1905
1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1905th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 905th year of the 2nd millennium, the 5th year of the 20th century, and the 6th year of the 1900s decade. As of the start of 1905, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1905 by topic |
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| Gregorian calendar | 1905 MCMV |
| Ab urbe condita | 2658 |
| Armenian calendar | 1354 ԹՎ ՌՅԾԴ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6655 |
| Baháʼí calendar | 61–62 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1826–1827 |
| Bengali calendar | 1312 |
| Berber calendar | 2855 |
| British Regnal year | 4 Edw. 7 – 5 Edw. 7 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2449 |
| Burmese calendar | 1267 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7413–7414 |
| Chinese calendar | 甲辰年 (Wood Dragon) 4601 or 4541 — to — 乙巳年 (Wood Snake) 4602 or 4542 |
| Coptic calendar | 1621–1622 |
| Discordian calendar | 3071 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1897–1898 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5665–5666 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1961–1962 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1826–1827 |
| - Kali Yuga | 5005–5006 |
| Holocene calendar | 11905 |
| Igbo calendar | 905–906 |
| Iranian calendar | 1283–1284 |
| Islamic calendar | 1322–1323 |
| Japanese calendar | Meiji 38 (明治３８年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1834–1835 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 13 days |
| Korean calendar | 4238 |
| Minguo calendar | 7 before ROC 民前7年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 437 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2447–2448 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳木龙年 (male Wood-Dragon) 2031 or 1650 or 878 — to — 阴木蛇年 (female Wood-Snake) 2032 or 1651 or 879 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1905.
As the second year of the massive Russo-Japanese War begins, more than 100,000 die in the largest world battles of that era, and the war chaos leads to the 1905 Russian Revolution against Nicholas II of Russia (Shostakovich's 11th Symphony is subtitled The Year 1905 to commemorate this) and the start of Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland. Canada and the U.S. expand west, with the Alberta and Saskatchewan provinces and the founding of Las Vegas. 1905 is also the year in which Albert Einstein, at this time resident in Bern, publishes his four Annus Mirabilis papers in Annalen der Physik (Leipzig) (March 18, May 11, June 30 and September 27), laying the foundations for more than a century's study of theoretical physics.
Events
"Baby New Year", a cartoon by John T. McCutcheon depicting the new year 1905 chasing the old 1904 into the history books
1905: Einstein's "miracle year"
January
January 22 (9 O.S.): The Bloody Sunday massacre of Russian demonstrators at the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg
- January 1 – Russo-Japanese War: The Russian Army surrenders at Port Arthur, in Qing Dynasty China.[1]
- January 5 – Baroness Emma Orczy's play The Scarlet Pimpernel, the forerunner of her novel, opens at the New Theatre in London, beginning a run of 122 performances and numerous revivals.[2]
- January 22 (January 9 O.S.) – The Bloody Sunday massacre of peaceful Russian demonstrators at the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg, helps trigger the abortive Revolution of 1905.
- January 26 – (January 13 O.S.) Russian Revolution of 1905: The Imperial Russian Army opens fire on demonstrators in Riga, Governorate of Livonia, killing 73 and injuring 200 people.
February
- February 16 – At Haulbowline Base in Ireland, two explosions on board HM Submarine A5, due to gasoline fumes after refueling, kill six of eleven crew members.
- February 17 – At Fremantle, Australia, the RMS Orizaba is wrecked, but all 160 passengers and the mail are saved.
- February 20 – Russo-Japanese War: The Battle of Mukden begins in Manchuria.
- February 23 – Rotary International is founded, in Chicago, Illinois.
March
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March 3: Nicholas II of Russia creates the Duma
- March 3 – Tsar Nicholas II of Russia agrees to create an elected assembly (the Duma).
- March 4 – Second inauguration of Theodore Roosevelt: Theodore Roosevelt is sworn in for a full term as 26th President of the United States.
- March 5 – Russo-Japanese War: Russian troops begin to retreat from Mukden, after losing 100,000 troops in 3 days.
- March 10
- Russo-Japanese War: The Japanese capture of Mukden (modern-day Shenyang) completes the rout of Russian armies in Manchuria.
