1900
1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1900th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 900th year of the 2nd millennium, the 100th and last year of the 19th century, and the 1st year of the 1900s decade. As of the start of 1900, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1900 in topic |
|---|
| Humanities |
|
Archaeology – Architecture – Art Film - Literature – Music - (jazz) |
| By country |
| Australia – Belgium – Brazil – Bulgaria – Canada – Denmark – France – Germany – Mexico – New Zealand – Norway – Philippines – Portugal – Russia – South Africa – Spain – Sweden – United Kingdom – United States – Venezuela |
| Other topics |
| Rail transport – Science – Sports |
| Lists of leaders |
| Sovereign states – State leaders – Territorial governors – Religious leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Works category |
| Works |
| Gregorian calendar | 1900 MCM |
| Ab urbe condita | 2653 |
| Armenian calendar | 1349 ԹՎ ՌՅԽԹ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6650 |
| Baháʼí calendar | 56–57 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1821–1822 |
| Bengali calendar | 1307 |
| Berber calendar | 2850 |
| British Regnal year | 63 Vict. 1 – 64 Vict. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2444 |
| Burmese calendar | 1262 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7408–7409 |
| Chinese calendar | 己亥年 (Earth Pig) 4596 or 4536 — to — 庚子年 (Metal Rat) 4597 or 4537 |
| Coptic calendar | 1616–1617 |
| Discordian calendar | 3066 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1892–1893 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5660–5661 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1956–1957 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1821–1822 |
| - Kali Yuga | 5000–5001 |
| Holocene calendar | 11900 |
| Igbo calendar | 900–901 |
| Iranian calendar | 1278–1279 |
| Islamic calendar | 1317–1318 |
| Japanese calendar | Meiji 33 (明治３３年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1829–1830 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 12 or 13 days |
| Korean calendar | 4233 |
| Minguo calendar | 12 before ROC 民前12年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 432 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2442–2443 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴土猪年 (female Earth-Pig) 2026 or 1645 or 873 — to — 阳金鼠年 (male Iron-Rat) 2027 or 1646 or 874 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1900.
As of March 1 (O.S. February 17), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 13 days until February 28 (O.S. February 15), 2100. The year 1900 also marked the year of the rat on the Chinese calender.
Events
January
- January 2
- The first electric bus becomes operational in New York City.
- U.S. Secretary of State John Hay announces the Open Door Policy, to promote American trade with China.
- January 3 – The United States Census estimates the country's population to be about 70 million people.
- January 4 – Strikes in Belgium and Germany lead to mining riots.
- January 5 – Dr. Henry A. Rowland of Johns Hopkins University announces a theory about the cause of the Earth's magnetism.
- January 6 – Second Boer War: Boers attempt to end the Siege of Ladysmith, which leads to the Battle of Platrand.
- January 8 – President William McKinley of the United States places Alaska under military governance.
- January 9 - The first through passenger train goes from Cairo to Khartoum.
- January 14
- Puccini's opera Tosca premieres in Rome, Italy.
- The U.S. Senate accepts the British-German Treaty of 1899, in which the United Kingdom renounces its claims to the American Samoa portion of the Samoan Islands.
- January 17 – Brigham H. Roberts of Utah is not seated by the U.S. House of Representatives because of his polygamy.
- January 23 – 5,000 Austrian miners go on strike.
Second Boer War: Boers at Spion Kop, 1900
- January 24
- Second Boer War – Battle of Spion Kop: Boer troops defeat the British Army.
- Newcastle Badminton Club, world's oldest, forms in England
Boxer Soldiers
- January 26 – The Labor League Conference opens in Sydney, Australia, with plans to form a Federal Labor Party. This is spelled "Labor" even in Australia.
- January 27 – Boxer Rebellion: Foreign diplomats in Peking, Qing Dynasty China, demand that the Boxer rebels be disciplined.
- January 29 – The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs is organized in Philadelphia with eight founding teams.
- January 30 – Governor William Goebel of Kentucky is shot by several assassins.
- January 31 – Datu Muhammad Salleh, leader of the Mat Salleh Rebellion in North Borneo, is shot dead in Tambunan.
February
Plaque recording the location of the formation of the British Labour Party in 1900.
- February 1 – Western Australia announces its refusal to join the Australian Federation unless it is given five more years of fiscal freedom.
- February 3
- Governor William Goebel of Kentucky dies of wounds after being shot by several assassins on January 30. Goebel, who had prevailed in a dispute over the winner of the election in November 1899, had been sworn in on his deathbed. The former Secretary of State of Kentucky Caleb Powers is later found guilty in the conspiracy to kill Goebel.
- Strikers in Aachen, Vienna, and Brussels demand an eight-hour working day and higher wages.
- February 5 – The United Kingdom and the United States sign a treaty for the building of a Central American shipping canal across Central America in Nicaragua.
- February 6 – The International Arbitration Court at The Hague is created, when the Netherlands' Senate ratifies an 1899 peace conference decree.
