1992
1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1992nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 992nd year of the 2nd millennium, the 92nd year of the 20th century, and the 3rd year of the 1990s decade.
From left, clockwise: Riots break out across Los Angeles, California after the police beating of Rodney King; El Al Flight 1862 crashes into a residential apartment building in Amsterdam after two of its engines separate from the aircraft; Ambulances take victims of the Khojaly massacre in Azerbaijan away; The Breakup of Yugoslavia, which had started the year prior, officially becomes complete, creating the countries shown in its place; Somali children wait for food aid during the 1992 famine in Somalia; The Maastricht Treaty is signed, making it the foundational document of the European Union; The 1992 Summer Olympics are held in Barcelona; The Executive Council Building in Sarajevo burns after being hit by tank fire - the ongoing ethnic and national conflicts amid the Breakup of Yugoslavia culminate into the Bosnian War.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1992 by topic |
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| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
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| Gregorian calendar | 1992 MCMXCII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2745 |
| Armenian calendar | 1441 ԹՎ ՌՆԽԱ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6742 |
| Baháʼí calendar | 148–149 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1913–1914 |
| Bengali calendar | 1399 |
| Berber calendar | 2942 |
| British Regnal year | 40 Eliz. 2 – 41 Eliz. 2 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2536 |
| Burmese calendar | 1354 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7500–7501 |
| Chinese calendar | 辛未年 (Metal Goat) 4688 or 4628 — to — 壬申年 (Water Monkey) 4689 or 4629 |
| Coptic calendar | 1708–1709 |
| Discordian calendar | 3158 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1984–1985 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5752–5753 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 2048–2049 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1913–1914 |
| - Kali Yuga | 5092–5093 |
| Holocene calendar | 11992 |
| Igbo calendar | 992–993 |
| Iranian calendar | 1370–1371 |
| Islamic calendar | 1412–1413 |
| Japanese calendar | Heisei 4 (平成４年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1924–1925 |
| Juche calendar | 81 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 13 days |
| Korean calendar | 4325 |
| Minguo calendar | ROC 81 民國81年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 524 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2535 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴金羊年 (female Iron-Goat) 2118 or 1737 or 965 — to — 阳水猴年 (male Water-Monkey) 2119 or 1738 or 966 |
| Unix time | 694224000 – 725846399 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1992.
1992 was designated as International Space Year by the United Nations.
Events
January
- January 1 – Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt replaces Javier Pérez de Cuéllar of Peru as United Nations Secretary-General.[1]
- January 6
- The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic is proclaimed by the Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh.[2]
- 1991–92 Georgian coup d'état: President of Georgia Zviad Gamsakhurdia flees the country as a result of the military coup.[3]
- January 7 – 1992 European Community Monitor Mission helicopter downing: A Yugoslav Air Force Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 attacks two Italian Army Agusta-Bell AB-206L LongRanger helicopters carrying observers from the European Community Monitor Mission. One crashes, killing five people on board. The other helicopter crash-lands, but its occupants survive.[4]
- January 9
- Bosnian Serbs declare their own republic within Bosnia and Herzegovina, in protest of the decision by Bosniaks and Bosnian Croats to seek recognition by the European Communities.
- First confirmed detection of exoplanets with announcement of the discovery of several terrestrial-mass planets orbiting the pulsar PSR B1257+12, by radio astronomers Aleksander Wolszczan and Dale Frail working in the United States.[5]
- January 15 – The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia begins to break up; Slovenia and Croatia gain independence and international recognition in some Western countries.
- January 16 – El Salvador officials and rebel leaders sign the Chapultepec Peace Accords in Mexico City, ending the 12-year Salvadoran Civil War that claimed at least 75,000 lives.
- January 19
- In the Bulgarian presidential election, the first held by direct vote, Zhelyu Zhelev, leader of the Union of Democratic Forces, retains office.[6]
- Paramount Leader of China Deng Xiaoping speaks in Shenzhen during his southern tour, a move that would return China on its right-wing march towards free market economics.[7]
- January 22 – Rebel forces occupy Zaire's national radio station in Kinshasa and broadcast a demand for the government's resignation.[8]
- January 24 – China and Israel establish diplomatic relations.
- January 26
- Boris Yeltsin announces that Russia will stop targeting cities of the United States and her allies with nuclear weapons. In return President George H. W. Bush announces that the United States and her allies will stop targeting Russia and the remaining communist states with nuclear weapons.
- In Mauritania, security forces open fire on opponents of President of Mauritania Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, killing at least five people.
- January 27 – First Nagorno-Karabakh War: in the disputed territory of Nagorno-Karabakh, fighting between Armenians and Azeris leaves at least 60 people dead.
- January 30 – North Korea signs an accord with the International Atomic Energy Agency allowing for international inspections of North Korea's nuclear power plants.
February
- February 1 – President of the United States George H. W. Bush meets with President of Russia Boris Yeltsin at Camp David, where they formally declare that the Cold War is over.[9]
- February 3 – South African State President F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela, African National Congress leader, are jointly awarded the Felix Houphouet-Boigny Peace Prize at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris.
- February 4 – In Venezuela, Hugo Chávez leads an unsuccessful coup attempt against President of Venezuela Carlos Andrés Pérez.
- February 6 – Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms celebrates her Ruby Jubilee, marking 40 years since her accession to the thrones of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.[10]
- February 7 – The Maastricht Treaty is signed, founding the European Union.[11]
- February 8 – The opening ceremony for the 1992 Winter Olympics is held in Albertville, France.[12]
- February 9 – Algerian Civil War: The government of Algeria declares a state of emergency and begins a crackdown on the Islamic Salvation Front.[13]
- February 14 – Ukraine and four other nations in the Commonwealth of Independent States reject Russia's proposal to maintain unified armed forces. Ukraine, Moldova and Azerbaijan announce they will go ahead with plans to create their own military forces.
