Taxane

Taxane
Drug class
Names
Stem-taxel[1]
Clinical data
Common typesCabazitaxel, docetaxel, paclitaxel[1]
Taxane
Names
IUPAC name
Taxane[2]
Preferred IUPAC name
(4R,4aR,6S,9R,10S,12aS)-4,9,12a,13,13-Pentamethyltetradecahydro-6,10-methanobenzo[10]annulene
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
PubChem CID
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C20H36/c1-14-7-6-11-20(5)12-10-17-15(2)8-9-16(13-18(14)20)19(17,3)4/h14-18H,6-13H2,1-5H3/t14-,15-,16+,17+,18-,20+/m1/s1
    Key: DKPFODGZWDEEBT-QFIAKTPHSA-N
  • InChI=1S/C20H36/c1-14-7-6-11-20(5)12-10-17-15(2)8-9-16(13-18(14)20)19(17,3)4/h14-18H,6-13H2,1-5H3/t14-,15-,16+,17+,18-,20+/m1/s1
    Key: DKPFODGZWDEEBT-QFIAKTPHSA-N
SMILES
  • C[C@@H]1CCC[C@@]2([C@@H]1C[C@@H]3CC[C@H]([C@@H](C3(C)C)CC2)C)C
Properties
Chemical formula
 C20H36
Molar mass 276.508 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references
Baccatin III (left) Paclitaxel (right)
10-Deacetylbaccatin (left) Docetaxel (right)

Taxanes are a class of diterpenes. They were originally identified from plants of the genus Taxus (yews), and feature a taxadiene core. Paclitaxel (Taxol) and docetaxel (Taxotere) are widely used as chemotherapy agents.[3][4] Cabazitaxel was FDA approved to treat hormone-refractory prostate cancer.

Taxanes present difficulties in formulation as medicines because they are poorly soluble in water.

Production

As their name suggests, taxanes were first derived from natural sources, but some have been semisynthesized. Paclitaxel was originally derived from the Pacific yew tree.[5][6] Taxanes are difficult to synthesize because of their numerous chiral centres — taxol has 11 of these.

Recently, the presence of taxanes in the shells and leaves of Corylus avellana (the common hazel plant) has been reported.[7][8]

Mechanism of action

The principal mechanism of action of the taxane class of drugs is the disruption of microtubule function. Microtubules are essential to cell division, and taxanes stabilize GDP-bound tubulin in the microtubule, thereby inhibiting the process of cell division as depolymerization is prevented. Thus, in essence, taxanes are mitotic inhibitors. In contrast to the taxanes, the vinca alkaloids prevent mitotic spindle formation through inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Both taxanes and vinca alkaloids are, therefore, named spindle poisons or mitosis poisons, but they act in different ways. Taxanes are also thought to be radiosensitizing.

Substances

Chemical structure of hongdoushan A

Hongdoushans A-C are oxygenated taxane diterpenes, isolated from the wood of Taxus wallichiana. Hongdoushan A (C29H44O7), hongdoushan B (C27H40O7), and hongdoushan C (C27H42O6) are reported to have anticancer activity in vitro.[9]

Names

Taxanes are usually treated as synonymous with taxoids. The name "taxol" began as a common noun (analogous with other terms in which a genus name root was suffixed with -ol or -in), but it was later capitalized as a trade name, and the international nonproprietary name of the compound is paclitaxel.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Common Stem -taxel". english.prescrire.org. N°225: 91. April 2021. Archived from the original on 1 April 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
  2. ↑ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2014). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 1540. doi:10.1039/9781849733069. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
  3. ↑ Hagiwara, H.; Sunada, Y. (2004). "Mechanism of taxane neurotoxicity". Breast Cancer (Tokyo, Japan). 11 (1): 82–85. PMID 14718798.
  4. ↑ Rowinsky, MD, Eric K. (February 1997). "THE DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL UTILITY OF THE TAXANE CLASS OF ANTIMICROTUBULE CHEMOTHERAPY AGENTS". Annual Review of Medicine. 48 (1): 353–374. doi:10.1146/annurev.med.48.1.353. PMID 9046968.
  5. ↑ Hacker, Miles (2009). "Adverse Drug Reactions": 327–352. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-369521-5.00013-0. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. ↑ Weaver, Beth A.; Bement, William (2014). "How Taxol/paclitaxel kills cancer cells". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 25 (18): 2677–2681. doi:10.1091/mbc.e14-04-0916. ISSN 1059-1524.
  7. ↑ Ottaggio, Laura; Bestoso, Federica; Armirotti, Andrea; Balbi, Alessandro; Damonte, Gianluca; Mazzei, Mauro; Sancandi, Monica; Miele, Mariangela (2008). "Taxanes from Shells and Leaves of Corylus avellana". Journal of Natural Products. 71 (1): 58–60. doi:10.1021/np0704046. PMID 18163585.
  8. ↑ Hoffman, Angela M; Shahidi, Fereidoon (January 2009). "Paclitaxel and other taxanes in hazel". Journal of Functional Foods. 1 (1): 33–37. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2008.09.004.
  9. ↑ Banskota AH, Usia T, Tezuka Y, Kouda K, Nguyen NT, Kadota S (2002). "Three new C-14 oxygenated taxanes from the wood of Taxus yunnanensis". J Nat Prod. 65 (11): 1700–2. doi:10.1021/np020235j. PMID 12444707.
This article is issued from Offline. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.