIII
Ab urbe condita2596
Armenian calendar1292
ԹՎ ՌՄՂԲ
Assyrian calendar6593
Balinese saka calendar1764–1765
Bengali calendar1250
Berber calendar2793
British Regnal year6 Vict. 1 – 7 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar2387
Burmese calendar1205
Byzantine calendar7351–7352
Chinese calendar壬寅年 (Water Tiger)
4539 or 4479
    — to —
癸卯年 (Water Rabbit)
4540 or 4480
Coptic calendar1559–1560
Discordian calendar3009
Ethiopian calendar1835–1836
Hebrew calendar5603–5604
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1899–1900
 - Shaka Samvat1764–1765
 - Kali Yuga4943–4944
Holocene calendar11843
Igbo calendar843–844
Iranian calendar1221–1222
Islamic calendar1258–1259
Japanese calendarTenpō 14
(天保１４年)
Javanese calendar1770–1771
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar4176
Minguo calendar69 before ROC
民前69年
Nanakshahi calendar375
Thai solar calendar2385–2386
Tibetan calendar阳水虎年
(male Water-Tiger)
1969 or 1588 or 816
    — to —
阴水兔年
(female Water-Rabbit)
1970 or 1589 or 817
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1843.

Events

January–March
  • January
  • January 3 – The Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms (海國圖志, Hǎiguó Túzhì) compiled by Wei Yuan and others, the first significant Chinese work on the West, is published in China.[1][2]
  • January 6 – Antarctic explorer James Clark Ross discovers Snow Hill Island.
  • January 20 – Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão, Marquis of Paraná, becomes de facto first prime minister of the Empire of Brazil.
  • February – Shaikh Ali bin Khalifa Al-Khalifa captures the fort and town of Riffa after the rival branch of the family fails to gain control of the Riffa Fort and flees to Manama. Shaikh Mohamed bin Ahmed is killed at the battle, called the Battle of Hunayniya.
  • February 3 – Uruguayan Civil War: Argentina supports Oribe of Uruguay, and begins a siege of Montevideo.
  • February 6 – The Virginia Minstrels perform the first minstrel show, at the Bowery Amphitheatre in New York City.
  • February 8 – An earthquake hits the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe, killing 1,500-5000 people.[3]
  • February 11 – Giuseppe Verdi's opera I Lombardi alla prima crociata premieres at La Scala in Milan.
  • February 14 – The event that will inspire The Beatles' song Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite! is held in England.
  • February 25 – Paulet Affair: Lord George Paulet occupies the Kingdom of Hawaii, in the name of Great Britain.
  • March 8 – The Danish government re-establishes the Althing in Iceland as an advisory body, by royal decree.
  • March 11–14 – Eta Carinae flares, to become the second-brightest star.
  • March 13 – Catawba County, North Carolina is created, and its first court is held in Mathias Barringer Jr.'s house.
  • March 15 – Victoria, British Columbia, is founded by the Hudson's Bay Company as a trading post and fort.
  • March 16 – The city of Petrópolis is founded by the government of Brazil.[4]
  • March 21 – The world does not end, contrary to the first prediction by American preacher William Miller.
  • March 24 – Battle of Hyderabad: The Bombay Army, led by Major General Sir Charles Napier, defeats the Talpur Mirs, securing Sindh as a province of British India.
  • March 25 – Marc Isambard Brunel's Thames Tunnel, the first tunnel under the River Thames and the world's first bored underwater tunnel, is opened in London.[5]

April–June
  • April 7 – The Indian Slavery Act, 1843 removes legal support for slavery within the territories of the East India Company
  • April 16 or 17 - A group of 24 West Indian Moravians from Jamaica and Antigua, recruited by the Danish minister and Basel missionary, Andreas Riis, arrive in Christiansborg (Osu), Gold Coast, now Ghana, to set up schools and Presbyterian churches in the country
  • May 4 – Natal is proclaimed a British colony.
  • May 18 – In Edinburgh, the Free Church of Scotland is disrupted from the Church of Scotland.
  • May 22 – The first major wagon train headed for the American Northwest sets out with 1,000 pioneers from Elm Grove, Missouri, on the Oregon Trail.
  • May 23 – Chile takes possession of the Strait of Magellan.
  • June 6 – In Barbados, Samuel Jackman Prescod is the first non-white person elected to the House of Assembly.
  • June 17 – In New Zealand, a posse of British settlers sent to arrest Māori chief Te Rauparaha clash with members of his Ngāti Toa tribe, resulting in 26 deaths.
  • June 21 – Edgar Allan Poe's short story "The Gold-Bug" begins serialization in American newspapers.