- Cassie Chadwick is sentenced for 14 years in Cleveland, Ohio, for fraud.
- March 13 – Mata Hari introduces her exotic dance act in the Musée Guimet, Paris.[3]
- March 18 – Albert Einstein submits for publication his paper "On a heuristic viewpoint concerning the production and transformation of light", in which he explains the photoelectric effect using the notion of light quanta (published June 9).
- March 20 – Grover Shoe Factory disaster: A boiler explosion, building collapse and fire in Brockton, Massachusetts, kills 58.
- March 23 – Theriso revolt: About 1,500 men, led by Eleftherios Venizelos, meet at the village of Theriso in Crete to challenge the island's authoritarian government and press for its unification with Greece.
- March 31 – Wilhelm II, German Emperor asserts German equality with France in Morocco, triggering the Tangier or First Moroccan Crisis.
April
- April 1 – The Imperial Penny Post is extended to include Australia.[4]
- April 2 – The Simplon Tunnel is officially opened, through the Alps.
- April 3 – Boca Juniors football club is founded in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- April 4 – In India, the 1905 Kangra earthquake hits the Kangra Valley, kills 20,000 and destroys most buildings in Kangra, McLeod Ganj and Dharamshala.
- April 6 – Lochner v. New York: The Supreme Court of the United States invalidates New York's 8-hour-day law.
- April 14 – Erik Gustaf Boström resigns as Prime Minister of Sweden over the issue of the Swedish-Norwegian Union; his Minister without Portfolio, Johan Ramstedt, becomes the new Prime Minister of Sweden.
- April 30 – Albert Einstein completes his doctoral dissertation, A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions (submitted July 30 to the University of Zurich).
May
- May 5 – Las Vegas is founded when 110 acres (45 ha) of land adjacent to the Union Pacific Railroad tracks were auctioned to what is now today Downtown Las Vegas.[5]
- May 11 – Albert Einstein submits for publication his paper "Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen" ("On the Motion of Small Particles Suspended in a Stationary Liquid, as Required by the Molecular Kinetic Theory of Heat"), based on his doctoral research, delineating a stochastic model of Brownian motion (published July 18).
- May 17 – Kappa Delta Rho is founded in Room 14 of Old Painter Hall, at Middlebury College in Middlebury, Vermont.
- May 22 – The Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Abdul Hamid II establishes the Ullah Millet for the Aromanians of the empire. For this reason, the Aromanian National Day is sometimes celebrated on this day.[6]
- May 23 – The Ottoman Sultan's decision to create the Ullah Millet is publicly announced. This day is the most common date for the celebration of the Aromanian National Day.[7]
- May 27–28 – Russo-Japanese War – Battle of Tsushima: The Japanese fleet under Admiral Heihachiro Togo destroys the Russian fleet under Admiral Zinovi Petrovich Rozhdestvenski, in a 2-day battle.
June
- June 7 – The Norwegian Parliament declares dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden, giving Norway full independence.
- June 9 – Charlton Athletic F.C. is founded in London, England.
- June 15 – Princess Margaret of Connaught marries Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden, Duke of Skåne (Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden).
- June 21 – The New York Central Railroad's flagship passenger train, the 20th Century Limited, is derailed in an apparent act of sabotage in Mentor, Ohio, killing 21.
- June 27 – (June 14 O.S.): Mutiny breaks out on the Russian ironclad Potemkin.
- June 29 – The Automobile Association is founded in the United Kingdom.
- June 30 – Albert Einstein submits for publication his paper "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", establishing his theory of special relativity (published September 26).
July
- July 8 – President Theodore Roosevelt sends his 21-year-old daughter, Alice Roosevelt Longworth, and her party on a diplomatic journey to Japan, the Philippines, Hong Kong, China and Korea.[8]
- July 22 – Taft–Katsura Secret Agreement: The United States and Japan meet to discuss their respective positions regarding Korea and the Philippines.
- July 22 – Florence Kelly delivers speech about child labor before the convention of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in Philadelphia.
- July 23 – Alfred Deakin becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the second time.