- February 16 – In Lebanon, Israeli helicopter gunships assassinate Abbas al-Musawi, the leader of Hezbollah, and his son, in retaliation for a February 14 raid that killed three Israeli soldiers.
- February 17 – A court in Milwaukee, Wisconsin sentences serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer to 15 terms of life in prison. Dahmer is murdered in prison 2 years later.[14]
- February 18 – Iraq disarmament crisis: The Executive Chairman of UNSCOM details Iraq's refusal to abide by UN Security Council disarmament resolutions.
- February 21 – The United Nations Security Council approves Resolution 743 to send a UNPROFOR peacekeeping force to Yugoslavia.
- February 25–26 – 613 Azerbaijani civilians are massacred in Khojaly.
- February 26 – The Supreme Court of Ireland rules that a 14-year-old rape victim may travel to the United Kingdom to have an abortion.
- February 28 – Ownership of the port town of Walvis Bay is transferred from South Africa to Namibia.
March
- March 1 – The first victims of the Bosnian War are a Serb bridegroom's father and an Orthodox priest in a Sarajevo shooting.[15] In the Bosnian independence referendum, held from February 29 to March 1 and boycotted by Bosnian Serbs, the majority of the Bosniak and Bosnian Croat communities have voted for Bosnia-Herzegovina's independence.
- March 2 – In Dubăsari, Moldova, escalating tensions turn into open hostilities and the beginning of the Transnistria War.
- March 4 – The Supreme Court of Algeria bans the Islamic Salvation Front, which is poised to win control of the Parliament of Algeria in runoff elections.
- March 9 – The People's Republic of China ratifies the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
- March 12 – Mauritius becomes a republic while remaining a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
- March 13 – The 6.7 Mw Erzincan earthquake affects eastern Turkey with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), killing 498–652 and injuring around 2,000.
- March 18 – White South Africans vote in favour of political reforms which will end the apartheid regime and create a power-sharing multi-racial government.[16]
- March 22
- In French regional elections, the conservative Rally for the Republic and the centre-right Union for French Democracy win in a landslide, capturing 20 of 22 metropolitan regional presidencies.
- STS-45: Space Shuttle Atlantis takes off from Cape Canaveral carrying instruments designed to study global warming.
- March 24 – The Treaty on Open Skies is signed in Helsinki, Finland, to establish a program of unarmed surveillance flights over the 34 member states. It went into effect on January 1, 2002.[17]
- March 25
- The International Atomic Energy Agency orders Iraq to destroy an industrial complex at Al Atheer that is being used to manufacture nuclear weapons.
- Pakistan beats England in the final to win the Cricket World Cup for the very first time.
- March 31 – The Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act of Singapore comes into force.[18]
April
- April 5
- The Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina (without the presence of Serb political delegates) proclaims independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
- Bosnian War: Serb troops, following a mass rebellion of Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina against the Bosnian declaration of independence from Yugoslavia, besiege the city of Sarajevo.
- President of Peru Alberto Fujimori issues Decree Law 25418, dissolving the Congress of the Republic of Peru, imposing censorship and having opposition politicians arrested, setting off the 1992 Peruvian constitutional crisis.
- April 6 – The Republic of Ilirida is proclaimed by Albanian Macedonian activists in Struga, Republic of Macedonia.[19]
- April 7 – The United States recognizes the independence of Slovenia, Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The European Communities also recognizes Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- April 9
- A Miami jury convicts former Panamanian ruler Manuel Noriega of assisting Colombia's cocaine cartel.
- In the United Kingdom general election the Conservative Party led by Prime Minister of the United Kingdom John Major narrowly retains power.
- April 10
- First Nagorno-Karabakh War: Maraga massacre – At least 43 Armenian civilians are killed as their village of Maraga, Azerbaijan, is captured and destroyed by the Azerbaijani Armed Forces.
- A Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb explodes at the Baltic Exchange in the City of London; three are killed, 91 injured.
- April 13 – The 5.3 Mw Roermond earthquake affects the Netherlands, Germany and Belgium with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (Very strong).
- April 15 – The National Assembly of Vietnam adopts the 1992 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
- April 16 – President of Afghanistan Mohammad Najibullah is ousted and detained by Muslim rebels moving towards Kabul, setting the stage for the civil war in Afghanistan (1992–96).
- April 20 – The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert, held at Wembley Stadium, London, is televised live to over one billion people and raises millions of dollars for AIDS research.
- April 21 – The death of Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia results in a succession dispute between Nicholas Romanov, Prince of Russia and Vladimir's daughter Maria for the leadership of the Imperial Family of Russia.
- April 22 – Fuel leaking into a sewer causes a series of explosions in Guadalajara, Mexico; 215 are killed, 1,500 injured.
- April 27 – Betty Boothroyd becomes the first woman elected Speaker of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.
- April 28 – The two remaining constituent republics of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia – Serbia and Montenegro – form a new state, named the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (which in 2003 becomes Serbia and Montenegro), bringing to an end the official state union of Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, Montenegrins, Bosnian Muslims and Macedonians that has existed since 1918 (with the exception of an occupation period during World War II).
- April 29
- Los Angeles riots: The acquittal of four police officers in the Rodney King beating criminal trial triggers massive rioting in Los Angeles.[20] The riots will last for six days resulting in 63 deaths and over $1 billion in damages before order is restored by the military.
- In Sierra Leone, a group of young soldiers launch a military coup that sends president Joseph Saidu Momoh into exile in Guinea, and the National Provisional Ruling Council (NPRC) is established with 25-year-old Captain Valentine Strasser as its chairman and Head of State of the country.[21]
May
- May 1 – Lithuania introduces a new temporary currency, the talonas.[22]
- May 5
- Russian leaders in Crimea declare their separation from Ukraine as a new republic. They withdraw the secession on May 10.