July–September
July 19: SS Great Britain launch
  • July – Margaret Fuller's "The Great Lawsuit. Man versus Men. Woman versus Women" appears in The Dial magazine in the United States.
  • July 12 – Origin of Latter Day Saint polygamy: Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement in the United States, receives a revelation recommending polygamy.
  • July 19 – Isambard Kingdom Brunel's SS Great Britain is launched from Bristol; it will be the first iron-hulled, propeller-driven ship to cross the Atlantic Ocean.[6]
  • July 25 – Père Antoine Désiré Mégret, a Capuchin missionary, purchases for $900 the land that will become Abbeville, Louisiana, a town founded by descendants of Acadians from Nova Scotia.
  • August 1 – Brazil becomes the second country, after Great Britain, to issue nationally valid postage stamps, with the release of its Bull's Eye series.
  • August 19 – Edgar Allan Poe's short story "The Black Cat" is first published in The Saturday Evening Post.
August 15: Tivoli Gardens

October–December

Date unknown
  • In Asia, the House of Jamalullail is established in the state of Perlis Darul Sunnah (formally as Perlis Indera Kayangan) after separation from the state of Kedah.
  • James Joule experimentally finds the mechanical equivalent of heat.[19]
  • The steam powered rotary printing press is invented, by Richard March Hoe in the United States.[20]
  • Saint Louis University School of Law becomes the first law school west of the Mississippi River.

Births

January
Bertha von Suttner

February

March
  • March 2 – Princess Maria Clotilde of Savoy daughter of Victor Emmanuel II of Italy, (d. 1911)
  • March 3
    • Aleksander Sochaczewski, Polish painter (d. 1923)
    • William Chandler Roberts-Austen, English metallurgist (d. 1902)
  • March 4 – John Barr, Canadian physician and politician (d. 1909
  • March 6 – Arthur Napoleão dos Santos, Portuguese composer (d. 1925)
  • March 7
    • Joseph James Cheeseman, Liberian politician, 12th President of Liberia (d.1896)
    • Tsuboi Kōzō, Japanese admiral (d. 1898)
    • Edwin H. Conger, American lawyer, banker and diplomat (d. 1907)
  • March 8 – Arthur Brown, U.S. senator from Utah (d. 1906)
  • March 9 – Abraham Abraham, American businessman (d. 1911)
  • March 10 – James D. Richardson, American politician (d. 1914)
  • March 11 – Harald Høffding, Danish philosopher and theologian (d. 1931)
  • March 12 – Ludwig Dahn, German actor (d. 1898)
  • March 14 – Léon Dehon, French Roman Catholic priest, founder of Priests of the Sacred Heart (d. 1925)
  • March 15 – Arichi Shinanojō, Japanese admiral (d. 1919)
  • March 16 – Louis Gregh, French composer (d. 1915)
  • March 17 – Henry Ware Lawton, American general (d. 1899)
  • March 18 – Jules Vandenpeereboom, Belgian politician (d. 1917)
  • March 22 – Hiram Y. Smith, American politician (d. 1894)
  • March 23 – Joseph F. Johnston, American politician (d. 1913)
  • March 24 – James A. Mount, 24th governor of Indiana (d. 1901)
  • March 26 – Johann Sioly, Austrian composer (d. 1911)
  • March 27 – George Frederick Leycester Marshall, English naturalist (d. 1934)
  • March 28 – Hippolyte Berteaux, French painter (d. 1926)
  • March 31 – Bernhard Förster, German teacher (d. 1889)