- July 24 – An magnitude 8.4 earthquake strikes Mongolia and Becoming the second Biggest recorded in Mongolia.
August
- August – Mexican-American prospector Pablo Valencia gets lost in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona with no water.
- August 2
- Businessman and right-wing politician Christian Lundeberg becomes Prime Minister of Sweden.
- The Ancient Order of Druids initiate neo-Druidic rituals at Stonehenge in England.
- August 12
- Leopold II of Belgium opens the Antwerpen-Central railway station.
- The first running takes place of the Shelsley Walsh Speed Hill Climb in England, the world's oldest motorsport event to be staged continuously on its original course.
- Aug 20 – Sun Yat-sen, Chinese revolutionary, forms the first chapter of T'ung Meng Hui, a union of all secret societies determined to bringing down the Manchu dynasty.
September
- September 1 – The Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan are established, from the southwestern part of the Northwest Territories.
- September 5 – Russo-Japanese War: Treaty of Portsmouth – In New Hampshire, a treaty mediated by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt is signed by Japan and Russia. Russia cedes the island of Sakhalin together with port and rail rights in Manchuria to Japan.
- September 8 – The 7.2 Mw Calabria earthquake shakes Southern Italy with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), killing between 557 and 2,500 people.
- September 10 – Crystal Palace F.C. is founded in London.
- September 27 – Albert Einstein submits for publication his paper "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?", in which he puts forward the idea of mass–energy equivalence by publishing the famous equation E = mc2 (published November 21).
October
October 2: HMS Dreadnought
- October – Fauvist artists, led by Henri Matisse and André Derain, first exhibit their works, at the Salon d'Automne in Paris.
- October 1 – Turkish Football team Galatasaray was founded in Istanbul.
- October 1 – A Czech worker, František Pavlík (b. 1885), is bayoneted to death during a demonstration for a Czech university in Brno. This event is the motivation for a piano sonata, 1. X. 1905, by composer Leoš Janáček, which premières on 27 January 1906.
- October 2 – HMS Dreadnought (1906) is laid down in the United Kingdom, revolutionizing battleship design and triggering a naval arms race.
- October 5 – The Wright brothers' third aeroplane (Wright Flyer III) stays in the air for 39 minutes with Wilbur piloting, the first aeroplane flight lasting over half an hour.
- October 11 – The Institute of Musical Art, predecessor of the Juilliard School, opens in New York City.[9]
- October 16 – The Partition of Bengal is made by Lord Curzon to separate the region of Bengal into Muslim and Hindu territories until its reunification in 1911.
- October 26 – Sweden–Norway agrees to the repeal of the union with Norway, forming the two modern countries today.[10]
- October 29 (October 16 O.S.) – In the Russian Empire:
- Russian Revolution of 1905: The Imperial Russian Army opens fire on a meeting at a street market in Tallinn, Governorate of Estonia, killing 94 and injuring over 200 people.
- The Circum-Baikal Railway is brought into permanent operation, completing through rail communication on the Trans-Siberian Railway.
- October 30
- (October 17 Old Style) – October Manifesto: Tsar Nicholas II of Russia is forced to announce the granting of his country's first constitution (the Russian Constitution of 1906), conceding a national assembly (State Duma) with limited powers.
November
- November 1 – Lahti, the city of Finland, is granted city rights by Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, the last Grand Duke of Finland.[11]
- November 4 – The application of the infamous February Manifesto, removing the veto of the Diet of the autonomous Grand Principality of Finland over matters considered by the Emperor to concern Russian imperial interests, is interrupted by the new November Manifesto. The Senate of Finland is ordered to put forward a proposal for parliamentary reform, based on unicameralism and universal and equal suffrage.
- November 7 – Lawyer and liberal politician Karl Staaff becomes Prime Minister of Sweden, after a Riksdag election based mainly on voting rights reform.
- November 9 – The Province of Alberta, Canada, holds its first general election.
- November 12 – Norway holds a referendum, resulting in popular approval of the Storting's decision to authorise the government to make the offer of the throne of the newly independent country.
- November 17 – The Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905 ("Eulsa Treaty") effectively makes Korea a protectorate of Japan.