- Armand Césari Stadium disaster in Bastia on Corsica: 18 people are killed and 2,300 are injured when one of the terraces collapses before a football match between SC Bastia and Olympique de Marseille.
- May 7
- STS-49: Space Shuttle Endeavour makes its maiden flight, as a replacement for Space Shuttle Challenger.[23]
- In the Sydney River McDonald's murders in Nova Scotia, Canada, three McDonald's employees are killed and a fourth is left permanently disabled during a botched robbery.
- May 9
- The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is adopted in New York.
- The Westray Mine in Plymouth, Nova Scotia, Canada, explodes, killing all 26 miners working the night shift.[24]
- May 10 – Sweden wins the Ice Hockey World Championships in Czechoslovakia defeating Finland, 5–2, in the final game in Prague.
- May 13 – Falun Gong is introduced by Li Hongzhi in China.
- May 15 – The Collective Security Treaty Organization is established by six post-Soviet states belonging to the Commonwealth of Independent States (effective April 20, 1994).[25]
- May 16–17 – Bosnian War: U.N. peacekeepers withdraw from Sarajevo.
- May 17 – Protests begin in Bangkok, Thailand, against the government of General Suchinda Kraprayoon, sparking a bloody crackdown.
- May 23 – Capaci bombing: A Mafia bomb on the autostrada in Sicily kills five people, including Italian anti-Mafia judge Giovanni Falcone.[26]
- May 24
- In Thailand, Suchinda Kraprayoon agrees to resign.[27]
- Parliamentary election held in Burkina Faso, for the first time since 1978.
- May 30 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 757 imposes economic sanctions on Yugoslavia in an effort to end its attacks on Bosnia and Herzegovina.
June
- June 2 – In a national referendum Denmark rejects the Maastricht Treaty by a narrow margin.
- June 3–14 – The Earth Summit is held in Rio de Janeiro.[28]
- June 8 – The first World Oceans Day is celebrated, coinciding with the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- June 10–26 – Sweden hosts the UEFA Euro 1992 football tournament, which is won by Denmark.
- June 16 – A "Joint Understanding" agreement on arms reduction is signed by U.S. President George H. W. Bush and Russian President Boris Yeltsin (this is later codified in START II).[29]
- June 17
- Two German relief workers held since 1989, Thomas Kemptner and Heinrich Struebig, are handed over to the German authorities after their release; they are the last Western hostages in Lebanon.[30]
- Violence breaks out between the African National Congress and the Inkatha Freedom Party in Boipatong, South Africa, leaving 46 dead.
- June 18 – Ireland votes for the Eleventh Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland to accept the Maastricht Treaty with a popular vote of over 69%.[31]
- June 20
- June 21 – Nelson Mandela announces that the African National Congress will halt negotiations with the government of South Africa following the Boipatong massacre of June 17.
- June 22 – Two skeletons excavated in Yekaterinburg are identified as Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Tsarina Alexandra.
- June 23 – The Israeli legislative election is won by the Israeli Labor Party under the leadership of Yitzhak Rabin, ousting a Likud government.
- June 25 – The Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) is founded.
- June 26 – Denmark beats Germany 2–0 in the final to win the 1992 UEFA European Football Championship at Ullevi Stadium in Gothenburg, Sweden.
- June 28 – Estonia holds a referendum on its constitution, which will come into effect on July 3.
July
- July 6–8 – The 18th G7 summit is held in Munich.
- July 6–29 – Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq refuses a U.N. inspection team access to the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture. UNSCOM claims that it has reliable information that the site contains archives related to illegal weapons activities. U.N. inspectors stage a 17-day "sit-in" outside of the building, but leave when their safety is threatened by Iraqi soldiers.
- July 10
- In Miami, former Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega is sentenced to 40 years in prison for participating in the illegal drug trade and racketeering.
- The Giotto spacecraft flies past Comet 26P/Grigg–Skjellerup, gathering measurements about the comet.
- July 13 – Yitzhak Rabin becomes prime minister of Israel.[32]
- July 16 – At the 1992 Democratic National Convention, Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton accepts his party's presidential nomination on behalf of the "forgotten middle class".
- July 17 – The Slovak National Council declares Slovakia an independent country, signaling the breakup of Czechoslovakia.
- July 19
- Via D'Amelio bombing: A car bomb placed by the Sicilian Mafia (with the collaboration of Italian intelligence) kills judge Paolo Borsellino and five members of his police escort.[33]
- The Cabinet of Israel approves a freeze on new Israeli settlement in the occupied territories, a move expected to reinvigorate the Middle East Peace Process.
- July 20 – Václav Havel resigns as president of Czechoslovakia.
- July 21 – Transnistria War ends with a ceasefire.
- July 22 – Near Medellín, Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar escapes from his luxury prison, fearing extradition to the United States.[34]
- July 23 – Abkhazia declares independence from Georgia.
- July 25–August 9 – The 1992 Summer Olympics are held in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.[35]
- July 26 – Iraq agrees to allow U.N. weapons inspectors to search the Iraqi Agricultural Ministry building in Baghdad. When inspectors arrive on July 28 and 29, they find nothing and voice suspicions that Iraqi records have been removed.
- July 31
- Georgia becomes the 179th member of the United Nations after seceding from the Soviet Union the previous year.
- Thai Airways International Flight 311, an Airbus A310-300, crashes into a mountain north of Kathmandu, Nepal killing all 113 people on board.
- China General Aviation Flight 7552 bound for Xiamen crashes soon after taking off from Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport, killing 108 of the 116 people on board.
August
- August 3–4 – Millions of black South Africans participate in a general strike called by the African National Congress to protest the lack of progress in negotiations with the government of State President of South Africa F. W. de Klerk.
- August 12 – Canada, Mexico and the United States announce that a deal has been reached on the North American Free Trade Agreement; this will be formally signed on December 17.
- August 18
- Prime Minister of the United Kingdom John Major announces the creation of Iraqi no-fly zones (→ Operation Southern Watch).