April
  • April 1 – Étienne Blanchard, Canadian politician (d. 1918)
  • April 2 – Karl Koester, German pathologist (d. 1904)
  • April 3 – Knut Ekwall, Swedish painter (d. 1912)
  • April 4 – William Henry Jackson, American explorer and photographer (d. 1942)
  • April 7
    • Ernest Munier-Chalmas, French geologist (d. 1903)
    • John Mount Batten, British soldier and landowner (d. 1916)
  • April 8 – Asger Hamerik, Danish composer (d. 1923)
  • April 9 – Samuel W. Pennypacker, American politician and 23rd governor of Pennsylvania (d. 1916)
  • April 11 – Johannes Minckwitz, German chess player (d. 1901)
  • April 13 – Thomas Pennington Lucas, Scottish-born Australian medical practitioner, naturalist, author, philosopher and utopianist (d. 1917)
  • April 14 – Gustave Huberti, Flemish composer (d. 1910)
  • April 15 – Henry James, American novelist (d. 1916)[22]
  • April 17 – Camillo Sitte, Austrian architect (d. 1903)
  • April 18 – Josiah Wood, Canadian lawyer, entrepreneur, mayor, parliamentarian, and the 13th Lieutenant Governor of the province of New Brunswick (d. 1927)
  • April 21 – Walther Flemming, German biologist (d. 1905)
  • April 22 – George I. Alden, American mechanical engineer and academic innovator (d. 1926)
  • April 25 – Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, third child of Queen Victoria (d. 1878)
  • April 29 – Pedro Américo, Brazilian novelist, poet, scientist, art theorist, essayist, philosopher, politician and professor (d. 1905)
  • April 30 – Edward Colborne Baber, English orientalist (d. 1890)

May
  • May 2 – Karl Michael Ziehrer, Austrian composer (d. 1922)
  • May 3 – William Lyne Wilson, American politician (d. 1900)
  • May 4 – Eugène Revillout, French Egyptologist (d. 1913)
  • May 5 – William George Beers, Canadian dentist (d. 1900)
  • May 6 – Grove Karl Gilbert, American geologist (d. 1918)
  • May 7 – Léon Melchissédec, French baritone (d. 1925)
  • May 8 – Rudolf Mosse, German publisher (d. 1920)
  • May 9 – Anton von Werner, German painter (d. 1915)
  • May 10 – Benito Pérez Galdós, Spanish novelist (d. 1920)[23]
  • May 13 – Paul de Smet de Naeyer, Belgian politician (d. 1913)
  • May 15 – Georges Hartmann, French music publisher and dramatist (d. 1900)
  • May 16 – Charles Robert Wynn-Carington, 1st Marquess of Lincolnshire, English politician (d. 1928)
  • May 19 – Axel Gudbrand Blytt, Norwegian botanist and geologist (d. 1898)
  • May 20 – Itō Sukeyuki, Japanese admiral (d. 1914)
  • May 21
  • May 22 – Adolf Aron Baginsky, German professor of diseases (d. 1918)
  • May 23 – Yevgeni Ivanovich Alekseyev, Russian admiral and politician (d. 1917)
  • May 25 – Paul Scheffer-Boichorst, German historian (d. 1902)
  • May 27 – Prince Paul of Thurn and Taxis, son of Maximilian Karl, 6th Prince of Thurn and Taxis (d. 1879)
  • May 28 – Joyce Emmerson Preston Muddock, British journalist (d. 1934)
  • May 29
    • Émile Pessard, French composer (d. 1917)
    • Patrick Craigie, British agricultural statistician (d. 1930)
  • May 30 – Louis Boehmer, German-American agronomist (d. 1896)
  • May 31 – Fredrikke Marie Qvam, Norwegian humanitarian leader, feminist and liberal politician (d. 1938)

June

July
Camillo Golgi
Robert Koch
Lydia Koidula
Queen Elisabeth of Wied

August

September

October

November

December
  • Date unknown – Adelaida Lukanina, Russian chemist (d. 1908)[27]

Deaths

January–June

July–December
Marie-Madeleine Lachenais
Howqua

Date unknown
  • Emma Jane Greenland, English painter (b. 1760)