- November 18 – Prince Carl of Denmark becomes King Haakon VII of Norway.
- November 28 – Irish nationalist Arthur Griffith founds Sinn Féin in Dublin, as a political party whose goal is independence for all of Ireland.
- November–December – Russian Revolution of 1905: In the Baltic governorates, workers and peasants burn and loot hundreds of Baltic German manors. The Imperial Russian Army thereafter executes and deports thousands of looters.
December
- December 2 – Norsk Hydro, predecessor of Equinor, a state-run energy product and grid brand in Scandinavia, founded in Norway.[12]
- December 7–18 – Moscow Uprising: A Bolshevik-led revolt is suppressed by the army.
- December 9 – The 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State is passed, enacting laïcité.
- December 11 – In support of the Moscow Uprising, the Council of Workers' Deputies of Kiev stages a mass uprising, establishing the Shuliavka Republic in the city, December 12–16.
- December 15 – The Pushkin House is established in Saint Petersburg, Russia, to preserve the cultural heritage of Alexander Pushkin.
- December 16 – In Rugby Union, the "Game of the Century" is played between Wales and New Zealand at Cardiff Arms Park.
- December 30
- A bomb kills Frank Steunenberg, ex-governor of Idaho; the case leads to a trial against leaders of the Western Federation of Miners.
- Franz Lehár's operetta The Merry Widow is first performed, at the Theater an der Wien, Vienna.
Date unknown
- The title Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is officially recognized by Edward VII.
- Pathé Frères colors black and white films by machine.
- Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer are banned from the Brooklyn Public Library, for setting a "bad example."
- Alfred Einhorn introduces novocaine.
- Wolves become extinct in Japan.
- Civil service examinations are abolished in Qing dynasty China.
- Ta-Ching Government Bank, predecessor of Bank of China, is founded in Peiping.
Births
January – March
Tex Ritter
Takeo Fukuda
Takashi Shimura
Berthold Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg
- January 1 – Malek Bennabi, Algerian philosopher (d. 1973)
- January 2
- Michael Tippett, English composer (d. 1998)[13]
- Anna May Wong, American actress (d. 1961)
- January 3 – Nobuhito, Prince Takamatsu, younger brother of Japanese Emperor Hirohito (d. 1987)[14]
- January 4 – Sterling Holloway, American actor (d. 1992)
- January 12 – Tex Ritter, American actor and singer (d. 1974)[15]
- January 13 – Kay Francis, American actress (d. 1968)
- January 14 – Takeo Fukuda, 67th Prime Minister of Japan (1976-1978) (d. 1995)[16]
- January 15 – Torin Thatcher, English actor, Lieutenant colonel of the Royal Artillery (d. 1981)
- January 17
- January 18 – Joseph Bonanno (Joe Bananas), American gangster (d. 2002)
- January 21 – Christian Dior, French couturier (d. 1957)
- January 24 – J. Howard Marshall, American billionaire (d. 1995)[17]
- January 26
- January 29 – Barnett Newman, American painter (d. 1970)
- January 31 – John O'Hara, American writer (d. 1970)[19]
- February 1 – Emilio Segrè, Italian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1989)
- February 2 – Ayn Rand, American author, philosopher (The Fountainhead) (d. 1982)[20]
- February 7
- February 10
- February 13 – Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan, Pakistani stateswoman, First Lady of Pakistan (d. 1990)
- February 15 – Harold Arlen, American popular music composer (d. 1986)[23]
- February 17 – Frans Piët, Dutch comics artist (Sjors en Sjimmie) (d. 1997)[24]
- February 23 – Derrick Henry Lehmer, American mathematician (d. 1991)
- February 27 – Franchot Tone, American actor (d. 1968)
- March 3 – Marie Glory, French silent-screen actress (d. 2009)