- February 7 – A Chinese immigrant in San Francisco fell ill with bubonic plague, originating the San Francisco plague of 1900–1904, the first epidemic of the disease in the continental United States.
- February 8 – Second Boer War: British troops are defeated by the Boers at Ladysmith, South Africa.
- February 9 – Dwight F. Davis creates the Davis Cup tennis tournament.
- February 14 – Second Boer War: Battle of Paardeberg – 20,000 British troops invade the Orange Free State.
- February 15 – Second Boer War: The Siege of Kimberley is lifted.
- February 16 – The Southern Cross expedition led by Carsten Borchgrevink achieved a new Farthest South of 78° 50'S, making the first landing at the Great Ice Barrier.[1]
- February 17 – Second Boer War: Battle of Paardeberg – British troops defeat the Boers.
- February 27
- The British Labour Party is officially established, at a meeting in the Congregational Memorial Hall in London, and Ramsay MacDonald is appointed as its first secretary.
- Second Boer War: British military leaders accept the unconditional notice of surrender from Boer General Piet Cronjé.
- FC Bayern, Germany's most successful football club, is founded in Munich.
March
- March 2 – Groups of officials inspect towns around Australia in order to find a location for the new Federal capital.
- March 5 – Two U.S. Navy cruisers are sent to Central America to protect American interests in a dispute between Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
- March 6
- London "baby-farmer" Ada Williams is hanged at Newgate Prison for murdering a 21-month old girl.
- A coal mine explosion in West Virginia kills 50 miners.
- March 7 – A fire at Buckingham Palace in London destroys part of its roof.
- March 8 – Londoners celebrate as Queen Victoria makes a rare public appearance in the city.
- March 9 – Women in Germany demand the right to participate in university entrance exams.
- March 14
- Botanist Hugo de Vries rediscovers Mendel's Laws of Heredity.
- The Gold Standard Act is ratified, placing the United States currency on the gold standard.[2]
- March 16 – British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans purchases the land on Crete on which the ruins of the Palace of Knossos stand. He begins to unearth some of the palace three days later.
- March 18 – AFC Ajax, a successful football club in Netherlands, is founded in Amsterdam.[3]
- March 23 – Dr. Karl Landsteiner first reports his discovery of an accurate means for classifying a system of blood type, which will universally be referred to as the ABO blood group system[4] and for which he will be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1930.
- March 24 – The Mayor of New York, Van Wyck, breaks ground for a new underground "Rapid Transit Railroad" that will link Manhattan with Brooklyn.
- March 27 – The arrival of a Russian naval fleet in Korea causes concern to the Imperial Japanese government.
- March 28 – Over 1,000 tonnes of waste are removed from demolished buildings in Sydney, Australia, in areas affected by an outbreak of the bubonic plague.
April
- April 1
- The Irish Guards are formed by Queen Victoria.
- King George of Greece becomes absolute monarch of Crete.
- April 4 – An anarchist shoots at The Prince of Wales during his visit to Belgium.
Exposition Universelle view in Paris
- April 14 – The Exposition Universelle, a world's fair, opens in Paris.
- April 22 – Battle of Kousséri: French forces secure their domination of Chad. Warlord Rabih az-Zubayr is defeated and killed.
- April 26 – The Hull-Ottawa fire in Canada kills seven and leaves 15,000 homeless.
- April 30 – Illinois Central engineer Casey Jones crashes his train just north of Vaughan, Mississippi, and earns a spot in American folklore.
May
- May – American explorer Robert Peary is the first person to sight Kaffeklubben Island.[5]
- May 1 – Scofield Mine disaster: An explosion of blasting powder in a coal mine in Scofield, Utah, United States, kills 200 people.
- May 14 – The second Olympic Games, Paris 1900, open (as part of the Paris World Exhibition).
- May 17
- Second Boer War: The British Army relieves the Siege of Mafeking.
- Boxer Rebellion: Boxers destroy three villages near Peking, and kill 60 Chinese Christians.
- L. Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is published in Chicago, the first of Baum's Oz books, chronicling the fictional Land of Oz for children.
- May 18 – The United Kingdom proclaims a protectorate over Tonga.[6]
- May 21 – Russia invades Manchuria.
- May 23 – Sergeant William Harvey Carney is awarded the Medal of Honor for heroism in 1863, as the first African American to have been awarded this medal.
- May 24 – Second Boer War: The British annex the Orange Free State, as the Orange River Colony.
- May 28 – Boxer Rebellion: The Boxers attack Belgians, in the Fengtai railway station.
- May 29 – N'Djamena, the capital city of Chad, is founded as Fort-Lamy, by French commander Émile Gentil.
- May 31 – Boxer Rebellion: Peacekeepers from various European countries arrive in China, where they join with Japanese forces.
June
- June 1 – American temperance agitator Carrie Nation begins her crusade to demolish saloons.
