雨
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Translingual
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Alternative forms
- In mainland China, Japan and Korea, the inner dots of the character is written as ⿰⺀⺀.
- In Taiwan, Hong Kong and Vietnam, the inner dots of the character is written as 冫 and its mirror image ⿱㇀⼂.
- When this character is used as an upper radical component, the form is different depending on the script used.
- For Ming typeface (明體/明朝体):
- In mainland China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam, the radical component resembles ⻗ (
U+2ED7
) with four horizontal lines which is also the historical form used in the Kangxi dictionary. - In Taiwan and Hong Kong, the radical component resembles the character itself (with 冫 and its mirror image) but the lower right hook of 冂 is omitted.
- In mainland China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam, the radical component resembles ⻗ (
- For regular script (楷書):
- For Ming typeface (明體/明朝体):
Han character
雨 (radical 173, 雨+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 一中月卜 (MLBY), four-corner 10227, composition ⿻帀⿰⺀⺀(GJK) or ⿱一𠕒(HTV))
- Kangxi radical #173, ⾬.
Derived characters
- Index:Chinese radical/雨
References
- KangXi: page 1371, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42210
- Dae Jaweon: page 1878, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4057, character 1
- Unihan data for U+96E8
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
雨 | |
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variant forms | 㲾 𠕒 𠕘 𠕲 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 雨 | ||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形) – a cloud with drops of rain falling from it.
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k/r/s-wa.
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
雨
- rain
- 雷以動之,風以散之,雨以潤之,日以烜之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: I Ching, 3rd – 2nd millennia BCE
- Léi yǐ dòng zhī, fēng yǐ sàn zhī, yǔ yǐ rùn zhī, rì yǐ xuǎn zhī. [Pinyin]
- Thunder serves to put things in motion; wind to scatter (the genial seeds of) them; rain to moisten them; the sun to warm them.
雷以动之,风以散之,雨以润之,日以烜之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † (figuratively) friend
- † (figuratively) teaching; instruction
Compounds
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Pronunciation 2
Definitions
雨
- † to rain
- 雨我公田,遂及我私。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Yù wǒ gōng tián, suì jí wǒ sī. [Pinyin]
- May it rain first on our public fields, and then come to our private!
- † to fall from the sky (like the rain)
- 北風其涼,雨雪其雱。惠而好我,攜手同行。其虛其邪,既亟只且。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Běi fēng qí liáng, yù xuě qí pāng. Huì ér hào wǒ, xié shǒu tóng xíng. Qí xū qí xié, jì jí zhǐ qiě. [Pinyin]
- Cold blows the north wind; Thick falls the snow. Ye who love and regard me, let us join hands and go together. Is it a time for delay? The urgency is extreme!
北风其凉,雨雪其雱。惠而好我,携手同行。其虚其邪,既亟只且。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
Template:ja-Han characters
Readings
- Go-on: う (u, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: う (u, Jōyō)
- Kun: あめ (ame, 雨, Jōyō); あま (ama, 雨, Jōyō, uncommon); さめ (same, 雨)
- The さめ (same) reading occurs as epenthesis (instead of the more common あめ (ame)) in terms such as 小雨 (kosame, “light rain, drizzle”) and 春雨 (harusame, “spring rain”).