- March 10 – Richard Haydn, English comic actor (d. 1985)
- March 12 – Takashi Shimura, Japanese actor (d. 1982)
- March 15 – Berthold Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, German lawyer, Nazi opponent (d. 1944)
- March 16 – Elisabeth Flickenschildt, German actress (d. 1977)
- March 18
- March 19 – Albert Speer, German Nazi official, architect (d. 1981)
- March 20 – Vera Panova, Soviet-Russian writer (d. 1973)
- March 23
- March 25 – Pote Sarasin, Thai diplomat and politician, 9th Prime Minister of Thailand (d. 2000)
- March 30
April – June
Serge Lifar
George H. Hitchings
- April 1
- Gaston Eyskens, Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 1988)
- Paul Hasluck, Australian statesman, 17th Governor-General of Australia (d. 1993)
- April 18 – George H. Hitchings, American physician, pharmacologist and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
- April 21 – Pat Brown, American lawyer, politician and 32nd Governor of California (d. 1996)
- April 25 – George Nēpia, New Zealand Maori rugby player (d. 1986)
- April 26 – Raúl Leoni, President of Venezuela (d. 1972)
- April 29 – George Beamish, British Royal Air Force air marshal, Irish rugby player (d. 1967)
- April 30 – Sergey Nikolsky, Russian mathematician (d. 2012)
- May 3 – Werner Fenchel, German mathematician (d. 1988)
- May 5 – Floyd Gottfredson, American cartoonist, primarily known for the Mickey Mouse comic strip (d. 1986)
- May 9 – Lilí Álvarez, Spanish tennis player, author and feminist (d. 1998)
- May 11
- May 13 – Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, Indian lawyer, politician and 5th President of India (d. 1977)
- May 15 – Joseph Cotten, American actor (d. 1994)
- May 16 – Henry Fonda, American actor (d. 1982)[26]
- May 17 – Roy Nelson, American cartoonist (d. 1956)
- May 20 – Gerrit Achterberg, Dutch poet (d. 1962)[27]
- May 22 – Tom Driberg, British politician/journalist (d. 1976)[28]
- May 24 – Mikhail Sholokhov, Russian novelist, short story writer and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1984)[29]
- May 27
- May 28 – Sada Abe, Japanese actress (d. 1970)
- May 29 – Sebastian Shaw, English actor (d. 1994)
- June 1 – Robert Newton, English actor (d. 1956)
- June 3
- June 5 – John Abbott, English actor (d. 1996)
- June 7 – James J. Braddock, Irish-American wrestler (d. 1974)
- June 11 – Paul Wormser, French fencer (d. 1944)
- June 12 – Ray Barbuti, American athlete (d. 1975)
- June 13 – Franco Riccardi, Italian fencer (d. 1968)
- June 14
- June 19 – Mildred Natwick, American stage, film actress (d. 1994)
- June 21
- Tino Bianchi, Italian actor (d. 1996)
- Jean-Paul Sartre, French existentialist (d. 1980)[30]
- Zeng Xueming, Chinese midwife, wife of Hồ Chí Minh (d. 1991)
- June 23
- June 24 – Fred Alderman, American sprint runner (d. 1998)
- June 25
- June 26 – Jack Longland, British educator, mountain climber and broadcaster (d. 1993)
- June 27
- June 28 – Ashley Montagu, British-American anthropologist (d. 1999)
- June 29 – Oswald Denison, New Zealand rower (d. 1990)
- June 30
July – September
- July 2 – Eugene E. Lindsey, United States Navy officer (d. 1942)
- July 3
- Johnny Gibson, American runner, Olympic athlete (d. 2006)
- Clorinda Málaga de Prado, First Lady of Peru (d. 1993)
- July 4
- July 5 – Jock Cameron, South African cricketer (d. 1935)
- July 6 – Leonid Pavlovich Potapov, Russian ethnographer (d. 2000)
- July 8
- July 10 – Thomas Gomez, American actor (d. 1971)
- July 11
- July 12
- July 13
- July 14 – Laurence Chisholm Young, American mathematician (d. 2000)
- July 15
- July 16 – Lou Garland, American baseball player (d. 1990)
- July 17
- July 19
- Geertje Kuijntjes, Dutch supercentenarian (d. 2019)
- Giuseppe Girotti, Italian Roman Catholic priest and blessed (d. 1945)