- June 5 – Second Boer War: British soldiers take Pretoria.
- June 14 – The Reichstag approves the second of the German Naval Laws allowing expansion of the Imperial German Navy.
- June 17 – Boxer Rebellion – Battle of Dagu Forts: Naval forces of the Eight-Nation Alliance capture the Taku Forts, on the Hai River estuary in China.
- June 20 – Boxer Rebellion: Boxers gather about 20,000 people near Peking, and kill hundreds of European citizens, including the German ambassador.
- June 25 – The Taoist monk Wang Yuanlu discovers the Dunhuang manuscripts, a cache of ancient texts that are of great historical and religious significance, in the Mogao Caves of Dunhuang, China, where they have been sealed since the early 11th century.
- June 30 – Hoboken Docks fire: A wharf fire at the docks in Hoboken, New Jersey, owned by the North German Lloyd Steamship line, spreads to German passenger ships Saale, Main, and Bremen. The fire engulfs the adjacent piers and nearby ships, killing 326 people.
July 9: Australia, founded.
July
- July 2
- The first zeppelin flight is carried out over Lake Constance, near Friedrichshafen, Germany.
- Jean Sibelius's tone poem Finlandia receives its première with the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra.
- July 9 – Queen Victoria gives her royal assent to the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act.
- July 12 – A German cruise liner, the SS Deutschland, breaks the record for the Blue Riband for the first time with an average speed of 22.4 knots (41.5 km/h).
- July 19 – The first line of the Paris Métro is opened.
- July 23–25 – The First Pan-African Conference is held in London.
- July 25 – The Robert Charles Riots break out in New Orleans.
- July 29 – King Umberto I of Italy is assassinated by Italian-born anarchist Gaetano Bresci in Monza.
August
- August — The first Michelin Guide is published in France.[7][8]
- August 14 – Boxer Rebellion: An international contingent of troops, under British command, invades Peking and frees the European hostages.
September
- September 8 – The 1900 Galveston hurricane kills about 6,000–12,000 people.
- September 12 – Admiral Fredrik von Otter becomes Prime Minister of Sweden.
- September 13 – Philippine–American War – Battle of Pulang Lupa: Filipino resistance fighters defeat a detachment of American soldiers.
- September 17 – Philippine–American War – Battle of Mabitac: Filipinos under Juan Cailles defeat the Americans, under Colonel Benjamin F. Cheatham.
- September 25 – In the British general election, the recently formed Labour Party gains two seats. Winston Churchill is also elected to Parliament for the first time.
October
- October 9 – The Cook Islands become a territory of the United Kingdom.
- October 19 – Max Planck discovers the law of black-body radiation (Planck's law), by introducing the notion of light quanta, leading in 1905 to Albert Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect and beginning the Quantum Revolution.[9]
- October 25 – The United Kingdom annexes the Transvaal.
November
- November 3 – The first Auto show in the United States opens at New York City's Madison Square Garden.
- November 6 – U.S. presidential election, 1900: Republican incumbent William McKinley is reelected by defeating Democratic challenger William Jennings Bryan in a rematch.
- November 29 – Herbert Kitchener succeeds Frederick Roberts as commander-in-chief of the British forces in South Africa and implements a scorched earth strategy.[10]
December
- December 14 – Max Planck announces his discovery of the law of black body emission, marking the birth of quantum physics.
- December 19 – Hopetoun Blunder: The first Governor-General of Australia John Hope, 7th Earl of Hopetoun, appoints Sir William Lyne premier of the new state of New South Wales, but he is unable to persuade other colonial politicians to join his government, and is forced to resign.
- December 27 – British human rights activist Emily Hobhouse arrives in Cape Town, South Africa.
- December 31 – A large standing stone at Stonehenge falls over, the most recent time this has happened.
Date unknown
- Australasian prospector Albert Fuller Ellis identifies phosphate deposits on the Pacific Islands of Nauru and Banaba Island (Ocean Island).
- Milton S. Hershey introduces the milk chocolate Hershey bar in the United States.
- In New Haven, Connecticut, U.S., Louis Lassen of Louis' Lunch makes the first modern-day hamburger sandwich.
- The Indian Civil Service, which administers the Presidencies and provinces of British India, consists of fewer than 3,500 overwhelmingly European officials, with power over a native population of some 300 million.