References
  1. Hao, Yen-p'ing; Wang, Erh-min (1980). Fairbank, John King; Twitchett, Denis Crispin (eds.). The Cambridge History of China: Late Ch'ing 1800-1911. Cambridge History of China. Vol. 11. Cambridge University Press. p. 148. ISBN 978-0521-2202-93.
  2. Leonard, Jane Kate (1984). Wei Yuan and China's Rediscovery of the Maritime World. Harvard East Asian Monographs. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University. ISBN 978-0674-9485-56.
  3. "Guadeloupe Earthquake, Antilles, 1843". The Illustrated History of Natural Disasters. Springer, Dordrecht. April 3, 2018. p. 163. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-3325-3_38. ISBN 978-90-481-3324-6.
  4. "Emperor Street". World Digital Library. 1860–1870. Retrieved August 24, 2013.
  5. Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 978-0-14-102715-9.
  6. "Royal Visit". The Bristol Mirror. July 20, 1843. pp. 1–2.
  7. Fuegi, John; Francis, Jo (October–December 2003). "Lovelace & Babbage and the creation of the 1843 'notes'". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 25 (4): 16–26. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2003.1253887.
  8. "Ada Byron, Lady Lovelace". Archived from the original on July 21, 2010. Retrieved July 11, 2010.
  9. Menabrea, L. F. (1843). "Sketch of the Analytical Engine Invented by Charles Babbage". Scientific Memoirs. 3. Archived from the original on September 13, 2010. Retrieved October 1, 2010.
  10. p. 345 of the Lutheran Cyclopedia
  11. "William Rowan Hamilton Plaque". Geograph. 2007. Retrieved March 8, 2011.
  12. Wen-Hsin Yeh, The Alienated Academy: Culture and Politics in Republican China, 1919-1937 (Harvard University Asia Center, 2000) p51
  13. Edward Denison and Guang Yu Ren, Building Shanghai: The Story of China's Gateway (John Wiley & Sons, 2013)
  14. George Dennis, A Handbook for Travellers in Sicily: Including Palermo, Messina, Catania, Syracuse, Etna, and the Ruins of the Greek Temples (John Murray Publishers, 1864) p429
  15. Jan Kozák and Vladimir Cermák, The Illustrated History of Natural Disasters (Springer, 2010) p55
  16. Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 266–267. ISBN 978-0-7126-5616-0.
  17. Dickens, Charles (2006). Douglas-Fairhurst, Robert (ed.). A Christmas Carol and other Christmas Books. Oxford world's classics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280694-9.
  18. Buday, György (1992). "The history of the Christmas card". Omnigraphics: 8.
  19. Joule, J. P. (1843). "On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat". Abstracts of the Papers Communicated to the Royal Society of London. 5: 839. doi:10.1098/rspl.1843.0196.
  20. Meggs, Philip B. (1998). A History of Graphic Design (3rd ed.). Wiley. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-471-29198-5. It receives U.S. Patent 5,199 in 1847 and is placed in commercial use the same year.
  21. Boléo, Maria Luísa V. de Paiva Boléo (2006). "Oito Presidentes para a História (1910–1926): Teófilo Braga (1843–1924)" (in Portuguese). Lisbon: O Leme.
  22. Woolf, Judith (1991). Henry James: the major novels. Cambridge New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 1. ISBN 9780521316552.
  23. Lisa P. Condé (1990). Stages in the Development of a Feminist Consciousness in Pérez Galdós (1843-1920): A Biographical Sketch. E. Mellen Press. p. 18. ISBN 9780889463752.
  24. "Bertha von Suttner". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved June 6, 2019.
  25. Teale, Ruth. "Abbott, Joseph (1843–1903)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Melbourne University Press. ISSN 1833-7538. Retrieved August 27, 2014 – via National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.
  26. Miljan, Toivo (2004). Historical dictionary of Estonia. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press. p. 285. ISBN 9780810865716.
  27. Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey; Harvey, Joy Dorothy (January 1, 2000). The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: L-Z. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780415920407.
  28. "Guadalupe Victoria" (in Spanish). Historia-Biografia.com. November 21, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
  29. Hölderlin, Friedrich (1988). Friedrich Hölderlin: essays and letters on theory. Albany, N.Y: State University of New York Press. p. xiv. ISBN 9780887065583.
  30. Day, Lance; McNeil, Ian (September 11, 2002). Biographical Dictionary of the History of Technology. Routledge. p. 786. ISBN 978-1-134-65019-4.
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