1905

1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1905th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 905th year of the 2nd millennium, the 5th year of the 20th century, and the 6th year of the 1900s decade. As of the start of 1905, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1905 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1905
MCMV
Ab urbe condita2658
Armenian calendar1354
ԹՎ ՌՅԾԴ
Assyrian calendar6655
Baháʼí calendar61–62
Balinese saka calendar1826–1827
Bengali calendar1312
Berber calendar2855
British Regnal year4 Edw. 7  5 Edw. 7
Buddhist calendar2449
Burmese calendar1267
Byzantine calendar7413–7414
Chinese calendar甲辰年 (Wood Dragon)
4601 or 4541
     to 
乙巳年 (Wood Snake)
4602 or 4542
Coptic calendar1621–1622
Discordian calendar3071
Ethiopian calendar1897–1898
Hebrew calendar5665–5666
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1961–1962
 - Shaka Samvat1826–1827
 - Kali Yuga5005–5006
Holocene calendar11905
Igbo calendar905–906
Iranian calendar1283–1284
Islamic calendar1322–1323
Japanese calendarMeiji 38
(明治38年)
Javanese calendar1834–1835
Julian calendarGregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar4238
Minguo calendar7 before ROC
民前7年
Nanakshahi calendar437
Thai solar calendar2447–2448
Tibetan calendar阳木龙年
(male Wood-Dragon)
2031 or 1650 or 878
     to 
阴木蛇年
(female Wood-Snake)
2032 or 1651 or 879

As the second year of the massive Russo-Japanese War begins, more than 100,000 die in the largest world battles of that era, and the war chaos leads to the 1905 Russian Revolution against Nicholas II of Russia (Shostakovich's 11th Symphony is subtitled The Year 1905 to commemorate this) and the start of Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland. Canada and the U.S. expand west, with the Alberta and Saskatchewan provinces and the founding of Las Vegas. 1905 is also the year in which Albert Einstein, at this time resident in Bern, publishes his four Annus Mirabilis papers in Annalen der Physik (Leipzig) (March 18, May 11, June 30 and September 27), laying the foundations for more than a century's study of theoretical physics.

Events

"Baby New Year", a cartoon by John T. McCutcheon depicting the new year 1905 chasing the old 1904 into the history books
1905: Einstein's "miracle year"

January

January 22 (9 O.S.): The Bloody Sunday massacre of Russian demonstrators at the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg

February

March

March 3: Nicholas II of Russia creates the Duma

April

May

May 15: Las Vegas is founded with auction of 110 acres (0.45 km2)
  • May 5 Las Vegas is founded when 110 acres (45 ha) of land adjacent to the Union Pacific Railroad tracks were auctioned to what is now today Downtown Las Vegas.[5]
  • May 11 Albert Einstein submits for publication his paper "Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen" ("On the Motion of Small Particles Suspended in a Stationary Liquid, as Required by the Molecular Kinetic Theory of Heat"), based on his doctoral research, delineating a stochastic model of Brownian motion (published July 18).
  • May 17 Kappa Delta Rho is founded in Room 14 of Old Painter Hall, at Middlebury College in Middlebury, Vermont.
  • May 22 The Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Abdul Hamid II establishes the Ullah Millet for the Aromanians of the empire. For this reason, the Aromanian National Day is sometimes celebrated on this day.[6]
  • May 23 The Ottoman Sultan's decision to create the Ullah Millet is publicly announced. This day is the most common date for the celebration of the Aromanian National Day.[7]
  • May 2728 Russo-Japanese War Battle of Tsushima: The Japanese fleet under Admiral Heihachiro Togo destroys the Russian fleet under Admiral Zinovi Petrovich Rozhdestvenski, in a 2-day battle.

June

July

  • July 8 President Theodore Roosevelt sends his 21-year-old daughter, Alice Roosevelt Longworth, and her party on a diplomatic journey to Japan, the Philippines, Hong Kong, China and Korea.[8]
  • July 22 Taft–Katsura Secret Agreement: The United States and Japan meet to discuss their respective positions regarding Korea and the Philippines.
  • July 22 Florence Kelly delivers speech about child labor before the convention of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in Philadelphia.
  • July 23 Alfred Deakin becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the second time.
  • July 24 An magnitude 8.4 earthquake strikes Mongolia and Becoming the second Biggest recorded in Mongolia.