- Four out of every 1,000 residents of British India die of cholera each year.[11]
Births
| Content |
|---|
| January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December · Date unknown |
January
William Haines
Queen Maria of Yugoslavia
- January 1
- January 2
- January 3
- January 4
- January 5
- January 6
- January 8
- January 9 – Richard Halliburton, American adventurer and writer (d. 1939)
- January 10 – Jean Gehret, Swedish actor and director (d. 1956)
- January 11 – Lloyd French, American film director (d. 1950)
- January 13 – Shimizugawa Motokichi, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 1967)
- January 16
- Kiku Amino, Japanese author, translator (d. 1978)[18]
- Edith Frank, German-Dutch mother of Anne Frank (d. 1945)[19]
- January 18
- January 20
- January 21 – Bernhard Rensch, German biologist and ornithologist (d. 1990)
- January 22
- January 23 – William Ifor Jones, Welsh conductor, organist (d. 1988)
- January 24 – Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ukrainian geneticist, evolutionary biologist (d. 1975)
- January 26 – Karl Ristenpart, German conductor (d. 1967)
- January 27 – Hyman G. Rickover, American admiral (d. 1986)
- January 28 – Rajagopala Tondaiman, King of Pudukkottai (d. 1950)
- January 30
- January 31 – Betty Parsons, American artist, art dealer and collector (d. 1982)[21]
February
Adlai Stevenson II
Jeanne Aubert
Halina Konopacka
- February 2
- Anni Frind, German lyric soprano (d. 1987)[22]
- Józef Kowalski, Polish supercentenarian, one of the last surviving veterans of the Polish–Soviet War (d. 2013)
- February 3 – Pierre Massy, Dutch footballer (d. 1958)
- February 4 – Jacques Prévert, French lyricist and author (d. 1977)
- February 5
- February 11
- February 12
- Pink Anderson, American blues singer and guitarist (d. 1974)
- Vasily Chuikov, Marshal of the Soviet Union during WWII (d. 1982)
- Roger J. Traynor, American judge (d. 1983)
- February 13 – Barbara von Annenkoff, Russian-born German film and stage actress (d. 1979)
- February 17 - Ruth Clifford, American actress (d. 1998)
- February 21
- February 22 – Luis Buñuel, Spanish film director (d. 1983)
- February 24 – Irmgard Bartenieff, German-American dancer, physical therapist and leading pioneer of dance therapy (d. 1981)
- February 25
- February 26 – Halina Konopacka, Polish athlete (d. 1989)[25]
- February 28 – Wolfram Hirth, German pilot and aircraft designer (d. 1959)
March
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Carel Willink
Gustavo Rojas Pinilla
- March 2 – Kurt Weill, German-American composer (d. 1950)
- March 3
- March 4 – Herbert Biberman, American screenwriter, film director (d. 1971)
- March 5
- March 7
- March 8
- March 9 – Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta, Italian prince (d. 1948)
- March 10 – Violet Brown, Jamaican supercentenarian, oldest Jamaican ever (d. 2017)[29]
- March 11
- March 12
- Rinus van den Berge, Dutch athlete (d. 1972)
- Sylvi Kekkonen, Finnish writer and wife of President of Finland Urho Kekkonen (d. 1974)[30]
- Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, 19th President of Colombia (d. 1975)
- March 13
- Queen Sālote Tupou III of Tonga, (d. 1965)[31]
- Andrée Bosquet, Belgian painter (d. 1980)[32]
- Giorgos Seferis, Greek poet, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (d. 1971)
- March 16 – Mencha Karnicheva, Macedonian revolutionary, assassin (d. 1964)[33]
- March 17 – Manuel Plaza, Chilean athlete (d. 1969)
- March 18 – Hanne Sobek, German footballer (d. 1989)
- March 19
- Carmen Carbonell, Spanish stage, film actress (d. 1988)[34]
- Frédéric Joliot-Curie, French physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 1958)[35]
- March 20 – Amelia Chopitea Villa, Bolivia's first female physician (d. 1942)[36]
- March 23 – Erich Fromm, German-born psychologist, philosopher who lived in Cuernavaca, Mexico (d. 1980)[37]
- March 26 – Angela Maria Autsch, German nun, died in Auschwitz helping Jewish prisoners (d. 1941)[38]
- March 29
- Sir John McEwen, 18th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1980)[39]
- Oscar Elton Sette, American fisheries scientist (d. 1972)
- March 30 – Santos Urdinarán, Uruguayan footballer (d. 1979)
- March 31 – Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (d. 1974)
April
Charles Francis Richter
- April 1 – Stefanie Clausen, Danish Olympic diver (d. 1981)[40]
- April 3
- April 5
- Josefina Passadori, Argentinian writer and poet (d. 1987)
- Spencer Tracy, American actor (d. 1967)
- April 8 – Marie Byles, Australian solicitor (d. 1979)[41]
- April 10
- April 11 – Sándor Márai, Hungarian writer and journalist (d. 1989)
