1991

1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1991st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 991st year of the 2nd millennium, the 91st year of the 20th century, and the 2nd year of the 1990s decade.

From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, who was elected as Russia's first president, waves the Flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Philippines, making it the second-largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century; MTS Oceanos sinks off the coast of South Africa, and while everyone survives, the crew notoriously abandons the vessel before the passengers are rescued; The Flag of the Soviet Union is lowered from atop the Kremlin for the last time as a result of the Dissolution of the Soviet Union, and is replaced with the flag of the newly-created Russian Federation; The United States and soon-to-be dissolved Soviet Union sign the START I Treaty; A tropical cyclone strikes Bangladesh, killing nearly 140,000 people; Lauda Air Flight 004 crashes after one of its thrust reversers activates during the flight; A United States-led coalition initiates Operation Desert Storm to remove Iraq and Saddam Hussein from Kuwait during the gulf War.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1991 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1991
MCMXCI
Ab urbe condita2744
Armenian calendar1440
ԹՎ ՌՆԽ
Assyrian calendar6741
Baháʼí calendar147–148
Balinese saka calendar1912–1913
Bengali calendar1398
Berber calendar2941
British Regnal year39 Eliz. 2  40 Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar2535
Burmese calendar1353
Byzantine calendar7499–7500
Chinese calendar庚午年 (Metal Horse)
4687 or 4627
     to 
辛未年 (Metal Goat)
4688 or 4628
Coptic calendar1707–1708
Discordian calendar3157
Ethiopian calendar1983–1984
Hebrew calendar5751–5752
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat2047–2048
 - Shaka Samvat1912–1913
 - Kali Yuga5091–5092
Holocene calendar11991
Igbo calendar991–992
Iranian calendar1369–1370
Islamic calendar1411–1412
Japanese calendarHeisei 3
(平成3年)
Javanese calendar1923–1924
Juche calendar80
Julian calendarGregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar4324
Minguo calendarROC 80
民國80年
Nanakshahi calendar523
Thai solar calendar2534
Tibetan calendar阳金马年
(male Iron-Horse)
2117 or 1736 or 964
     to 
阴金羊年
(female Iron-Goat)
2118 or 1737 or 965
Unix time662688000 – 694223999

It was the final year of the Cold War that had begun in 1947. During the year, the Soviet Union collapsed, leaving fifteen sovereign republics and the CIS in its place. In July 1991, India abandoned its policies of socialism and autarky and began extensive neoliberal changes to its economy. This increased GDP, but also increased economic inequality over the next two decades.[1] A UN-authorized coalition force from 34 nations fought against Iraq, which had invaded and annexed Kuwait in the previous year, 1990. The conflict would be called the Gulf War and would mark the beginning of a since-constant American military presence in the Middle East. The clash between Serbia and the other Yugoslav republics would lead into the beginning of the Yugoslav Wars, which ran through the rest of the decade.

In the context of the apartheid, the year after the liberation of political prisoner Nelson Mandela, the Parliament of South Africa repeals the Population Registration Act, 1950 overturning the racial classification of the population, a key component of apartheid.[2]

The year 1991 saw the rise of a 10 years long boost of the US domestic economy with the Dow Jones Industrial Average remarkably closing in April at above 3,000 for the first time.[3] This situation would only be cut short by the Dot-com bubble of 2000–2002.

In August, the World Wide Web, originally conceived during the previous year, was released outside CERN to other research institutions starting in January 1991 and publicly announced in August, also establishing the first website ever, "info.cern.ch". This step was a key factor that lead to the mid-1990s public breakthrough of the internet, which would eventually accelerate the already ongoing globalization around the globe.

In terms of popular culture, during this year alternative rock saw a new height of popularity when some of the earliest music exponents of the virtually unknown grunge sound were released, including the influential Nevermind album by Seattle-based band Nirvana in September 1991.[4] It was also in 1991 that hip-hop music reached an unprecedented mainstream level of success.[5] Electronic music derivative forms were also starting to gain momentum and would define, alone with the previous scenes, the sound for most of the decade.