August

  • August Mexican-American prospector Pablo Valencia gets lost in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona with no water.
  • August 2
    • Businessman and right-wing politician Christian Lundeberg becomes Prime Minister of Sweden.
    • The Ancient Order of Druids initiate neo-Druidic rituals at Stonehenge in England.
  • August 12
    • Leopold II of Belgium opens the Antwerpen-Central railway station.
    • The first running takes place of the Shelsley Walsh Speed Hill Climb in England, the world's oldest motorsport event to be staged continuously on its original course.
  • Aug 20 Sun Yat-sen, Chinese revolutionary, forms the first chapter of T'ung Meng Hui, a union of all secret societies determined to bringing down the Manchu dynasty.

September

October

October 2: HMS Dreadnought
  • October Fauvist artists, led by Henri Matisse and André Derain, first exhibit their works, at the Salon d'Automne in Paris.
  • October 1 Turkish Football team Galatasaray was founded in Istanbul.
  • October 1 A Czech worker, František Pavlík (b. 1885), is bayoneted to death during a demonstration for a Czech university in Brno. This event is the motivation for a piano sonata, 1. X. 1905, by composer Leoš Janáček, which premières on 27 January 1906.
  • October 2 HMS Dreadnought (1906) is laid down in the United Kingdom, revolutionizing battleship design and triggering a naval arms race.
  • October 5 The Wright brothers' third aeroplane (Wright Flyer III) stays in the air for 39 minutes with Wilbur piloting, the first aeroplane flight lasting over half an hour.
  • October 11 The Institute of Musical Art, predecessor of the Juilliard School, opens in New York City.[9]
  • October 16 The Partition of Bengal is made by Lord Curzon to separate the region of Bengal into Muslim and Hindu territories until its reunification in 1911.
  • October 26 SwedenNorway agrees to the repeal of the union with Norway, forming the two modern countries today.[10]
  • October 29 (October 16 O.S.) In the Russian Empire:
    • Russian Revolution of 1905: The Imperial Russian Army opens fire on a meeting at a street market in Tallinn, Governorate of Estonia, killing 94 and injuring over 200 people.
    • The Circum-Baikal Railway is brought into permanent operation, completing through rail communication on the Trans-Siberian Railway.
  • October 30
    • (October 17 Old Style) – October Manifesto: Tsar Nicholas II of Russia is forced to announce the granting of his country's first constitution (the Russian Constitution of 1906), conceding a national assembly (State Duma) with limited powers.

November

December

Date unknown

Births

January – March

Tex Ritter
Takeo Fukuda
Takashi Shimura
Berthold Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg

April – June

Serge Lifar
George H. Hitchings
  • April 1
  • April 18 George H. Hitchings, American physician, pharmacologist and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
  • April 21 Pat Brown, American lawyer, politician and 32nd Governor of California (d. 1996)
  • April 25 George Nēpia, New Zealand Maori rugby player (d. 1986)
  • April 26 Raúl Leoni, President of Venezuela (d. 1972)
  • April 29 George Beamish, British Royal Air Force air marshal, Irish rugby player (d. 1967)
  • April 30 Sergey Nikolsky, Russian mathematician (d. 2012)
  • May 3 Werner Fenchel, German mathematician (d. 1988)
  • May 5 Floyd Gottfredson, American cartoonist, primarily known for the Mickey Mouse comic strip (d. 1986)
  • May 9 – Lilí Álvarez, Spanish tennis player, author and feminist (d. 1998)
  • May 11
    • Lise de Baissac, Mauritian-born SOE agent, war hero (d. 2004)
    • Catherine Bauer Wurster, American architect and public housing advocate (d. 1964)
  • May 13 Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, Indian lawyer, politician and 5th President of India (d. 1977)
  • May 15 Joseph Cotten, American actor (d. 1994)
  • May 16 Henry Fonda, American actor (d. 1982)[26]
  • May 17 Roy Nelson, American cartoonist (d. 1956)
  • May 20 Gerrit Achterberg, Dutch poet (d. 1962)[27]
  • May 22 Tom Driberg, British politician/journalist (d. 1976)[28]
  • May 24 Mikhail Sholokhov, Russian novelist, short story writer and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1984)[29]
  • May 27
    • Signe Johansson-Engdahl, Swedish Olympic diver (d. 2010)
    • Lilo Milchsack (b. Lisalotte Duden), German promoter of Anglo-German relations (d. 1992)
  • May 28 Sada Abe, Japanese actress (d. 1970)
  • May 29 Sebastian Shaw, English actor (d. 1994)
  • June 1 Robert Newton, English actor (d. 1956)
  • June 3
    • Tupua Tamasese Meaʻole, Samoan politician (d. 1963)
    • Martin Gottfried Weiss, Nazi commandant (d. 1946)
  • June 5 John Abbott, English actor (d. 1996)
  • June 7 James J. Braddock, Irish-American wrestler (d. 1974)
  • June 11 Paul Wormser, French fencer (d. 1944)
  • June 12 Ray Barbuti, American athlete (d. 1975)
  • June 13 Franco Riccardi, Italian fencer (d. 1968)
  • June 14
    • Liesel Bach, German aerobatic pilot (d. 1992)
    • Arthur Davis, American animator (d. 2000)
  • June 19 Mildred Natwick, American stage, film actress (d. 1994)
  • June 21
  • June 23
    • Jack Pickersgill, Canadian civil servant and politician (d. 1997)
    • Isaac Schapera, English anthropologist (d. 2003)
    • Mary Livingstone, American radio comedian (d. 1983)
  • June 24 Fred Alderman, American sprint runner (d. 1998)
  • June 25
    • Leon deValinger Jr., American archivist, historian (d. 2000)
    • Arthur Maria Rabenalt, Austrian film director (d. 1993)
    • Jun'ichi Yoda, Japanese poet (d. 1997)
  • June 26 Jack Longland, British educator, mountain climber and broadcaster (d. 1993)
  • June 27
    • Lady Rachel Pepys, Lady-in-Waiting to Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent (d. 1992)
    • Kwan Tak-hing, Hong Kong actor (d. 1996)
    • Tarzan Woltzen, American professional basketball player (d. 1995)
  • June 28 Ashley Montagu, British-American anthropologist (d. 1999)
  • June 29 Oswald Denison, New Zealand rower (d. 1990)
  • June 30
    • John Harmon, American actor (d. 1985)
    • Nestor Paiva, American actor (d. 1966)
    • John Van Ryn, American tennis champion (d. 1999)