- April 13 – Sorcha Boru, American potter, ceramic sculptor (d. 2006)
- April 16 – Polly Adler, Russian-American author, madam (d. 1962)[42]
- April 18 – Bertha Isaacs, Bahamian teacher, tennis player, politician and women's rights activist (d. 1997)[43]
- April 19
- April 20 – Fred Raymond, Austrian composer (d. 1954)
- April 21 – Hans Fritzsche, German Nazi official (d. 1953)
- April 22 – Nellie Beer, British politician, Lord Mayor of Manchester (1966–67) (d. 1988)[44]
- April 24 – Elizabeth Goudge, English writer (d. 1984)[45][46]
- April 25 – Wolfgang Pauli, Austrian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958)
- April 26
- April 27 – August Koern, Estonian statesman, diplomat (d. 1989)
- April 28
- April 29
- April 30
May
Cai Chang
Juan Arvizu
Lucile Godbold
- May 1 – Ignazio Silone, Italian author (d. 1978)
- May 2 – A. W. Lawrence, British leading authority on classical sculpture and architecture (d. 1991)
- May 5
- May 6 – Zheng Ji, Chinese nutritionist, biochemist (d. 2010)
- May 9 – Maria Malicka, Polish stage, film actress (d. 1992)[52]
- May 10
- May 11 – Thomas H. Robbins Jr., American admiral (d. 1972)
- May 12 – Helene Weigel, Austrian actress (d. 1971)[55]
- May 13 – Karl Wolff, German SS functionary and war criminal (d. 1984)
- May 14 – Cai Chang, Chinese politician, women's rights activist (d. 1990)[56]
- May 15 – Ida Rhodes, American mathematician, pioneer in computer programming (d. 1986)[57]
- May 22
- May 23 – Hans Frank, German Nazi official (executed 1946)
- May 24 – Sonia Rosemary Keppel, British baroness, grandmother of Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall (d. 1986)
- May 26 – Karin Juel, Swedish singer, actor and writer (d. 1976)
- May 27
- May 28 – Tommy Ladnier, American jazz trumpeter (d. 1939)
- May 29 – David Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir, British politician, lawyer and judge (d. 1967)
- May 30 – Carlos Raúl Villanueva, Venezuelan architect (d. 1975)
- May 31 – Lucile Godbold, American Olympic athlete (d. 1981)[59]
June
- June 3
- June 4 – George Watkins, American baseball player (d. 1970)
- June 5 – Dennis Gabor, Hungarian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979)
- June 7
- June 8 – Lena Baker, African-American maid executed for capital murder, pardoned posthumously (d. 1945)[61]
- June 11
- Leopoldo Marechal, Argentine writer (d. 1970)
- Carmen Polo, 1st Lady of Meirás, widow of Francisco Franco (d. 1988)
- June 12 – Netherwood Hughes, British soldier and centenarian (d. 2009)
- June 14
- June 15 – Paul Mares, American jazz trumpeter (d. 1949)
- June 17
- Martin Bormann, German Nazi official (d. 1945)
- Evelyn Irons, Scottish journalist, war correspondent (d. 2000)[63]
- June 18 – Vlasta Vraz, Czech-American relief worker, editor and fundraiser (d. 1989)
- June 21 – Choi Yong-kun, North Korean general, defense minister (d. 1976)
- June 22
- June 23 – Blanche Noyes, American aviator, winner of the 1936 Bendix Trophy Race (d. 1981)[65]
- June 24
- June 25
- Marta Abba, Italian actress (d. 1988)[66]
- Zinaida Aksentyeva, Ukrainian/Soviet astronomer (d. 1969)
- Georgia Hale, American silent film actress, real estate investor (d. 1985)[67]
- Philip D'Arcy Hart, British medical researcher, pioneer in tuberculosis treatment (d. 2006)
- Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, born Prince Louis of Battenberg, English naval officer and last Viceroy of India (assassinated) (d. 1979)
- June 26
- June 27 – Dixie Brown, St Lucian-born British boxer (d. 1957)
- June 29 – Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, French pilot, writer (d. 1944)
- June 30 – Alf Ihlen, Norwegian industrialist (d. 2006)
July
Alessandro Blasetti
Bernardus Johannes Alfrink
Eyvind Johnson
Teresa Noce
- July 2
- July 3
- July 4
- July 5
- July 6
- July 7
- July 9 – Joseph LaShelle, American cinematographer (d. 1989)
- July 10 – Evelyn Laye, English actress (d. 1996)[72]
- July 11 – Lily Eberwein, Sarawakian nationalist, women's rights activist (d. 1980)[73]
- July 13
- July 15 – Enrique Cadícamo, Argentine tango lyricist, poet and novelist (d. 1999)
- July 16 – Mumon Yamada, Japanese Rinzai religious leader (d. 1988)
- July 20 – Hunter Lane, American baseball player (d. 1994)
- July 21 – Isadora Bennett, American theatre manager, modern dance publicity agent (d. 1980)
- July 23
- July 26 – Sarah Kafrit, Israeli politician, teacher (d. 1983)[76]
- July 28 – Lady Dorothy Macmillan, spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1966)
- July 29
August
Arturo Umberto Illia
Cecil Howard Green
Hans Adolf Krebs
- August 3 – Ernie Pyle, American journalist (d. 1945)