- The State Insurance Organization of Turkmenistan is founded.[36]
- August 23 – Hurricane Andrew attains Category 5 status on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale and, at 2100 UTC, hits Eleuthera and the Bahama Banks.
- August 24
- Concordia University massacre: Valery Fabrikant murders four colleagues and seriously wounds another in a shooting at Concordia University, in Montreal, Quebec.
- China and South Korea establish diplomatic relations.
- August 24–28 – Hurricane Andrew hits south Florida and Louisiana and dissipates over the Tennessee valley when it merges with a storm system; 23 are killed.
- August 29 – In Rostock, Germany, tens of thousands rally to protest neo-Nazi attacks on refugees and immigrants begun on August 22.
September
- September 1 – In Beijing, police arrest Shen Tong for his role in organizing the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.
- September 2 – The 7.7 Mw Nicaragua earthquake affects the west coast of Nicaragua. With a Ms –Mw disparity of half a unit, this tsunami earthquake triggers a tsunami that causes most of the damage and casualties, with at least 116 killed. Average runup heights are 3–8 meters (9.8–26.2 ft).
- September 7
- In Ciskei, members of the Ciskei Defence Force loyal to dictator Oupa Gqozo open fire into a crowd of anti-Gqozo protestors organized by the African National Congress, killing at least 28 people and wounding nearly 200.
- President of Tajikistan Rahmon Nabiyev is forced to resign following weeks of clan and religious warfare that have left nearly 2,000 people dead.
- September 11 – Hurricane Iniki hits the Hawaiian Islands, Kauai and Oahu.
- September 12 – In Peru, police arrest Abimael Guzmán, the leader of the Shining Path guerilla movement, who has evaded capture for 12 years.
- September 16 – Black Wednesday: The pound sterling and the Italian lira are forced out of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism.
- September 17 – Two Kurdish opposition leaders are assassinated by the Iranian Kazem Darabi and the Lebanese Abbas Rhayel.
- September 20 – French voters narrowly approve the Maastricht Treaty in the French Maastricht Treaty referendum.
- September 21 – Mexico establishes diplomatic relations with Vatican City, ending a break that has lasted over 130 years.
- September 28 – Law enforcement officials in the United States, Colombia and Italy announce that they have arrested more than 165 people on money laundering charges related to cocaine trafficking.
- September 29 – The Chamber of Deputies of Brazil votes to impeach President of Brazil Fernando Collor de Mello, the country's first democratically elected leader in 29 years. Vice President Itamar Franco becomes acting president.
October
- October 2 – A riot breaks out in the Carandiru Penitentiary in São Paulo, Brazil, resulting in the Carandiru massacre.[37]
- October 3 – After performing a song protesting against alleged Catholic Church child sexual abuse, Irish singer-songwriter Sinéad O'Connor rips up a photograph of Pope John Paul II on the US television programme Saturday Night Live, causing huge controversy.
- October 4
- The government of Mozambique signs the Rome General Peace Accords with leaders of RENAMO, ending the 16-year-old Mozambican Civil War.
- Israeli cargo plane El Al Flight 1862 crashes into residential buildings in Amsterdam's Bijlmermeer, Netherlands, after taking off from Schiphol Airport and losing two engines, killing all 4 people on board and 39 on the ground.[38]
- October 6 – Lennart Meri becomes the first President of Estonia after regaining independence. The Estonian Government in Exile resigns on the next day.
- October 7 – In Peru, Shining Path leader Abimael Guzmán is convicted of treason and sentenced to life in prison.
- October 11 – The Catechism of the Catholic Church is promulgated by Pope John Paul II with his apostolic constitution, Fidei depositum.[39]
- October 12
- In the Dominican Republic, Pope John Paul II celebrates the 500th anniversary of the meeting of two cultures.
- The 5.8 mb Cairo earthquake affects the city with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), leaving 545 dead and 6,512 injured.
- October 19 – The Chinese Communist Party promotes several market-oriented reformers to the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, signaling a defeat for hard-line ideologues.
- October 21 – 150,000 coal miners march in London to protest government plans to close coal mines and reduce the number of miners.[40]
- October 23 – Emperor of Japan Akihito begins the first imperial visit to China, telling a Beijing audience he feels deep sorrow for the suffering of the Chinese people during World War II.
- October 25 – Lithuania holds a referendum on its first constitution after declaring independence from the Soviet Union in 1990.
- October 26 – In a national referendum, voters in Canada reject the Charlottetown Accord.
- October 31 – Pope John Paul II issues an apology and lifts the 1633 edict of the Inquisition against Galileo Galilei.[41]
November
- November 3 – In the 1992 United States presidential election, Democratic Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton defeats Republican President George H. W. Bush and Independent Ross Perot.
- November 8 – More than 350,000 people rally in Berlin to protest right-wing violence against immigrants; stones and eggs are thrown at President of Germany Richard von Weizsäcker and Chancellor of Germany Helmut Kohl.
- November 11 – The Church of England votes to allow women to become priests.
- November 13
- The government of Peru announces it has arrested a small group of army officers who were plotting the assassination of President Alberto Fujimori.
- A report by the World Meteorological Organization reports an unprecedented level of ozone depletion in both the Arctic and Antarctic.
- November 14 – In poor conditions caused by Cyclone Forrest, Vietnam Airlines Flight 474 crashes near Nha Trang, killing 30.[42][43][44]
- November 15 – The Lithuanian parliamentary election sees the Communists of the Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania, led by Algirdas Brazauskas, return to power.
- November 18 – Russian President Boris Yeltsin releases the flight data recorder (FDR) and cockpit voice recorder (CVR) of Korean Air Flight 007, which was shot down by the Soviets in 1983.
- November 24 – In China, China Southern Airlines Flight 3943, a China Southern Airlines domestic flight, crashes, killing all 141 people on board.