July – September

  • July 2 – Eugene E. Lindsey, United States Navy officer (d. 1942)
  • July 3
  • July 4
    • Robert Hankey, 2nd Baron Hankey, British diplomat, public servant (d. 1996)
    • Irving Johnson, American sail training pioneer (d. 1991)
    • Marie-Thérèse Paquin, Canadian pianist (d. 1997)
    • Lionel Trilling, American literary critic, short story writer, essayist and teacher (d. 1975)
  • July 5 Jock Cameron, South African cricketer (d. 1935)
  • July 6 Leonid Pavlovich Potapov, Russian ethnographer (d. 2000)
  • July 8
    • Kathleen Hamilton, Duchess of Abercorn (d. 1990)
    • Leonid Amalrik, Russian animator (d. 1997)
  • July 10 Thomas Gomez, American actor (d. 1971)
  • July 11
    • Betty Allan, Australian statistician and biometrician (d. 1952)
    • Kikutaro Baba, Japanese malacologist (d. 2000)
    • David Louis Lidman, American actor (d. 1982)
  • July 12
    • Edward Bernds, American director (d. 2000)
    • Prince John of the United Kingdom (d. 1919)
  • July 13
    • Magda Foy, American child actress (d. 2000)
    • Eugenio Pagnini, Italian modern pentathlete (d. 1993)
    • Edvin Laine, Finnish film director (d. 1989)
    • Alfredo M. Santos, Filipino general (d. 1990)
  • July 14 Laurence Chisholm Young, American mathematician (d. 2000)
  • July 15
    • Anita Farra, Italian actress (d. 2008)
    • Dorothy Fields, American songwriter (d. 1988)[31]
    • Addie McPhail, American actress (d. 2003)
    • Shirley Povich, American sports columnist (d. 1998)
  • July 16 Lou Garland, American baseball player (d. 1990)
  • July 17
    • William Gargan, American actor (d. 1979)
    • Guillermo Hyslop, American businessman (d. 1993)
    • Araken Patusca, Brazilian footballer (d. 1990)
    • Marjorie Reeves, British historian, educationalist (d. 2003)
  • July 19
    • Geertje Kuijntjes, Dutch supercentenarian (d. 2019)
    • Giuseppe Girotti, Italian Roman Catholic priest and blessed (d. 1945)
  • July 20 Joseph Levis, American fencer (d. 2005)
  • July 21
    • David M. Kennedy, American politician, businessman (d. 1996)
    • Diana Trilling, American literary critic, author (d. 1996)
  • July 22 Doc Cramer, American baseball player (d. 1990)
  • July 23 Leopold Engleitner, Austrian Holocaust survivor (d. 2013)
  • July 25
    • Elias Canetti, Bulgarian-born British writer (d. 1994)
    • Masazō Nonaka, Japanese supercentenarian (d. 2019)
    • Denys Watkins-Pitchford, British writer of children's books (d. 1990)
  • July 26 Alex Radcliffe, American baseball player (d. 1983)
  • July 29
  • July 30 Pedro Quartucci, Argentine boxer, actor (d. 1983)
  • July 31 Robert A. Grant, American judge (d. 1998)
  • August 2
    • Ernst Kals, German submarine commander (d. 1979)
    • Franz König, Austrian Roman Catholic archbishop (d. 2004)
    • Myrna Loy, American actress (d. 1993)
  • August 4 Abeid Karume, 1st President of Zanzibar (assassinated) (d. 1972)
  • August 8 André Jolivet, French composer (d. 1974)[32]
  • August 9 Leo Genn, English actor (d. 1978)[33]
  • August 11 Erwin Chargaff, Austrian biochemist (d. 2002)
  • August 13 – Gareth Jones, Welsh journalist (d. 1935)
  • August 16 Marian Rejewski, Polish mathematician, cryptologist (d. 1980)
  • August 20
    • Jean Gebser, German-born author, linguist and poet (d. 1973)
    • Mikio Naruse, Japanese filmmaker (d. 1969)
  • August 22 John Lyng, Norwegian politician, prime minister (d. 1978)