- August 4
- Arturo Umberto Illia, 34th President of Argentina (d. 1983)
- Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, queen consort of George VI (d. 2002)[79]
- Nabi Tajima, Japanese supercentenarian, last surviving person born in the 19th century[80] (d. 2018)
- August 6
- August 8 – Alexis Minotis, Greek actor, stage director (d. 1990)
- August 9 – Charles Farrell, American actor (d. 1990)
- August 10 – Arthur Espie Porritt, New Zealand politician, athlete (d. 1994)
- August 11
- August 14
- Margret Boveri, German journalist, recipient of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (d. 1975)[81]
- Benita von Falkenhayn, German baroness, spy for the Second Polish Republic pre-WWII (d. 1935)
- August 15 – Estelle Brody, American silent film actress (d. 1995)[82]
- August 16 – Ida Browne, Australian geologist, palaeontologist (d. 1976)[83]
- August 17
- August 18
- August 19
- August 22
- August 23
- August 25
- Isobel Hogg Kerr Beattie, Scottish architect (d. 1970)[91]
- Sir Hans Adolf Krebs, German physician, biochemist and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1981)
- August 26
September
Miguel Alemán Valdés
- September 3 – Urho Kekkonen, 8th President of Finland (d. 1986)
- September 5 – Grace Eldering, American public health scientist, co-developed vaccine for whooping cough (d. 1988)[93]
- September 6 – W. A. C. Bennett, Canadian politician (d. 1979)
- September 8 – Tilly Devine, English-Australian organised crime boss (d. 1970)[94]
- September 17
- J. Willard Marriott, American entrepreneur and founder of Marriott International (d. 1985)
- Lena Frances Edwards, African-American physician, awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom (d. 1986)[95]
- Martha Ostenso, Canadian screenwriter, novelist (d. 1963)[96]
- Hedwig Ross, New Zealand-born educator, political activist and founding member of the Communist Party of New Zealand (d. 1971)[97]
- September 18
- September 20 – Uuno Klami, Finnish composer (d. 1961)
- September 22 – Paul Hugh Emmett, American chemical engineer (d. 1985)
- September 23 – Louise Nevelson, Ukrainian-born American sculptor (d. 1988)
- September 26 – Suzanne Belperron, French jewellery designer (d. 1983)[98]
- September 27 – Miguel Alemán Valdés, 46th President of Mexico, 1946-1952 (d. 1983)[99]
October
Bing Xin
Ismail al-Azhari
Srinagarindra
Ragnar Granit
- October 1 – Tom Goddard, English cricketer (d. 1966)
- October 2 – Olive Ann Alcorn, American dancer, model, and silent film actress (d. 1975)[100]
- October 5
- October 6
- October 7 – Heinrich Himmler, German Nazi official, SS head (d. 1945)
- October 10 – Helen Hayes, American actress (d. 1993)[104]
- October 11 - Boris Yefimov, Soviet political cartoonist (d. 2008)
- October 16 – Edward Ardizzone, English painter, printmaker and author (d. 1979)
- October 17 – Jean Arthur, American actress (d. 1991)[105]
- October 18
- October 19
- Erna Berger, German coloratura lyric soprano (d. 1990)
- Bill Ponsford, Australian cricketer (d. 1991)
- October 20 – Ismail al-Azhari, 2nd Prime Minister of Sudan, 3rd President of Sudan (d. 1969)
- October 21
- October 23 – Douglas Jardine, British cricketeer (d. 1958)
- October 25 – Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, Nigerian suffragist and women's rights activist (d. 1978)
- October 26
- October 30
- Ragnar Granit, Finnish neuroscientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1991)
- Agustín Lara, Mexican composer and interpreter of songs and boleros (d. 1970)[110]
- October 31 – Asbjørg Borgfelt, Norwegian sculptor (d. 1976)
November
Eliška Junková
Håkan Malmrot
- November 2 – Carola Neher, German actress and singer (d. 1942)
- November 3 - Adolf Dassler, Cobbler, entrepreneur and inventor who founded Adidas (d. 1978)
- November 4 – Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu, Romanian communist activist, sociologist (d. 1954)
- November 5
- Martin Dies Jr., American politician (d. 1972)
- Natalie Schafer, American actress (d. 1991)
- Ethelwynn Trewavas, British ichthyologist, over a dozen fish species named in her honor (d. 1993)[111]
- November 6
- November 8 – Margaret Mitchell, American writer (Gone With The Wind) (d. 1949)[113]
- November 10 – Rudolf Vogel, German film and television actor (d. 1967)
- November 11
- November 13
- November 14 – Aaron Copland, American composer (d. 1990)
- November 16
- November 19 – Anna Seghers, German writer (d. 1983)[115]
- November 20
- November 21 – Bettina Warburg, German-American psychiatrist, professor (d. 1990)
- November 22 – Tom Macdonald, Welsh journalist, novelist (d. 1980)