- November 25
- The Czechoslovakia Federal Assembly votes to split the country into the Czech Republic and Slovakia, starting on January 1, 1993.
- In a national referendum related to abortion, voters in Ireland reject the proposed Twelfth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 1992 but approve the Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland and the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland.
- November 27 – The government of Venezuela puts down a coup attempt by a group of Air Force officers who have bombed the presidential palace.
December
- December 1 – South Korea and South Africa reestablish diplomatic relations. South Korea previously had diplomatic relations with South Africa from 1961 to 1978, when they were severed by the former due to the latter's policy of apartheid.
- December 3
- UN Security Council Resolution 794 is unanimously passed, approving a coalition of United Nations peacekeepers led by the United States to form UNITAF, tasked with ensuring that humanitarian aid gets distributed and establishing peace in Somalia.
- A test engineer for Sema Group uses a personal computer to send the world's first text message via the Vodafone network to the phone of a colleague.
- December 4 – U.S. military forces land in Somalia.
- December 6 – Demolition of Babri Masjid: Extremist Hindu activists in India demolish Babri Masjid – a 16th-century mosque in Ayodhya which has been used as a temple since 1949 – leading to widespread communal violence, including the Bombay riots, in all killing over 1,500 people.
- December 9 – The Prince and Princess of Wales publicly announce their separation.
- December 12 – The 7.8 Mw Flores earthquake affects the Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe) leaving at least 2,500 dead. A destructive tsunami with wave heights of 25 m (82 ft) follows.
- December 16 – The Czech National Council adopts the Constitution of the Czech Republic.[45]
- December 18 – The South Korean presidential election is won by Kim Young-sam, the first non-military candidate elected since 1961.
- December 21 – President of Serbia Slobodan Milošević defeats Milan Panić in the Serbian presidential election.
- December 22 – The Archives of Terror are discovered by Dr. Martín Almada in Asunción, detailing the fates of thousands of Latin Americans who have been secretly kidnapped, tortured and killed by the security services of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay in Operation Condor.
Births
| Births |
|---|
| January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December |
January
_(cropped).jpg.webp)
Tyler Seguin
- January 1
- January 3 – Gao Lei, Chinese trampoline gymnast[48]
- January 4
- January 5 – Trent Sainsbury, Australian footballer[51]
- January 7 - Edgaras Ulanovas (basketball player, born 1992), Lithuanian basketball player
- January 8 – Koke, Spanish footballer
- January 9 – Fang Bo, Chinese table tennis player
- January 10
- Christian Atsu, Ghanaian footballer[52]
- Šime Vrsaljko, Croatian footballer
- January 11 – Dani Carvajal, Spanish footballer[53]
- January 13 – Santiago Arias, Colombian footballer[54]
- January 14 – Robbie Brady, Irish footballer[55]
- January 19
- Shawn Johnson East, American Olympic gymnast[56]
- Logan Lerman, American actor
- Mac Miller, American rapper, singer-songwriter, and record producer (d. 2018)[57]
- January 26
- Vincent Aboubakar, Cameroonian footballer[58]
- Sasha Banks, American professional wrestler
- January 31 – Tyler Seguin, Canadian ice hockey player
February
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Neymar
- February 5
- February 9 – Avan Jogia, Canadian actor[62]
- February 10 – Karen Fukuhara, American actress and voice actress
- February 11 – Taylor Lautner, American actor and model
- February 14
- Christian Eriksen, Danish footballer
- Freddie Highmore, English actor
- February 16
- Hugo Bueno, Mexican footballer
- February 19 – Camille Kostek, American model[63][64]
- February 23
- February 25
- Zahia Dehar, French lingerie designer
- Hideki Matsuyama, Japanese golfer[67]
- February 29 – Saphir Taïder, Algerian footballer[68]
March
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John Boyega
Kyrie Irving
- March 1
- March 6 – Momoko Tsugunaga, Japanese singer[71]
- March 9 – María Eugenia Suárez, Argentine actress and model
- March 10
- Pablo Espinosa, Spanish actor, singer, and musician
- Emily Osment, American actress, singer, and songwriter
- March 13
- Lucy Fry, Australian actress
- George MacKay, English actor
- Kaya Scodelario, English actress and model
- March 17
- Eliza Bennett, English actress
- John Boyega, English actor
- March 21 – Karolína Plíšková, Czech tennis player
- March 23
- Kyrie Irving, American-Australian basketball player[72]
- Vanessa Morgan, Canadian actress and singer
- March 27 – Aoi Yūki, Japanese actress and singer
- March 30 – Enrique Gil, Filipino actor, dancer and singer
April
Chad le Clos
Amy Deasismont
Deng Linlin
- April 1 – Sui Lu, Chinese artistic gymnast[73]
- April 7 – Alexis Jordan, American singer and actress
- April 8
- Mathew Ryan, Australian footballer[74]
- Shelby Young, American actress
- April 10
- Sadio Mané, Senegalese footballer
- Daisy Ridley, English actress[75]
- April 12 – Chad le Clos, South African Olympic swimmer[76]
- April 13 – George North, Welsh rugby player
- April 15 – Amy Deasismont, Swedish pop musician
- April 16 – Prince Sébastien of Luxembourg
- April 18 – Chloe Bennet, American actress and singer[77]
- April 21
- Isco, Spanish footballer[78]