- July 20 – Joseph Levis, American fencer (d. 2005)
- July 21
- July 22 – Doc Cramer, American baseball player (d. 1990)
- July 23 – Leopold Engleitner, Austrian Holocaust survivor (d. 2013)
- July 25
- Elias Canetti, Bulgarian-born British writer (d. 1994)
- Masazō Nonaka, Japanese supercentenarian (d. 2019)
- Denys Watkins-Pitchford, British writer of children's books (d. 1990)
- July 26 – Alex Radcliffe, American baseball player (d. 1983)
- July 29
- Clara Bow, American film actress (d. 1965)
- Dag Hammarskjöld, Swedish diplomat, 2nd Secretary-General of the United Nations (d. 1961)
- July 30 – Pedro Quartucci, Argentine boxer, actor (d. 1983)
- July 31 – Robert A. Grant, American judge (d. 1998)
- August 2
- August 4 – Abeid Karume, 1st President of Zanzibar (assassinated) (d. 1972)
- August 8 – André Jolivet, French composer (d. 1974)[32]
- August 9 – Leo Genn, English actor (d. 1978)[33]
- August 11 – Erwin Chargaff, Austrian biochemist (d. 2002)
- August 13 – Gareth Jones, Welsh journalist (d. 1935)
- August 16 – Marian Rejewski, Polish mathematician, cryptologist (d. 1980)
- August 20
- August 22 – John Lyng, Norwegian politician, prime minister (d. 1978)
- August 23 – Constant Lambert, British composer (d. 1951)[34]
- August 24 – Siaka Stevens, President of Sierra Leone (d. 1988)
- August 25 – Faustina Kowalska, Polish "Secretary of Divine Mercy", saint (d. 1938)
- August 28 – Sam Levene, American actor (d. 1980)
- August 29
- August 31 – Dore Schary, American film writer, director and producer (d. 1980)
- September 1
- September 3 – Carl David Anderson, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
- September 5
- Arthur Koestler, Hungarian-born novelist and social philosopher (d. 1983)[36]
- Justiniano Montano, Filipino politician (d. 2005)
- Walther Müller, German physicist (d. 1979)
- September 10 – Ibrahim Biçakçiu, Albanian politician, 2-time Prime Minister of Albania (d. 1977)
- September 12
- September 18
- Eddie Anderson, African-American actor (d. 1977)
- Agnes de Mille, American choreographer (d. 1993)
- Greta Garbo, Swedish actress (d. 1990)
- September 19 – Judith Auer, German World War II resistance fighter (d. 1944)
- September 20 – Reinhold O. Carlson, American politician (d. 2006)
- September 22
- September 24 – Severo Ochoa, Spanish–American biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
- September 26
- September 28 – Max Schmeling, German boxer (d. 2005)
- September 30
- Savitri Devi, Greek writer, National Socialist philosopher (d. 1982)
- Nevill Francis Mott, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)
- Michael Powell, English film director (d. 1990)
October – December
- October 6 – Helen Wills, American tennis player (d. 1998)
- October 7 – Andy Devine, American character actor (d. 1977)
- October 11 – Fred Trump, American real estate developer, father of Donald J. Trump, 45th President of the United States (d. 1999)
- October 15 – C. P. Snow, English novelist (d. 1980)[37]
- October 18 – Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President of Ivory Coast (d. 1993)
- October 23
- Felix Bloch, Swiss-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1983)[38]
- Claude de Cambronne, French aircraft manufacturer (d. 1993)
- Yen Chia-kan, 2nd President of the Republic of China (d. 1993)
- October 29
- October 31 – Harry Frederick Harlow, American psychologist (d. 1981)
- November 2
- November 3 – Lois Mailou Jones, African-American artist (d. 1998)
- November 4 – Dragutin Tadijanović, Croatian poet (d. 2007)
- November 5 – Sajjad Zaheer, Indian-born Urdu writer, revolutionary (d. 1973)
- November 7 – William Alwyn, English composer (d. 1985)[39]
- November 9 – Erika Mann, German author, war correspondent (d. 1969)
