2011

2011 (MMXI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2011th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 11th year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 2nd year of the 2010s decade.

From top to bottom, left to right: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrates the independence of South Sudan, the world's newest country; the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami devastates Eastern Japan and kills nearly 20,000 people; Minecraft is released and goes on to become the best-selling video game; the 2011 Norway attacks mark the rise of white supremacist terrorism across the west; The U.S. national security team gathered in the White House Situation Room to monitor the progress of Operation Neptune Spear that killed Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden; Anti-government protests called the Arab Spring arose in 2010–2011, and as a result, many governments were overthrown in the Middle East and Northern Africa.

Millennium: 3rd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
2011 by topic:
Arts
Animation (Anime) – Architecture – Comics – Film (Horror, Science fiction) – Literature (Poetry) – Music (Classical, Country, Hip hop, Jazz, Latin, Metal, Rock, UK, US, Korea) – Radio – Photo – Television – Video games
Politics and government
Elections – International leaders – Sovereign states
Sovereign state leaders – Territorial governors
Science and technology
Archaeology – Biotechnology – Computing – Palaeontology – Quantum computing and communication – Senescence research – Space/Astronomy – Spaceflight – Sustainable energy research
Environment and environmental sciences
Birding/Ornithology – Climate change – Weather
Transportation
Aviation – Rail transport – Transportation technology
Sports
American football – Association football – Athletics (sport) – Badminton – Baseball – Basketball – Chess – Combat sports – Cricket – Cycling – Golf – Ice hockey – Rugby union – Swimming – Tennis – Volleyball
By place
Afghanistan – Albania – Algeria – Andorra – Angola – Antarctica – Antigua and Barbuda – Argentina – Armenia – Australia – Austria – Azerbaijan – Bangladesh – The Bahamas – Bahrain – Barbados – Belarus – Belgium – Belize – Benin – Bhutan – Bolivia – Bosnia and Herzegovina – Botswana – Brazil – Brunei – Bulgaria – Burkina Faso – Burundi – Cambodia – Cameroon – Canada – Cape Verde – Central African Republic – Chad – Chile – China – Colombia – Costa Rica – Comoros – Congo – D.R. Congo – Croatia – Cuba – Cyprus – Czech Republic – Denmark – Djibouti – Dominica – Dominican Republic – East Timor – Ecuador – Egypt – El Salvador – Eritrea – Estonia – Ethiopia – Eswatini – Equatorial Guinea – Fiji – Finland – France – Gabon – The Gambia – Georgia – Germany – Ghana – Greece – Grenada – Guatemala – Guinea – Guinea-Bissau – Guyana – Haiti – Honduras – Hong Kong – Hungary – Iceland – India – Indonesia – Iran – Iraq – Ireland – Israel – Italy – Ivory Coast – Jamaica – Japan – Jordan – Kazakhstan – Kenya – Kiribati – Kosovo – Kuwait – Kyrgyzstan – Laos – Latvia – Lebanon – Lesotho – Liberia – Liechtenstein – Libya – Lithuania – Luxembourg – Macau – Madagascar – Marshall Islands – Malawi – Malaysia – Maldives – Mali – Malta – Mauritania – Mauritius – Mexico – Micronesia – Moldova – Monaco – Mongolia – Montenegro – Morocco – Mozambique – Myanmar – Nauru – Namibia – Nepal – Netherlands – New Zealand – Nicaragua – Niger – Nigeria – North Korea – North Macedonia – Norway – Oman – Pakistan – Palau – Palestine – Panama – Papua New Guinea – Paraguay – Peru – Philippines – Poland – Portugal – Qatar – Romania – Russia – Rwanda – Saint Kitts and Nevis – Saint Lucia – Saint Vincent and the Grenadines – Samoa – San Marino – São Tomé and Príncipe – Saudi Arabia – Senegal – Serbia – Seychelles – Sierra Leone – Singapore – Slovakia – Slovenia – Somalia – Somaliland – South Africa – Solomon Islands – South Korea – South Sudan – Spain – Sri Lanka – Sudan – Suriname – Sweden – Switzerland – Syria – Taiwan – Tajikistan – Tanzania – Thailand – Togo – Tonga – Trinidad and Tobago – Tunisia – Turkey – Turkmenistan – Tuvalu – Uganda – Ukraine – United Arab Emirates – United Kingdom – United States – Uruguay – Uzbekistan – Vanuatu – Vatican City – Venezuela – Vietnam – Yemen – Zambia – Zimbabwe
Other topics
Religious leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works and introductions categories
Works – Introductions
Works entering the public domain
2011 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar2011
MMXI
Ab urbe condita2764
Armenian calendar1460
ԹՎ ՌՆԿ
Assyrian calendar6761
Baháʼí calendar167–168
Balinese saka calendar1932–1933
Bengali calendar1418
Berber calendar2961
British Regnal year59 Eliz. 2 – 60 Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar2555
Burmese calendar1373
Byzantine calendar7519–7520
Chinese calendar庚寅年 (Metal Tiger)
4707 or 4647
    — to —
辛卯年 (Metal Rabbit)
4708 or 4648
Coptic calendar1727–1728
Discordian calendar3177
Ethiopian calendar2003–2004
Hebrew calendar5771–5772
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat2067–2068
 - Shaka Samvat1932–1933
 - Kali Yuga5111–5112
Holocene calendar12011
Igbo calendar1011–1012
Iranian calendar1389–1390
Islamic calendar1432–1433
Japanese calendarHeisei 23
(平成２３年)
Javanese calendar1943–1945
Juche calendar100
Julian calendarGregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar4344
Minguo calendarROC 100
民國100年
Nanakshahi calendar543
Thai solar calendar2554
Tibetan calendar阳金虎年
(male Iron-Tiger)
2137 or 1756 or 984
    — to —
阴金兔年
(female Iron-Rabbit)
2138 or 1757 or 985
Unix time1293840000 – 1325375999
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2011.