- Deng Linlin, Chinese gymnast
- April 22
- Adam Lanza, mass murderer and perpetrator of the 2012 Sandy Hook Elementary School Shooting (d. 2012)
- April 24 – Laura Kenny, British cyclist
May
Byun Baek-hyun
_(48521787956).jpg.webp)
Christina McHale
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Sam Smith
- May 1 – Hani, South Korean singer and entertainer[79]
- May 4
- May 6
- Byun Baek-hyun, South Korean singer, songwriter, and actor[82]
- Jonas Valančiūnas, Lithuanian basketball player
- May 8 – Olivia Culpo, American fashion influencer[83]
- May 10 – Jake Zyrus, Filipino singer[84]
- May 11
- Thibaut Courtois, Belgian footballer
- Pablo Sarabia, Spanish footballer
- May 18 – Spencer Breslin, American actor and musician
- Brian Idowu, Russian footballer[85]
- May 19 – Sam Smith, English singer and songwriter
- May 20
- Cate Campbell, Australian swimmer[86]
- Jack Gleeson, Irish actor
- May 21 – Olivia Olson, American actress and singer-songwriter
- May 28 – Gaku Shibasaki, Japanese footballer[87]
- May 30 – Harrison Barnes, American basketball player[88]
June
Philippe Coutinho
Max Schneider
Jennette McCurdy
- June 3 – Mario Götze, German footballer
- June 6 – Hyuna, South Korean singer
- June 9 – Yannick Agnel, French Olympic swimmer[89]
- June 10 – Kate Upton, American model and actress[90]
- June 12 – Philippe Coutinho, Brazilian footballer
- June 15
- June 19 – Oscar Taveras, Dominican–Canadian baseball player (d. 2014)
- June 21 – Max Schneider, American singer-songwriter and actor
- June 23
- June 24 – David Alaba, Austrian football player
- June 26 – Jennette McCurdy, American actress and singer
- June 27 – Ahn So-hee, South Korean actress and singer
- June 28 – Elaine Thompson-Herah, Jamaican track and field sprinter[95]
July
Nathalia Ramos
Wayde van Niekerk
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- July 1 – Ásgeir Trausti, Icelandic singer-songwriter and musician
- July 3
- Nathalia Ramos, Spanish actress
- Maasa Sudo, Japanese singer
- July 8
- July 9 – Douglas Booth, English actor
- July 10
- Ahn Ji-hyun, South Korean actress
- Eva Lim, Dutch figure skater
- July 11 – Mohamed Elneny, Egyptian footballer[99]
- July 12 – Woo Do-hwan, South Korean actor
- July 15 – Wayde van Niekerk, South African athlete[100]
- July 19 – Ellie Rowsell, English singer-songwriter and musician
- July 22 – Selena Gomez, American singer, songwriter, and actress
- July 23 – Diwakar Vaish, Indian roboticist
- July 30 - Fabiano Caruana, Italian-American chess player[101]
August
- August 2 – Hallie Eisenberg, American actress
- August 3 – Karlie Kloss, American model[102]
- August 4
- Cole Sprouse, American actor
- Dylan Sprouse, American actor and entrepreneur
- August 7 – Simon Yates, English road cyclist
- August 9 – Farahnaz Forotan, Afghan journalist[103]
- August 12 – Cara Delevingne, English model, actress, and singer
- August 13 – Lucas Moura, Brazilian footballer
- August 16 – Diego Schwartzman, Argentine tennis player[104]
- August 18 – Frances Bean Cobain, American visual artist[105]
- August 20 – Demi Lovato, American singer-songwriter and actor
- August 21 – Felipe Nasr, Brazilian racing driver[106]
- August 25
- August 26 – Yang Yilin, Chinese artistic gymnast
- August 28 – Bismack Biyombo, Congolese basketball player[109]
- August 31 – Nicolás Tagliafico, Argentine footballer
September
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Safura Alizadeh
- September 1 – Kirani James, Grenadian sprinter[110]
- September 11 – María Gabriela de Faría, Venezuelan actress and singer
- September 12 – Mahmood, Italian singer-songwriter[111]
- September 14
- Connor Fields, American BMX cyclist[112]
- Danielle Williams, Jamaican athlete
- September 16 – Nick Jonas, American singer-songwriter and actor
- September 18
- Joji, Japanese singer and record producer
- Amber Liu, Taiwanese-American singer
- September 19 – Diego Antonio Reyes, Mexican footballer
- September 20 – Safura Alizadeh, Azerbaijani singer, actress, and saxophonist
- September 21
- Alireza Beiranvand, Iranian footballer
- Mariya Muzychuk, Ukrainian chess player[113]
- September 22 – Philip Hindes, British cyclist[114]
- September 24 – Jack Sock, American tennis player[115]
- September 27 – Granit Xhaka, Swiss footballer
- September 28
- Keir Gilchrist, English-Canadian actor and musician
- Kōko Tsurumi, Japanese artistic gymnast[116]
- September 29 – Zhou Shen, Chinese singer
- September 30 – Ezra Miller, American actor
October
Cardi B
Josh Hutcherson
- October 2 – Alisson, Brazilian footballer
- October 10 – Gabrielle Aplin, English singer and songwriter
- October 11 – Cardi B, American hip hop artist
- October 12 – Josh Hutcherson, American actor and producer
- October 14 – Ahmed Musa, Nigerian footballer
- October 20 – Ksenia Semyonova, Russian Olympic gymnast
- October 22
- 21 Savage, American rapper
- Sofia Vassilieva, American actress
- October 23 – Álvaro Morata, Spanish footballer[117]
- October 27 – Stephan El Shaarawy, Italian footballer[118]
November
Nathan Kress
_(cropped).jpg.webp)
- November 5 – Marco Verratti, Italian footballer
- November 10 – Wilfried Zaha, English-born Ivorian footballer
- November 16 – Marcelo Brozović, Croatian footballer
- November 18 – Nathan Kress, American actor, director, and former child model
- November 21 – Mireia Lalaguna, Spanish actress and model
- November 23
- Miley Cyrus, American singer-songwriter and actress
- Gabriel Landeskog, Swedish hockey player
- November 27 – Park Chanyeol, South Korean rapper, singer-songwriter, actor, and model.