- November 15 – Mantovani, Italian-born conductor, arranger (d. 1980)[40]
- November 17
- November 19 – Tommy Dorsey, American bandleader (d. 1956)[41]
- November 21 – Georgina Battiscombe, British biographer (d. 2006)
- November 25 – Samiha Ayverdi, Turkish author and Sufi mystic (d. 1993)
- December 5
- Frank Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford, British peer, politician and reformer (d. 2001)
- Otto Preminger, Austrian-born American film director (d. 1986)
- December 7
- December 8 – Frank Faylen, American actor (d. 1985)
- December 11 – Gilbert Roland, Mexican-born American actor (d. 1994)
- December 16 – Ruben Nirvi, Finnish linguist and professor (d. 1986)[42]
- December 17 – Simo Häyhä, Finnish sniper (d. 2002)
- December 19 – Irving Kahn, American financial analyst, investor (d. 2015)
- December 21 – Anthony Powell, British author (d. 2000)[43]
- December 22 – Kenneth Rexroth, American poet (d. 1982)
- December 24 – Howard Hughes, American millionaire, aviation pioneer and film mogul (d. 1976)
- December 27 – Cliff Arquette (Charley Weaver), American comic (d. 1974)
- December 31 – Jule Styne, English-born composer (d. 1994)[44]
Date unknown
- Gershon Liebman, French rabbi (d. 1997)
Deaths
January–February
Adolph von Menzel
- January 1
- Johannes Ludovicus Paquay, Belgian Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1828)
- Mabel Cahill, Irish tennis champion (b. 1863)
- January 2 – Clara Augusta Jones Trask, American dime novelist (b. 1839)
- January 6
- January 9 – Louise Michel, French anarchist (b. 1830)
- January 11 – Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter, Polish Hasidic rabbi (b. 1847)
- January 14 – Ernst Abbe, German physicist (b. 1840)
- January 19 – Debendranath Tagore, Indian philosopher (b. 1817)[45]
- January 20 – Gyula Szapáry, 10th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1832)
- January 22
- January 27 – Watson Heston, American cartoonist (b. 1846)
- January 31 – Konstantin Savitsky, Russian painter (b. 1844)
- February 3 – Adolf Bastian, German anthropologist (b. 1826)[46]
- February 4 – Louis-Ernest Barrias, French sculptor (b. 1841)
- February 5 – Andrijica Šimić, Croatian hajduk (b. 1833)
- February 9 – Adolph von Menzel, German painter (b. 1815)[47]
- February 12 – Marcel Schwob, French writer (b. 1867)
- February 15 – Lew Wallace, American writer (Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ) (b. 1827)[48]
- February 16 – Jay Cooke, American financier (b. 1821)
- February 17 – Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia (b. 1857)
- February 19 – Benjamin Harris Babbidge, Australian politician, 19th Mayor of Brisbane (b. 1836)
- February 20 – Jeremiah W. Farnham, American merchant captain (b. c. 1828)
- February 24 – Fanny Cochrane Smith, Aboriginal Tasmanian (b. 1834)
- February 25 – Edward Cooper, 83rd Mayor of New York City (b. 1824)
March–April
- March 1 – Jean-Baptiste Claude Eugène Guillaume, French sculptor (b. 1822)
- March 3 – Antonio Annetto Caruana, Maltese archaeologist, author (b. 1830)
- March 6
- March 13 – Nil Izvorov, Bulgarian Orthodox priest and venerable (b. 1823)
- March 15
- March 17 – Juan Nepomuceno Zegrí Moreno, Spanish Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1831)
- March 23 – Martha E. Cram Bates, American journalist (b. 1839)
- March 24 – Jules Verne, French science fiction author (Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea) (b. 1828)[49]
- March 25 – Maurice Barrymore, British actor (b. 1849)
- March 28 – Huang Zunxian, Chinese poet, writer (b. 1848)
- April 4 – Constantin Meunier, Belgian painter and sculptor (b. 1831)
- April 7 – Maria Assunta Pallotta, Italian Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1878)[50]
- April 9 – Frederic Thesiger, 2nd Baron Chelmsford, British general (b. 1827)