The most notable event of the year was the Arab Spring that involved the killing of Muammar Gaddafi in Libya as part of a series of protests and government overthrows that swept through the Middle East.

2011 was designated as:

  • International Year of Forests
  • International Year of Chemistry[1]
  • International Year for People of African Descent

In 2011, the nation of Samoa only had 364 days as it moved across the International Date Line skipping December 30, 2011; it is now 24 hours ahead of American Samoa.[2][3]

Events

January
  • January 1
    • Estonia officially adopts the Euro currency and becomes the 17th Eurozone country.[4]
    • A bomb explodes as Coptic Christians in Alexandria, Egypt leave a new year service, killing 23 people.
    • Flight 348 with 134 occupants, operated by Kolavia, catches fire while taxiing out for take-off. Three people are killed and 43 were injured, four critically, from smoke inhalation or burns.
  • January 4 – Tunisian street vendor Mohamed Bouazizi dies after setting himself on fire a month earlier, sparking anti-government protests in Tunisia and later other Arab nations. These protests become known collectively as the Arab Spring.[5][6]
  • January 5 – Internet vigilante group Anonymous launches DoS attacks on Syrian, Tunisian, Bahraini, Egyptian, Libyan, and Jordanian government websites in response to the Arab Spring protests.[7][8]
  • January 9 – Iran Air Flight 277 crashes near Orumiyeh in the northeast of the country, killing 78 people.
  • January 14 – The Tunisian government falls after a month of increasingly violent protests; President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali flees to Saudi Arabia after 23 years in power.[9][10]
  • January 15 – The result of the South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011 is in favour of independence, paving the way for the creation of the new state in July.[11][12]
  • January 24 – 37 people are killed and more than 180 others wounded in a bombing at Domodedovo International Airport in Moscow, Russia.[13][14][15]
  • January 25 – The 2011 Egyptian revolution begins.
  • January 27 – Within Ursa Minor, H1504+65, a white dwarf with the hottest known surface temperature in the universe at 200,000 K, was documented.[16]

February
  • February 11 – Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak resigns after widespread protests calling for his departure, leaving control of Egypt in the hands of the military until a general election can be held.[17]
  • February 15 – The First Libyan Civil War starts.
  • February 22 – March 14 – Uncertainty over Libyan oil output causes crude oil prices to rise 20% over a two-week period following the Arab Spring,[18] causing the 2011 energy crisis.
  • February 22 – A 6.3 magnitude earthquake strikes Christchurch, in what became New Zealand's third-deadliest natural disaster. Over 180 people were killed, many within the CTV Building, including many foreign citizens. Many foreign search and rescue workers responded to the event.