Events

January

February

  • February 1
    • USAir Flight 1493 collides with a SkyWest Airlines Fairchild Metroliner at Los Angeles International Airport, killing 34 people.[33]
    • A 6.4 mb Hindu Kush earthquake causes severe damage in northeast Afghanistan, leaving 848 dead and 200 injured.[34][35]
  • February 7
    • 1991 Haitian coup d'état: Haiti's first democratically elected president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, is sworn in.[36] He is ousted on September 30 and later reinstated in 1994. In response to the coup and in an effort to encourage the coup leaders to restore democracy, the U.S. expands trade sanctions on Haiti to include all goods except food and medicine on October 29.
    • The Provisional Irish Republican Army launches a mortar attack on 10 Downing Street during a cabinet meeting.[37][38]
    • Gulf War: Ground troops cross the Saudi Arabian border and enter Kuwait, thus starting the ground phase of the war.[39]
  • February 11 – The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) is formed in The Hague, Netherlands.[40]
  • February 13 – Gulf War: Two laser-guided "smart bombs" destroy an underground bunker in Baghdad, killing hundreds of Iraqis. US military intelligence claims it was a military facility while Iraqi officials identify it as a bomb shelter.[41]
  • February 15 – The Visegrád Group, establishing cooperation to move toward free-market systems, is signed by the leaders of Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Poland.[42]
  • February 16 – Singing Revolution: The Council of Lithuania declares the independence of Lithuania, ending decades of Soviet rule over the country.[43]
  • February 18 – The Provisional Irish Republican Army explodes bombs in the early morning, at both Paddington station and Victoria station, in London.[44]
  • February 20 – President of Albania Ramiz Alia dismisses the government of Prime Minister Adil Çarçani and appoints Fatos Nano as the next prime minister in an effort to stem pro-democracy protests.[45][46][47]
  • February 22 – Gulf War: Iraq accepts a Soviet-proposed cease fire agreement. The U.S. rejects the agreement, instead saying that retreating Iraqi forces will not be attacked if they leave Kuwait within 24 hours.
  • February 23 – In Thailand, General Sunthorn Kongsompong deposes Prime Minister Chatichai Choonhavan in a bloodless coup d'état.[48][49]
  • February 25 – Gulf War: Part of an Iraqi Scud missile hits an American military barracks in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, killing 29 U.S. soldiers and injuring 99 more. It is the single-most devastating attack on U.S. forces during the war.[50][51]
  • February 26 – Gulf War: On Baghdad radio, Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein announces the withdrawal of Iraqi troops from Kuwait. Iraqi soldiers set fire to Kuwaiti oil fields as they retreat; the fire lasts until November 7.[52][53]
  • February 27
    • Gulf War: U.S. President Bush declares victory over Iraq and orders a cease-fire. U.S. troops begin to leave the Persian Gulf on March 10.[51]
    • In the Bangladeshi general election, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party wins 139 of 300 seats in the Jatiyo Sangshad, leading BNP leader Khaleda Zia to become the president on March 19.[54][55]

March

April

May

June

  • June 3 – Mount Unzen in Japan erupts, killing 46 people as a result of pyroclastic flow.[138]
  • June 4
    • Fatos Nano resigns as Prime Minister of Albania following a nationwide strike. President of Albania Ramiz Alia appoints Ylli Bufi as his successor.[139][140]
    • A large solar flare triggers an anomalously large aurora as far south as Pennsylvania.[141][142]
  • June 5
    • President of Algeria Chadli Bendjedid dismisses Prime Minister Mouloud Hamrouche following 11 days of protests against the government and replaces him with Sid Ahmed Ghozali.[143][144]
    • End of Apartheid: South Africa repeals the last legal foundations of apartheid.
  • June 7 – Approximately 200,000 people attend a parade of 8,800 returning Persian Gulf War troops in Washington, D.C.[145][146]
  • June 9 – A major collapse at the Emaswati Colliery in Swaziland traps 26 miners 65 meters below the surface; they are rescued 30 hours later.[147]
  • June 12
  • June 15
  • June 16 – Father's Day Bank Massacre: Four security guards are shot to death during a bank robbery at the United Bank Tower in Denver, Colorado, United States. The person subsequently charged with the crime was acquitted, and the case remains unsolved.[156]
  • June 17
    • End of Apartheid: The South African Parliament repeals the Population Registration Act, which had required racial classification of all South Africans at birth.[157][158]
    • President of Turkey Turgut Özal appoints Mesut Yılmaz as Prime Minister following Yıldırım Akbulut's resignation. Yılmaz forms a new government on June 23, which lasts until November when it is replaced by the government of Süleyman Demirel.[159][160][161]
  • June 20 – In West Germany, the Bundestag votes to move the capital from Bonn to Berlin.[162][163]
  • June 2328 – Iraq disarmament crisis: UN inspection teams attempt to intercept Iraqi vehicles carrying nuclear related equipment. Iraqi soldiers fire warning shots in the air to prevent inspectors from approaching the vehicles.
  • June 25 – Dissolution of Yugoslavia: Croatia and Slovenia declare their independence from Yugoslavia.[164]
  • June 28 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: Comecon is dissolved in Moscow, Russia.[165]

July

August

The Warsaw radio mast after its collapse on August 8.
August 19: The coup attempt in Moscow.
Restored flag of Russia.

September

Map of the three Baltic states, in their flag colours.