- November 25 – Rudolf Höß, German Nazi official (d. 1947)
- November 26 – Anna Maurizio, Swiss biologist, known for her study of bees (d. 1993)[117]
- November 27 – Jovette Bernier, Canadian journalist, author, and radio show host (d. 1981)[118]
- November 28 – Mary Bothwell, Canadian classical vocalist, painter (d. 1985)[119]
- November 29
- November 30 – Luigi Stipa, Italian aeronautical, hydraulic, and civil engineer and aircraft designer (d. 1992)
December
- December 2
- December 3
- December 6 – Agnes Moorehead, American actress, best known for her role in Bewitched (d. 1974)[124]
- December 7
- December 10 – Dominic Costa, Australian politician (d. 1976)
- December 11 – Hermína Týrlová, Czechoslovakian animator, screenwriter, and film director (d. 1993)[126]
- December 12 – Sammy Davis Sr., American dancer (d. 1988)
- December 16 – Rudolf Diels, German Nazi civil servant, Gestapo chief (d. 1957)
- December 17
- December 19 – Margaret Brundage, American illustrator, known for illustrating the pulp magazine Weird Tales (d. 1976)[129]
- December 20
- December 22
- December 23
- Merle Barwis, American-Canadian supercentenarian (d. 2014)[80]
- Marie Bell, French actress, stage director (d. 1985)
- José de León Toral, assassin of Mexican President Álvaro Obregón (d. 1929)
- December 24
- Joey Smallwood, first Premier of Newfoundland & Labrador (d. 1991)
- Hussein Al Oweini, 18th prime minister of Lebanon (d. 1971)
- Hawayo Takata, Japanese-American teacher, master practitioner of Reiki (d. 1980)
- December 25 – Antoni Zygmund, Polish mathematician (d. 1992)
- December 26 – Evelyn Bark, leading member of the British Red Cross, first female recipient of the CMG (d. 1993)[131]
Date unknown
Virginia M. Alexander
- Robina Addis, early British professional psychiatric social worker (d. 1986)[132]
- Margaret Altmann, German-American biologist, specialist in animal husbandry and psychobiology (d. 1984)[133]
- Juanita Ángeles, Filipina silent film actress (d. unknown)
- Hattie Moseley Austin, African-American entrepreneur, restaurateur (d. 1998)[134]
- Louella Ballerino, American fashion designer, known for her work in sportswear (d. 1978)[135]
- Natalya Bilikhodze, Russian Romanov impostor falsely claiming to be Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 2000)[136]
- Ruth Bonner, Soviet Communist activist, sentenced to labor camp during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge (d. 1987)[137][138]
- Anna Borkowska (Sister Bertranda), Polish nun, prioress who hid 17 Jews in her monastery during WWII (d. 1988)
- Grace Hartman, Canadian social activist, politician, and first female mayor of Sudbury, Ontario (d. 1998)[139]
- Rubén Jaramillo, Mexican peasant leader (d. 1962)[140]
- Daudo Okelo, Ugandan Roman Catholic martyr and saint (b. ca. 1900; d. 1918)
- Bella Reay, English footballer (d. unknown)
- Virginia Frances Sterrett, American artist, illustrator (d. 1931)[141]
- Yung Fung-shee, Hong Kong philanthropist (d. 1972)
Deaths
January–June
Mary Kingsley
Lucinda Hinsdale Stone
Princess Josephine of Baden
- January 5 – William A. Hammond, American military physician, neurologist, and 11th Surgeon General of the United States Army (1862–1864) (b. 1828)
- January 11 – James Martineau, English religious philosopher (b. 1805)[142]
- January 16 – S. M. I. Henry, American evangelist (b. 1839)
- January 20 – John Ruskin, English writer, artist, and social critic (b. 1819)
- January 21 – Francis, Duke of Teck (b. 1837)
- January 31 – John Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry, Scottish nobleman, boxer (b. 1844)
- February 6 – Sir William Wilson Hunter, Scottish historian, civil servant and academic administrator (b. 1840)
- February 18 – Clinton L. Merriam, American politician (b. 1824)
- February 23 – William Butterfield, British architect (b. 1814)
- March 6
- Carl Bechstein, German piano maker (b. 1826)[143]
- Gottlieb Daimler, German inventor, automotive pioneer (b. 1834)
- March 7 – Rachel Lloyd, American chemist (b. 1839)
- March 10 – Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann, Danish composer (b. 1805)
- March 14 – Lucinda Hinsdale Stone, American feminist (b. 1814)
- March 18 – Hjalmar Kiærskou, Danish botanist (b. 1835)
- March 28 – Piet Joubert, Boer politician, military commander (b. 1834)
- March 29 – Cyrus K. Holliday, cofounder of Topeka, Kansas, 1st president of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (b. 1826)
- April 2 – Gustaf Åkerhielm, 6th prime minister of Sweden (b. 1833)
- April 5
- April 7 – Frederic Edwin Church, American landscape painter (b. 1826)