March
  • March 6 – Civil uprising phase of the Syrian Civil War is triggered when 15 youths in Daraa are arrested for scrawling graffiti on their school wall denouncing the regime of President Bashar al-Assad.
  • March 11 – A 9.1-magnitude earthquake and subsequent tsunami hit the east of Japan, killing 15,840 and leaving another 3,926 missing. Tsunami warnings are issued in 50 countries and territories. Emergencies are declared at four nuclear power plants affected by the quake.[19]
  • March 15
    • Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, King of Bahrain, declares a three-month state of emergency as troops from the Gulf Co-operation Council are sent to quell the civil unrest.[20][21]
    • Protests breakout across Syria demanding democratic reforms, resignation of President Bashar al-Assad, and release of those imprisoned for the March 6 Daraa protest.[22] The government responds by killing hundreds of protesters and laying siege to various cities, beginning the Syrian Civil War.[23]
  • March 17 – The United Nations Security Council votes 10–0 to create a no-fly zone over Libya in response to allegations of government aggression against civilians.[24]
  • March 19 – In light of continuing attacks on Libyan rebels by forces in support of leader Muammar Gaddafi,[25] military intervention authorized under UNSCR 1973 begins as French fighter jets make reconnaissance flights over Libya.[26]

April

May
  • May 2 – U.S. President Barack Obama announces that Osama bin Laden, the founder and leader of the militant group Al-Qaeda, was killed on May 2, 2011 (PKT, UTC+05) during an American military operation in Pakistan.[37]
  • May 5 – Supremo Tribunal Federal approves wedding between people of the same gender in Brazil.
  • May 10–14 – The Eurovision Song Contest 2011 takes place in Düsseldorf, Germany, and is won by Azeri entrants Ell & Nikki with the song "Running Scared".
  • May 16 – The European Union agrees to a €78 billion rescue deal for Portugal. The bailout loan will be equally split between the European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism, the European Financial Stability Facility, and the International Monetary Fund.[38]
  • May 21 – Grímsvötn, Iceland's most active volcano, erupts and causes disruption to air travel in Northwestern Europe.[39]
  • May 22 – The 2011 Joplin tornado, an EF5 tornado, strikes Joplin, Missouri, killing 158 and injuring 1,150.
  • May 26 – Former Bosnian Serb Army commander Ratko Mladić, wanted for genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity, is arrested in Serbia.[40][41]

June
  • June 4 – Chile's Puyehue volcano erupts, causing air traffic cancellations across South America, New Zealand and Australia, and forcing over 3,000 people to evacuate.
  • June 21 – Game-Art-HQ website is launched.[42]
  • June 26 – July 17 – The 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup takes place in Germany and is won by Japan.
  • June 28 – The Food and Agriculture Organization announces the eradication of the cattle plague rinderpest from the world.[43]

July

August

September

October
  • October 4 – The death toll from the flooding of Cambodia's Mekong river and attendant flash floods reaches 207.[75]
  • October 18
    • Gilad Shalit prisoner exchange: Israel and the Palestinian militant organization Hamas begin a major prisoner exchange, in which the captured Israeli Army soldier Gilad Shalit is released by Hamas in exchange for 1,027 Palestinian and Israeli-Arab prisoners held in Israel, including 280 prisoners serving life sentences for planning and perpetrating terror attacks.[76][77][78]
    • Dozens of exotic animals were released from their enclosures at the Muskingum County Animal Farm in Zanesville, Ohio resulting in the need of local law enforcement to hunt and kill 48 animals including 18 tigers, 6 black bears, 2 grizzly bears, 2 wolves, 1 macaque monkey, 1 baboon, 3 mountain lions and 17 African lions
  • October 20
    • Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi is killed in Sirte, with National Transitional Council forces taking control of the city and ending the war.[79][80][81][82]
    • Basque separatist militant organisation ETA declares an end to its 43-year campaign of political violence, which has killed over 800 people since 1968.[83]
  • October 23 – A magnitude 7.2 Mw earthquake jolts eastern Turkey near the city of Van, killing over 600 people and damaging about 2,200 buildings.[84]
  • October 27 – After an emergency meeting in Brussels, the European Union announces an agreement to tackle the European sovereign debt crisis which includes a writedown of 50% of Greek bonds, a recapitalisation of European banks and an increase of the bailout fund of the European Financial Stability Facility totaling to €1 trillion.[85][86]
  • October 29 – A large snowstorm produced unusual amounts of early snowfall across the northeastern United States and the Canadian Maritimes, leaving 1.7 million people without power and disrupting travel.[87]
  • October 31
    • Date selected by the UN as the symbolic date when global population reaches seven billion.[88]
    • UNESCO admits Palestine as a member, following a vote which 107 member states support and 14 oppose.[89]

