l'

See also: ľ and Appendix:Variations of "l"

Asturian

Etymology 1

Contraction of the masculine article el.

Article

l’ m

  1. (definite) the
Usage notes
  • The masculine singular article el contracts to l' before a word beginning with a vowel or h: l’asturianu (the Asturian), l’hermanu (the brother)

Etymology 2

Contraction of the feminine article la.

Article

l’ f

  1. (definite) the
Usage notes
  • The feminine singular article la contracts to l' before a word beginning with a or ha: l’asturiana (the Asturian), l’habitación (the habitation)

Catalan

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /l-/
    • (Central, Balearic) IPA(key): [ɫ-]

Article

l' m or f

  1. Contraction of el; the
  2. Contraction of la; the

Usage notes

el is contracted to l' before a vowel or h-. la is contracted to l' before a vowel or h-, except before a following (h)i- or (h)u-.

Pronoun

l'

  1. Contraction of el.
  2. Contraction of la.

Usage notes

See above.

Declension
Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
strong/subject weak (direct object) weak (indirect object) possessive
singular proclitic enclitic proclitic enclitic
1st person jo, mi3 em, m’ -me, ’m em, m’ -me, ’m meu
1st person majestic1 nós ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person tu et, t’ -te, ’t et, t’ -te, ’t teu
2nd person formal1 vós us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person very formal2 vostè el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person masculine ell el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person feminine ella la, l’4 -la li -li seu
3rd person neuter ho -ho li -li seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
plural
1st person nosaltres ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person vosaltres us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person formal2 vostès els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person masculine ells els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person feminine elles les -les els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive en, n’ -ne, ’n
locative hi -hi
1) Behaves grammatically as plural.
2) Behaves grammatically as third person.		 3) Only as object of a preposition.
4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Esperanto

Article

l' (definite)

  1. (poetic) Apocopic form of la the

French

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /l‿/

Article

l’ m or f (singular, definite)

  1. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of le, la: the

Pronoun

l’ m or f (third-person singular)

  1. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of le, la: him, her, it
French personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative
(subject)		 Reflexive Accusative
(direct complement)		 Dative
(indirect complement)		 Locative
(at)		 Genitive
(of)		 Disjunctive
(tonic)
SingularFirst— je, j’ me, m’ —— moi
Second— tu te, t’ —— toi
ThirdMasculine il se, s’ le, l’ lui y en lui, soi
Feminine elle la, l’ elle, soi
— on —— —— soi
PluralFirst— nous nous —— nous
Second— vous vous —— vous
ThirdMasculine ils se, s’ les leur y en eux, soi
Feminine elles elles, soi

Further reading

Friulian
Friulian Definite Articles
singular plural
masculine il
l'		 i
feminine  la
l'		 lis

Article

l’ m or f (definite)

  1. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of il, la the

Haitian Creole

Etymology

Contration of li, from French lui.

Pronoun

l'

  1. Alternative spelling of l; contraction of li.

Ido

Article

l'

  1. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of la the

Italian
Italian Definite Articles
singular plural
masculine il
lo/l'		 i
gli
feminine  la/l' le

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /l/

Article

l’ m or f (definite)

  1. (before vowels) Apocopic form of il/lo, la; the

Pronoun

l’ m or f (apocopate)

  1. (before vowels) Apocopic form of lo, la; him, her, it

Usage notes
  • Optionally elides before a vowel, especially before ho and ha: l'ho, l'ha. Elision before other verbs beginning with a stressed vowel is less common: lo era instead of l'era, lo è instead of l'è.

See also
Italian personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative Reflexive Accusative Dative Locative Genitive Disjunctive
Singularfirst— iomi, m', -mi — me
second— tuti, t', -ti te
thirdm luisi2, s', -silo, l', -logli, -gli ci, c',
vi, v' (formal)		 ne, n'lui, sé
f 1 lei, Lei1la, l', La1, -lale3, Le1, -le lei, Lei1, sé
Pluralfirst— noici, c', -ci — noi
second—1 voi, Voi1vi, v', -vi, Vi1 voi, Voi1
thirdm loro, Loro1si, s', -sili, -ligli, -gli, loro (formal),
Loro1		 ci, c',
vi, v' (formal)		 ne, n'loro, Loro1, sé
f 1 le, -le
1The feminine gender third person forms and second plural person forms are also used as formal terms of address referring to second singular person subjects, sometimes capitalised as Lei, Vi, Loro etc. to distinguish them.
2Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
3In informal speech sometimes replaced with gli (nonstandard).

Ladin

Article

l' f (singular)

  1. the (before a vowel)

See also

Ligurian

Article

l' m sg (definite)

  1. (before a vowel) the (+ a masculine name in the singular)

Middle French

Article

l'

  1. elided form of le, la

Usage notes
  • Earlier manuscripts omit the apostrophe
  • lame ― the soul

Neapolitan

Etymology

From Latin ille, illa

Particle

l' m and f (singular and plural definite)

  1. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of 'o, 'a the

Old French

Article

l'

  1. (before a vowel sound) Apocopic form of la/le; the

Usage notes
  • Original manuscripts omit the apostrophe
  • lame ― the soul
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