December
- December 3 – Jessy Mendiola, Filipina actress
- December 4 – Kim Seok-jin, South Korean singer
- December 12 – Chen Ruolin, Chinese diver[119]
- December 14 – Tori Kelly, American singer and songwriter
- December 15 – Jesse Lingard, English footballer[120]
- December 16 – Tom Rogic, Australian footballer[121]
- December 18
- December 24 – Serge Aurier, Ivorian professional footballer[124]
Deaths
| Deaths |
|---|
| January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December |
January
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- January 1 – Grace Hopper, American computer scientist (b. 1906)[125]
- January 2 – Virginia Field, British actress (b. 1917)
- January 3 – Dame Judith Anderson, Australian-born British actress (b. 1897)
- January 7 – Richard Hunt, American puppeteer (b. 1951)[126]
- January 13 – Mehdi Abbasov, Azerbaijani minister (b. 1960)
- January 18 – Alexander Almetov, Soviet Olympic ice hockey player (b. 1940)
- January 21 – Eddie Mabo, Australian Indigenous rights activist (b. 1936)
- January 23 – Freddie Bartholomew, English-American actor (b. 1924)
- January 26 – José Ferrer, Puerto Rican-American actor (b. 1912)
- January 27 – Sally Hayfron, First Lady of Zimbabwe (b. 1933)
- January 29 – Willie Dixon, American blues composer and musician (b. 1915)
February
Jânio Quadros
- February 4 – Lisa Fonssagrives, Swedish model (b. 1911)
- February 10 – Alex Haley, American author (b. 1921)
- February 11 – Ray Danton, American actor (b. 1931)
- February 12 – Bep van Klaveren, Dutch boxer (b. 1907)
- February 13 – Nikolay Bogolyubov, Russian mathematician and physicist (b. 1909)
- February 15 – William Schuman, American composer (b. 1910)
- February 16
- February 20
- February 22 – Sudirman Arshad, Malaysian singer and songwriter (b. 1954)
- February 23 – Markos Vafiadis, Greek Communist leader (b. 1906)
- February 27 – Algirdas Julien Greimas, French-Lithuanian literary scientist (b. 1917)
- February 29 – La Lupe, Cuban singer (b. 1936)
March
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John Ireland
- March 2 – Sandy Dennis, American actress (b. 1937)[128]
- March 4 – Néstor Almendros, Spanish cinematographer (b. 1930)
- March 9 – Menachem Begin, Israel politician, 6th Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1913)[129]
- March 11
- March 13 – Irmã Dulce Pontes, Brazilian religious sister and social activist (b. 1914)
- March 14 – Jean Poiret, French actor, screenwriter. and director (b. 1926)
- March 17 – Jack Arnold, American television and film director (b. 1912)
- March 19 – Cesare Danova, Italian-American actor (b. 1926)
- March 20
- March 21 – John Ireland, Canadian actor (b. 1914)
- March 23 – Friedrich Hayek, Austrian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
- March 25 – Nancy Walker, American actress and comedian (b. 1922)
- March 27 – Harald Sæverud, Norwegian composer (b. 1897)[131]
- March 28 – Nikolaos Platon, Greek archaeologist (b. 1909)
- March 29 – Paul Henreid, Austrian-born American actor (b. 1908)
- March 30 – Manolis Andronikos, Greek archaeologist (b. 1919)
April
- April 2 – Juan Gómez González, Juanito, Spanish footballer (b. 1954)
- April 4 – Samuel Reshevsky, Polish chess player, seven-time U.S. Chess Champion (b. 1911)
- April 5 – Sam Walton, American businessman, founder of Wal-Mart (b. 1918)[132]
- April 6 – Isaac Asimov, Russian-born author (b. 1920)[133]
- April 7 – Ace Bailey, Canadian hockey player (b. 1903)
- April 8 – Daniel Bovet, Swiss-born pharmacologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1907)
- April 10
- Peter D. Mitchell, British biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (b. 1920)
- April 13 – Feza Gürsey, Turkish mathematician and physicist (b. 1921)
- April 16 – Neville Brand, American actor (b. 1920)
- April 19 – Frankie Howerd, British comedian and actor (b. 1917)
- April 20 – Benny Hill, British comedian and actor (b. 1924)
- April 21 – Väinö Linna, Finnish author (b. 1920)[134]
- April 23
- Tanka Prasad Acharya, Nepalese politician, 19th Prime Minister of Nepal (b. 1912)
- Satyajit Ray, Indian filmmaker (b. 1921)
- April 25 – Yutaka Ozaki, Japanese songwriter (b. 1965)[135]
- April 27 – Olivier Messiaen, French composer (b. 1908)
- April 28 – Francis Bacon, Irish-born British painter (b. 1909)
- April 29 – Mae Clarke, American actress (b. 1910)
May
- May 3 – George Murphy, American actor and politician (b. 1902)
- May 6 – Marlene Dietrich, German actress (b. 1901)
- May 8 – Otto Šimánek, Czech actor (b. 1925)
- May 10 – John Lund, American actor (b. 1911)
- May 12 – Robert Reed, American actor (b. 1932)
- May 14
- May 17 – Lawrence Welk, American musician (b. 1903)
- May 23
- Giovanni Falcone, Italian judge (b. 1939)
- Atahualpa Yupanqui, Argentine singer, songwriter, and guitarist (b. 1908)
- May 25
- May 30 – Karl Carstens, German politician and statesman, 7th President of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) (b. 1914)[136]
June
- June 2 – Philip Dunne, American screenwriter and director (b. 1908)
- June 3
- June 18
- June 19 – Kathleen McKane Godfree, British tennis player (b. 1896)
- June 21
- Joan Fuster, Spanish writer (b. 1922)
- Li Xiannian, 3rd President of the People's Republic of China and one of the Eight Elders of the Chinese Communist Party (b. 1909)
- June 25 – Sir James Stirling, British architect (b. 1926)
- June 26 – Buddy Rogers, American wrestler (b. 1921)
- June 27 – Allan Jones, American actor (b. 1907)