November

December
  • December 15 – The United States formally declares an end to the Iraq War. While this ends the insurgency, it begins another.[94][95][96][97][98]
  • December 16 – Tropical Storm Washi causes 1,268 flash flood fatalities in the Philippines, with 85 people officially listed as missing.[99]
  • December 17 – North Korean leader Kim Jong-il dies of either a heart attack or stroke on his way to a field guidance.
  • December 29 – Samoa and Tokelau move from east to west of the International Date Line, thereby skipping December 30, in order to align their time zones better with their main trading partners.[100]

Births
  • January 8 – Prince Vincent and Princess Josephine of Denmark

Deaths
Deaths
January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December

January
Gerry Rafferty
Sargent Shriver

February
Necmettin Erbakan
Jane Russell

March
Krishna Prasad Bhattarai
Dame Elizabeth Taylor

April
Sidney Lumet
William Lipscomb

May
Osama bin Laden
Randy Savage

June
Jack Kevorkian
Frederick Chiluba
  • June 3
    • James Arness, American actor (b. 1923)
    • Andrew Gold, American singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1951)
    • Jack Kevorkian, American euthanasia advocate (b. 1928)
  • June 4 – Lawrence Eagleburger, American diplomat (b. 1930)
  • June 5 – Ludo Martens, Belgian writer and political activist (b. 1946)
  • June 7 – Jorge Semprún, Spanish writer and politician (b. 1923)
  • June 8 – Anatole Abragam, French physicist (b. 1914)
  • June 9
    • M. F. Husain, Indian painter (b. 1915)
    • Josip Katalinski, Bosnian footballer (b. 1948)
    • Tomoko Kawakami, Japanese voice actress (b. 1970)
  • June 10 – Patrick Leigh Fermor, British travel writer, scholar, and soldier (b. 1915)
  • June 12 – Laura Ziskin, American film producer (b. 1950)
  • June 18
  • June 20 – Ryan Dunn, American television personality (b. 1977)
  • June 23 – Peter Falk, American actor (b. 1927)
  • June 24 – Tomislav Ivić, Croatian footballer and manager (b. 1933)
  • June 25 – Alice Playten, American actress (b. 1947)

July
Otto von Habsburg
Nguyễn Cao Kỳ
Amy Winehouse
  • July 2 – Itamar Franco, 37th President of Brazil (b. 1930)
  • July 4 – Archduke Otto of Austria, (b. 1912)
  • July 5 – Cy Twombly, American painter (b. 1928)
  • July 8
    • Roberts Blossom, American actor and poet (b. 1924)
    • Betty Ford, American feminist, activist, philanthropist and First Lady of the United States (b. 1918)
  • July 9 – Facundo Cabral, Argentine singer (b. 1937)
  • July 10 – Roland Petit, French choreographer and dancer (b. 1924)
  • July 11 – Tom Gehrels, American astronomer (b. 1925)
  • July 15
    • Đặng Văn Quang, South Vietnamese military officer (b. 1929)
    • Friedrich Wilhelm Schnitzler, German landowner, politician, and businessman (b. 1928)
  • July 17 – Juan María Bordaberry, 36th President of Uruguay (b. 1928)
  • July 20 – Lucian Freud, German-born British painter (b. 1922)
  • July 22 – Linda Christian, Mexican actress (b. 1923)
  • July 23
  • July 24 – G. D. Spradlin, American actor (b. 1920)
  • July 25 – Michael Cacoyannis, Cypriot filmmaker (b. 1922)
  • July 26 – Joe Arroyo, Colombian salsa and tropical music singer (b. 1955)
  • July 28 – Abdul Fatah Younis, Libyan army commander (b. 1944)
  • July 30 – Mario Echandi Jiménez, 47th President of Costa Rica (b. 1915)