Compounds
- 雨傘 (amagasa, “umbrella”)
- 雨雲 (amagumo, “rain cloud”)
- 雨蛙 (amagaeru, “tree frog”)
- 雨笠 (amagasa, “rain hat”)
- 雨間 (amaai, “break in the rain”)
- 雨気 (amake, “signs of rain”)
- 雨脚 (amaashi), 雨足 (ameashi, “passing shower”)
- 雨具 (amagu, “rain gear”)
- 雨空 (amazora, “threatening sky”)
- 雨靴 (amagutsu, “overshoes”)
- 雨戸 (amado, “sliding storm door”)
- 雨水 (amamizu, “rain water”)
- 雨着 (amagi, “raincoat”)
- 雨曇 (amagumori, “overcast weather”)
- 雨樋 (amadoi, “drainpipe”)
- 雨風 (amakaze), 雨風 (amekaze, “rain and wind”)
- 雨粒 (amatsubu), 雨粒 (ametsubu, “raindrop”)
- 雨露 (ametsuyu, “rain and dew”)
- 雨霰 (amearare, “rain and hail”)
- 雨垂れ (amadare, “raindrops”)
- 雨降り (amefuri, “in the rain”)
- 雨乞い (amagoi, “praying for rain”)
- 雨止み (amayami, “break in the rain”)
- 雨宿り (amadayori, “taking shelter from rain”)
- 雨避け (amayoke), 雨除け (amayoke, “shelter from rain”)
- 雨上り (ameagari, “after the rain”)
- 雨続き (ametsuzuki, “raining for days on end”)
- 雨曝し (amazarashi, “weatherbeaten”)
- 雨落ち (amaochi), 雨落ち (ameochi, “raindrops fall from eaves”)
- 雨漏り (amamori, “roof leak”)
- 雨合羽 (amagappa, “raincoat”)
- 雨支度 (amajitaku), 雨仕度 (amajitaku, “preparation for rain”)
- 梅雨 (tsuyu, “rainy season”)
- 大雨 (ōame, “heavy rain”)
- 俄雨 (niwakaame, “shower”)
- 春雨 (harusame, “spring rain”)
- 小雨 (kosame, “drizzle”)
- 時雨 (shigure, “late fall rain”)
- 五月雨 (samidare, “early summer rain”)
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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雨 |
あめ Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
Cognate with 雨 (same, “rain”). Found both alone and in compounds. Perhaps derived from /same/ → /ame/ with loss of the initial /s/; see same reading below for more.
Noun
- rain
- 一雨ごとに春が来る ― hito ame goto ni haru ga kuru ― spring nears by each rainfall
- 931–938, Wamyō Ruijushō, book 1, page 24:
- 雨 設文云、雨、音禹、阿女○山田本有和名二字、谷川氏曰、阿女天水之急呼、謂如水從天下也、水從雲中而下也
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
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雨 |
さめ Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
Cognate with 雨 (ame, “rain”).
Appears as the latter part in older compounds with an -s- infix or prefix. It is unclear if this leading /s/ is indicative of an earlier form (same), or if this was an epenthesis for euphony to avoid vowel clusters, or for other reasons. This /s/ is also seen in 青 (ao, becoming sao in old compounds) and 稲 (ine, becoming shine in old compounds).
Given that this /s/ only ever appears interstitially, and given the semantics, this /s/ may be cognate with Korean interfix -ᄉ- (-s-) used to mark possession, much like English 's.
Usage notes
Now used only in compounds.
Derived terms
Affix
Derived terms
- 雨域 (uiki, “rainy area”)
- 雨期 (uki), 雨季 (uki, “rainy season”)
- 雨気 (uki, “signs of rain”)
- 雨後 (ugo, “after rain”)
- 雨声 (usei, “sound of rain”)
- 雨中 (uchū, “in the rain”)
- 雨注 (uchū, “showering upon”)
- 雨滴 (uteki, “rain drops”)
- 雨天 (uten, “rainy weather”)
- 雨氷 (uhyō, “freezing rain”)
- 雨量 (uryō, “rainfall”)
- 雨林 (urin, “rainforest”)
- 雨露 (uro, “rain and dew”)
- 降雨 (kōu, “rainfall”)
- 豪雨 (gōu, “heavy rain”)
- 梅雨 (baiu, “rainy season”)
- 風雨 (fūu, “wind and rain”)
References
- Minamoto, Shitagō; Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.
Okinawan
Compounds
- 雨小 (あみぐぁー, amigwā, “light rain, drizzle, mizzle, sprinkle”)
- 雨降い (あみふい, amifui, “raining, rainy, rainfall”)
- 一雨 (ちゅあみ, chuami, “rainfall, shower”)
Vietnamese
Han character
References
- Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- Trần (2004).
- Bonet (1899).
- Génibrel (1898).
Yoron
Derived terms
- 長雨 (ながみ, nagami, “rainy season”)