- June 28
- Qian Sanqiang, Chinese nuclear physicist (b. 1913)[137]
- Mikhail Tal, eighth World Chess Champion (b. 1936)
- June 29 – Mohamed Boudiaf, Algerian politician, President of Algeria (b. 1919; assassinated)[138]
July
Suleiman Frangieh
Brenda Marshall
- July 2 – Camarón de la Isla, Spanish flamenco singer (b. 1950)[139]
- July 4
- Francis Perrin, French nuclear physicist (b. 1901)
- Ástor Piazzolla, Argentine tango composer (b. 1921)
- July 7 – Josy Barthel, Luxembourgish Olympic athlete (b. 1927)[140]
- July 9 – Eric Sevareid, American journalist (b. 1912)
- July 10 – Albert Pierrepoint, British executioner (b. 1905)
- July 11 – Deng Yingchao, Chinese Communist politician, widow of Zhou Enlai (b. 1904)
- July 15 – Hammer DeRoburt, 1st President of Nauru (b. 1922)
- July 18 – Mordecai Ardon, Israeli painter (b. 1896)
- July 19
- July 22
- July 23 – Rosemary Sutcliff, British author (b. 1920)
- July 24
- July 25 – Alfred Drake, American actor (b. 1914)
- July 26 – Mary Wells, American singer (b. 1943)
- July 30
- Brenda Marshall, American actress (b. 1915)
- Joe Shuster, Canadian-American comic book artist (b. 1914)[142]
- July 31 – Leonard Cheshire, British war hero, activist, and philanthropist (b. 1917)
August
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- August 2 – Michel Berger, French singer-songwriter (b. 1947)
- August 3
- August 4
- August 5
- Robert Muldoon, 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1921)
- Jeff Porcaro, American musician (b. 1954)
- August 7 – Francisco Fernández Ordóñez, Spanish politician, former Foreign minister (b. 1930)
- August 8 – Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei, Iranian-Iraqi Shia ayatollah and scholar (b. 1899)
- August 12 – John Cage, American composer (b. 1912)
- August 18
- August 29 – Félix Guattari, French psychotherapist, philosopher and semiologist (b. 1930)[145]
September
Piotr Jaroszewicz
- September 1 – Piotr Jaroszewicz, Polish politician, Prime Minister of Poland (b. 1909)
- September 2 – Barbara McClintock, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1902)
- September 5 – Fritz Leiber, American author (b. 1910)
- September 6 – Mervyn Johns, Welsh actor (b. 1899)
- September 12 – Anthony Perkins, American actor and singer (b. 1932)
- September 18 – Princess Margaret of Denmark (b. 1895)
- September 21 – Bill Williams, American actor (b. 1915)
- September 25 – César Manrique, Spanish artist (b. 1919)
- September 27 – Zhang Leping, Chinese comic artist (b. 1910)[146]
October
Shirley Booth
- October 4 – Denny Hulme, New Zealand racing driver (b. 1936)
- October 5 – Eddie Kendricks, American singer (b. 1939)
- October 6 – Denholm Elliott, English actor (b. 1922)
- October 7
- October 8 – Willy Brandt, 29th Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1913)
- October 14 – Willie Waddell, Scottish footballer (b. 1921)
- October 15 – Oliver Franks, Baron Franks, British civil servant, diplomat, and philosopher (b. 1905)
- October 16 – Shirley Booth, American actress (b. 1898)
- October 19
- October 21 – Jim Garrison, American attorney (b. 1921)
- October 22 – Cleavon Little, American actor (b. 1939)
- October 25
- Adelino da Palma Carlos, Portuguese politician, 102nd Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1905)
- Roger Miller, American singer-songwriter, musician, and actor (b. 1936)
- October 27 – David Bohm, American-born physicist, philosopher, and neuropsychologist (b. 1917)
- October 29 – Sir Kenneth MacMillan, British choreographer (b. 1929)
November
Kaysone Phomvihane
- November 2 – Hal Roach, American director and producer (b. 1892)
- November 4 – José Luis Sáenz de Heredia, Spanish film director (b. 1911)
- November 5 – Jan Oort, Dutch astronomer (b. 1900)[147]
- November 7
- November 10 – Chuck Connors, American actor, professional baseball and basketball player (b. 1921)
- November 11 – Earle Meadows, American Olympic athlete (b. 1913)[150]
- November 14 – Ernst Happel, Austrian footballer and manager (b. 1925)[151]
- November 19 – Diane Varsi, American actress (b. 1938)
- November 21 – Kaysone Phomvihane, Laotian statesman and Communist Party leader, 11th Prime Minister of Laos and 2nd President of Laos (b. 1920)[152]
- November 22 – Sterling Holloway, American actor (b. 1905)
- November 23
- November 25 – Joseph Arthur Ankrah, 2nd President of Ghana (b. 1903)
- November 29
- November 30 – Peter Blume, American painter and sculptor (b. 1906)
December
Nureddin al-Atassi
Dana Andrews
_by_Erling_Mandelmann.jpg.webp)
Peyo
- December 3
- December 6 – Percy Herbert, English actor (b. 1920)
- December 9 – Vincent Gardenia, Italian-American actor (b. 1920)
- December 12
- December 17
- December 21
- December 22 – Frederick William Franz, 4th President of Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania (b. 1893)
- December 23 – Eddie Hazel, American guitarist (b. 1950)
- December 24 – Peyo, Belgian comics artist (b. 1928)
- December 26 – Nikita Magaloff, Georgian-Russian pianist (b. 1912)
- December 27 – Stephen Albert, American composer (b. 1941)[154]
- December 30 – Lusine Zakaryan, Armenian soprano (b. 1937)[155]
Nobel Prizes
- Physics – Georges Charpak
- Chemistry – Rudolph A. Marcus
- Medicine – Edmond H. Fischer, Edwin G. Krebs
- Literature – Derek Walcott
- Peace – Rigoberta Menchú
- Economics – Gary Becker
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Sources
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