- April 12 – James Richard Cocke, American physician, homeopath, and pioneer hypnotherapist (b. 1863)
- April 17 – George Curry, Wild West robber (Wild Bunch) (shot) (b. 1871)
- April 19 – James Dawson, Australian activist (b. 1806)
- April 21 – Vikramatji Khimojiraj, Indian ruler (b. 1819)
- April 22 – Amédée-François Lamy, French soldier (b. 1858) (killed in battle)
- April 24 – George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll, British politician (b. 1823)
- April 30 – Casey Jones, American railway engineer (b. 1863)
- May 1 – Mihály Munkácsy, Hungarian painter (b. 1844)
- May 2 – Seweryn Morawski, Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1819)
- May 9 – Carit Etlar (Carl Brosbøll), Danish author (b. 1816)
- May 18 – Félix Ravaisson-Mollien, French philosopher (b. 1813)
- May 28 – Sir George Grove, English music writer (b. 1820)
- June 2 – Samori Ture, West African empire-builder (b. 1830)
- June 3
- June 5 – Stephen Crane, American author (b. 1871)
- June 11 – Belle Boyd, American Confederate spy, actress (b. 1843)
- June 19 – Princess Josephine of Baden (b. 1813)
July–December
King Umberto I
Kuroda Kiyotaka
- July 5 – Henry Barnard, American educationalist (b. 1811)
- July 8 – Henry D. Cogswell, American philanthropist (b. 1820)
- July 9 – Gregorio Grassi, Italian Franciscan friar, Roman Catholic martyr and saint (b. 1833)
- July 26 – Nicolae Crețulescu, 2-time prime minister of Romania (b. 1812)
- July 29 – King Umberto I of Italy (assassinated) (b. 1844)
- July 30 – Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, second son of Queen Victoria (b. 1844)[145]
- August 1 – Rafael Molina Sanchez, Spanish bullfighter (b. 1841)
- August 4 – Étienne Lenoir, Belgian engineer (b. 1822)
- August 6 – Esther Tuttle Pritchard, American missionary (b. 1840)
- August 7 – Wilhelm Liebknecht, German Social Democratic politician (b. 1826)[146]
- August 8
- August 10 – Charles Russell, Baron Russell of Killowen, Lord Chief Justice of England (b. 1832)
- August 12 – Wilhelm Steinitz, Austrian-born chess player, first undisputed World Champion (b. 1836)
- August 13 – Vladimir Solovyov, Russian philosopher and poet (b. 1853)
- August 16 – José Maria de Eça de Queirós, Portuguese writer (b. 1845)
- August 23 – Kuroda Kiyotaka, Japanese politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1840)
- August 25 – Friedrich Nietzsche, German philosopher, writer (b. 1844)
- September 5 – Arthur Sewall, American politician, industrialist (b. 1835)
- September 19 – Belle Archer, American actress (b. 1859)
- September 23
- William Marsh Rice, American philanthropist, university founder (b. 1816)
- Arsenio Martínez-Campos, Spanish general, revolutionary, and Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1831)
- September 29 – Samuel Fenton Cary, American politician (b. 1814)
- October 15 – Zdeněk Fibich, Czech composer (b. 1850)
- October 19 – Sir Roderick Cameron, Canadian shipping magnate (b. 1825)
- October 22 – John Sherman, American politician (b.1823)
- October 28 – Max Müller, German philologist, Orientalist (b. 1823)
- November 11 – Frances Griswold, pen name "Fan-Fan", American author of Sunday school tales (b. 1826)
- November 22
- Kagenori Nire, Japanese admiral (b. 1831)
- Sir Arthur Sullivan, English composer (b. 1842)
- November 26 – Méry Laurent, French artist's muse, model (b. 1849)
- November 30 – Oscar Wilde, Irish writer (b. 1854)
- December 4 – Aquileo Parra, 11th President of Colombia (b. 1825)
- December 14 – Paddy Ryan, Irish-American boxer, former world's heavyweight champion (b. 1851)
- December 20
- December 21 – Leonhard Graf von Blumenthal, Prussian field marshal (b. 1810)
- December 29 – John Henry Leech, English entomologist (b. 1862)
- December 30 –Lord William Beresford, Irish army officer, Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1847)
- December 31 – José Plácido Caamaño, 12th president of Ecuador (b. 1837)
- undated – Lin Hei'er, Chinese rebel
World population
- World population: 1,640,000,000
- Africa: 133,000,000
- Asia: 947,000,000
- Japan: c. 45,000,000
- Europe: 408,000,000
- Latin America: 74,000,000
- Northern America: 82,000,000
- Oceania: 6,000,000
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Further reading
- Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events...1900 (1901), vast compendium of data; global coverage online edition
- Gilbert, Martin. A History of the Twentieth Century 1900-1933, Vol. 1 (1997) pp 7–35; global coverage of politics, diplomacy and warfare.
- Herbert C. Fyfe, Pearson's Magazine, July 1900: "How Will The World End?"
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