- April 18 – Juan Valera y Alcalá-Galiano, Spanish writer (b. 1824)
- April 23 – Joseph Jefferson, American actor (b. 1829)
May–June
Francisco Silvela
Giovanni Battista Scalabrini
Małgorzata Szewczyk
- May 11 – Andrzej Jerzy Mniszech, Polish painter (b. 1823)
- May 13 – Sam S. Shubert, American theater owner (b. 1878)
- May 14 – Jessie Bartlett Davis, American actress and singer (b. 1860)
- May 23 – Mary Livermore, American American advocate of women's rights (b. 1820)
- May 26 – Alphonse James de Rothschild, French banker, philanthropist (b. 1827)
- May 29 – Francisco Silvela, Spanish politician, Prime Minister (b. 1843)
- June 1
- Émile Delahaye, French automotive pioneer (b. 1843)
- Giovanni Battista Scalabrini, Italian Roman Catholic prelate and blessed (b. 1839)
- June 3 – James Hudson Taylor, British missionary (b. 1832)
- June 4 – Jan Mikulicz-Radecki, Polish-Austrian surgeon (b. 1850)
- June 5 – Małgorzata Szewczyk, Polish Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1828)
- June 7 – Carl Kellner, Austrian mystic (b. 1851)
- June 13 – Theodoros Diligiannis, 5-time Prime Minister of Greece (assassinated) (b. 1820)
- June 17 – Máximo Gómez, Cuban general (b. 1836)
- June 18
- June 22 – Francis Lubbock, Governor of Texas (b. 1815)
- June 27 – Grigory Vakulinchuk, Russian mutineer (b. 1877)
July–August
- July 1 – John Hay, American diplomat, private secretary to Abraham Lincoln (b. 1838)
- July 4 – Élisée Reclus, French geographer and anarchist (b. 1830)
- July 8 – Walter Kittredge, American musician and composer (b. 1834)[51]
- July 11 – Muhammad Abduh, Egyptian philosopher, jurist (b. 1849)
- July 15 – Raimundo Fernández-Villaverde, 28th Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1848)
- July 30 – Gioacchino La Lomia, Italian Roman Catholic priest and venerable (b. 1831)
- August 1 – John Brown, Canadian politician (b. 1841)
- August 4
- August 14 – Simeon Solomon, British artist (b. 1840)
- August 21 – Mary Mapes Dodge, American author of children's literature (b. 1831)
- August 31 – Francesco Tamagno, Italian opera singer (b. 1850)[53]
September–October
Rene Goblet
Isabelle Gatti de Gamond
- September 5 – Touch the Clouds, Minneconjou chief (b. c. 1838)
- September 13 – René Goblet, French politician, 52nd Prime Minister of France (b. 1828)
- September 14 – Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, Franco-Italian explorer (b. 1852)
- September 18 – George MacDonald, Scottish author, poet and Christian minister (b. 1824)[54]
- September 19 – Thomas John Barnardo, Irish philanthropist (b. 1845)
- October 3 – José-Maria de Heredia, French poet (b. 1842)[55]
- October 6 – Ferdinand von Richthofen, German explorer and geographer (b. 1833)[56]
- October 11 – Isabelle Gatti de Gamond, Belgian educationalist and feminist (b. 1839)
- October 13 – Sir Henry Irving, English actor (b. 1838)[57]
- October 15 – Mikhail Dragomirov, Russian general (b. 1830)
- October 29 – Étienne Desmarteau, Canadian athlete (b. 1873)
November–December
- November 2 – Albert von Kölliker, Swiss anatomist (b. 1817)
- November 9 -- William Parrott, British coalminer (b. 1843)
- November 14 – Robert Whitehead, British engineer and inventor (b. 1823)
- November 17 - Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (b. 1817)
- November 17 - Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders (b. 1837)
- November 22 – Viktor Sakharov, Russian general (assassinated) (b. 1848)
- December 5 – Henry Eckford, British horticulturist (b. 1823)
- December 9
Nobel Prizes
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Further reading
- Gilbert, Martin (1997). A History of the Twentieth Century: Volume 1 1900–1933. pp 105–22.
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