August
Baruj Benacerraf
Harri Holkeri
Vicco von Bülow
  • August 2 – Baruj Benacerraf, Venezuelan-born American Nobel immunologist (b. 1920)
  • August 3 – Bubba Smith, American football player and actor (b. 1945)
  • August 4 – Naoki Matsuda, Japanese footballer (b. 1977)
  • August 5
    • Francesco Quinn, Italian-American actor (b. 1963)
    • Pak Seung-zin, North Korean footballer (b. 1941)
    • Aziz Shavershian, Russian-Australian bodybuilder (b. 1989)
  • August 6 – John Wood, English actor (b. 1930)
  • August 7
    • Harri Holkeri, 36th Prime Minister of Finland (b. 1937)
    • Nancy Wake, New Zealand-born French Resistance fighter (b. 1912)
  • August 11 – Jani Lane, American singer (Warrant) (b. 1964)
  • August 14 – Shammi Kapoor, Indian film actor and director (b. 1931)
  • August 16 – Andrej Bajuk, 3rd Prime Minister of the Republic of Slovenia (b. 1943)
  • August 17 – Pierre Quinon, French pole vaulter (b. 1962)
  • August 19 – Raúl Ruiz, Chilean film director (b. 1941)
  • August 22
    • Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani, Prime Minister of Northern Yemen (b. 1939)
    • Vicco von Bülow, German actor, comedian, and film director (b. 1923)
  • August 31 – Valery Rozhdestvensky, Soviet-Russian cosmonaut (b. 1939)

September
Rudolf Mössbauer
Wangari Maathai
Ralph M. Steinman

October
Steve Jobs
Muammar Gaddafi
Sultan bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
  • October 1 – Sven Tumba, Swedish hockey player (b. 1931)
  • October 4 – Doris Belack, American actress (b. 1926)
  • October 5
    • Steve Jobs, American computer entrepreneur (b. 1955)
    • Charles Napier, American actor (b. 1936)
  • October 6 – Diane Cilento, Australian actress and author (b. 1933)
  • October 7 – Ramiz Alia, 1st President of Albania (b. 1925)
  • October 8 – Mikey Welsh, American musician and artist (b. 1971)
  • October 10 – Jagjit Singh, Indian singer, composer and musician (b. 1941)
  • October 11 – Frank Kameny, American gay rights activist (b. 1925)
  • October 12 – Dennis Ritchie, American computer scientist (b. 1941)
  • October 16 – Dan Wheldon, English racing car driver (b. 1978)
  • October 18 – Norman Corwin, American radio writer, director and producer (b. 1910)
  • October 20
    • Muammar Gaddafi, Libyan dictator (b. 1942)
    • Mutassim Gaddafi, National Security Advisor of Libya (b. 1974)
    • Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr, Libyan Minister of Defence (b. 1940)
    • Iztok Puc, Slovenian handball player (b. 1966)
  • October 22 – Sultan, Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia, (b. 1930)
  • October 23
    • Herbert A. Hauptman, American mathematician and Nobel laureate in chemistry (b. 1917)
    • Bronislovas Lubys, 5th Prime Minister of Lithuania (b. 1938)
    • Marco Simoncelli, Italian motorcycle road racer (b. 1987)
  • October 24 – John McCarthy, American computer scientist (b. 1927)
  • October 26 – Jona Senilagakali, Prime Minister of Fiji (b. 1929)
  • October 29 – Jimmy Savile, English DJ, television presenter, media personality, and charity fundraiser (b. 1926)
  • October 31
    • Flórián Albert, Hungarian footballer (b. 1941)
    • Ali Saibou, 3rd President of Niger (b. 1940)

November
Joe Frazier
Gary Speed

December
Harry Morgan
Cesária Évora
Kim Jong-il
Václav Havel

Nobel Prizes

New English words

See also
  •  2010s portal

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