  • August 23 Constant Lambert, British composer (d. 1951)[34]
  • August 24 Siaka Stevens, President of Sierra Leone (d. 1988)
  • August 25 Faustina Kowalska, Polish "Secretary of Divine Mercy", saint (d. 1938)
  • August 28 Sam Levene, American actor (d. 1980)
  • August 29
    • Dhyan Chand, Indian hockey player (d. 1979)
    • Al Taliaferro, Disney comics artist (d. 1969)
  • August 31 Dore Schary, American film writer, director and producer (d. 1980)
  • September 1
    • Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum, Cambodian politician (d. 2009)
    • Father Chrysanthus, Dutch arachnologist (d. 1972)[35]
    • Elvera Sanchez, Puerto Rican dancer (d. 2000)
  • September 3 Carl David Anderson, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
  • September 5
    • Arthur Koestler, Hungarian-born novelist and social philosopher (d. 1983)[36]
    • Justiniano Montano, Filipino politician (d. 2005)
    • Walther Müller, German physicist (d. 1979)
  • September 10 Ibrahim Biçakçiu, Albanian politician, 2-time Prime Minister of Albania (d. 1977)
  • September 12
    • Linda Agostini, English-Australian murder victim (d. 1934)
    • Ali Amini, Iranian politician, 67th Prime Minister of Iran (d. 1992)
  • September 18
    • Eddie Anderson, African-American actor (d. 1977)
    • Agnes de Mille, American choreographer (d. 1993)
    • Greta Garbo, Swedish actress (d. 1990)
  • September 19 – Judith Auer, German World War II resistance fighter (d. 1944)
  • September 20 Reinhold O. Carlson, American politician (d. 2006)
  • September 22
    • Haakon Lie, Norwegian politician (d. 2009)
    • Eugen Sänger, Austrian aerospace engineer (d. 1964)
  • September 24 Severo Ochoa, Spanish–American biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
  • September 26
    • Juliana Koo, Chinese-American diplomat and supercentenarian (d. 2017)
    • Emilio Navarro, Puerto Rican baseball player (d. 2011)
  • September 28 Max Schmeling, German boxer (d. 2005)
  • September 30

October – December

Date unknown

  • Gershon Liebman, French rabbi (d. 1997)

Deaths

JanuaryFebruary

Adolph von Menzel

MarchApril

MayJune

Francisco Silvela
Giovanni Battista Scalabrini
Małgorzata Szewczyk

JulyAugust

SeptemberOctober

Rene Goblet
Isabelle Gatti de Gamond

NovemberDecember

  • November 2 Albert von Kölliker, Swiss anatomist (b. 1817)
  • November 9 -- William Parrott, British coalminer (b. 1843)
  • November 14 Robert Whitehead, British engineer and inventor (b. 1823)
  • November 17 - Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (b. 1817)
  • November 17 - Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders (b. 1837)
  • November 22 Viktor Sakharov, Russian general (assassinated) (b. 1848)
  • December 5 Henry Eckford, British horticulturist (b. 1823)
  • December 9
    • Henry Holmes, British composer, violinist (b. 1839)[58]
    • Sir Richard Claverhouse Jebb, British scholar, politician (b. 1841)

Date unknown

  • Abdul Wahid Bengali, Muslim theologian and teacher (b. 1850)[59]
  • Mary Thomas, West Indian labor leader (b. 1848)

Nobel Prizes

References

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  50. Blessed Maria Assunta Pallotta
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Further reading

  • Gilbert, Martin (1997). A History of the Twentieth Century: Volume 1 1900–1933. pp 105–22.
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