October

November

December

December 8: The signing of the agreement effectively ending the Soviet regime's existence and the founding of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Births

Births
January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December

January

February

Ed Sheeran
Bonnie Wright
Malese Jow
  • February 4 – Mathew Leckie, Australian footballer
  • February 6
    • Maxi Iglesias, Spanish actor and model
    • Aleksandar Katai, Serbian footballer[330]
  • February 8
    • Genzebe Dibaba, Ethiopian middle- and long-distance runner
    • Wahbi Khazri, Tunisian footballer
  • February 10Emma Roberts, American actress and singer[331]
  • February 14
    • Raquel Calderón Argandoña, Chilean actress, singer, and lawyer
    • Karol G, Colombian reggaeton singer and songwriter
    • Anna Kiesenhofer, Austrian Olympic cyclist and mathematician
  • February 17
    • Ed Sheeran, English singer, songwriter, guitarist, record producer, and actor[332]
    • Bonnie Wright, English actress, film director, screenwriter, model, and producer[333]
  • February 18
    • Malese Jow, American actress and singer
    • Henry Surtees, British racing driver (d. 2009)
  • February 20 – Hidilyn Diaz, Filipina Olympic weightlifter and airwoman[334]
  • February 21
    • Riyad Mahrez, French-Algerian footballer
    • Solar, South Korean singer and actress
    • Joe Alwyn, English actor[335]
  • February 22 – Robin Stjernberg, Swedish pop singer
  • February 26 – CL, South Korean singer and dancer
  • February 28 – Sarah Bolger, Irish actress

March

Tyler, the Creator
Devon Werkheiser
Luan Santana
Antoine Griezmann
  • March 3 – Park Cho-rong, South Korean singer and actress
  • March 4 – Aoi Nakamura, Japanese actor
  • March 5
    • Ramiro Funes Mori, Argentine footballer
    • Ruizinho, Portuguese footballer
  • March 6 – Tyler, The Creator, American rapper
  • March 8 – Devon Werkheiser, American actor, singer, and musician
  • March 11
    • Linlin, Chinese singer
    • Poonam Pandey, Indian Bollywood actress[336]
  • March 13 – Luan Santana, Brazilian singer
  • March 16 – Wolfgang Van Halen, American musician
  • March 21 – Antoine Griezmann, French footballer[337]
  • March 23 – Madelyn Deutch, American actress, director, musician and writer[338]
  • Erik Haula, American Ice Hockey Player
  • March 28 – Derek Carr, American football player[339]
  • March 29
    • Irene, South Korean singer, rapper, television host, and model[340] She grew up in Buk-gu.[341]
    • N'Golo Kanté, French footballer[342]
    • Hayley McFarland, American actress[343]

April

AJ Michalka
  • April 3 – Hayley Kiyoko, American singer and actress
  • April 4Jamie Lynn Spears, American singer and actress
  • April 5 – Yassine Bounou, Moroccan football player[344]
  • April 7 – Anne-Marie, English singer[345]
  • April 9 – Gai Assulin, Israeli footballer[346]
  • April 10 – AJ Michalka, American actress, voice actress, singer and musician
  • April 11
    • Thiago Alcântara, Spanish footballer
    • James Magnussen, Australian swimmer[347]
  • April 15
    • Javier Fernandez, Spanish figure skater
    • Anastasia Vinnikova, Belarusian singer
  • April 19 – Kelly Olynyk, American basketball player
  • April 20 – Luke Kuechly, American football player
  • April 25 – Alex Shibutani, American ice dancer

May

  • May 2
    • Jeong Jinwoon, South Korean idol singer and actor
    • Ilya Zakharov, Russian diver
  • May 3 – Carlo Acutis, English-born Italian Catholic computer programmer, beatified (d. 2006)
  • May 5 – Raúl Jiménez, Mexican footballer
  • May 8 – Laura Chimaras, Venezuelan actress
  • May 9 – Majlinda Kelmendi, Kosovan judoka[348]
  • May 22
    • Sophia Abrahão, Brazilian actress
    • Suho, South Korean singer, actor, and model
  • May 23Lena Meyer-Landrut, German singer
  • May 24 – Erika Umeda, Japanese singer[349]
  • May 25 – Derrick Williams, American basketball player
  • May 27 – Beauden Barrett, New Zealand rugby union player
  • May 28 – Alexandre Lacazette, French footballer
  • May 29 – Tan Zhongyi, Chinese chess player[350]
  • May 31 – Azealia Banks, American singer[351]

June

Natasha Dupeyrón
Emily Ratajkowski
Willa Holland
Christa Théret
  • June 1 – Zazie Beetz, German-American actress[352]
  • June 3 – Natasha Dupeyrón, Mexican actress and singer
  • June 4 – Ben Stokes, English international cricketer[353]
  • June 7
    • Emily Ratajkowski, American model and actress[354]
    • Olivia Rogowska, Australian tennis player[355]
  • June 10 – Pol Espargaró, Spanish motorcycle racer
  • June 14
    • André Carrillo, Peruvian footballer
    • Kostas Manolas, Greek footballer
    • Jesy Nelson, English singer[356]
  • June 16
    • Siya Kolisi, South African rugby union player
    • Joe McElderry, British singer and model
    • Tameka Yallop, Australian footballer[357]
  • June 17 – Staz Nair, British actor and singer
  • June 18 – Willa Holland, American model and actress[358]
  • June 19 – Neta Rivkin, Israeli rhythmic gymnast
  • June 20 – Kalidou Koulibaly, French-Senegalese footballer
  • June 21 – J. C. Greyling, Namibian rugby union player
  • June 23
    • Katie Armiger, American singer
    • Fakhreddine Ben Youssef, Tunisian footballer
  • June 24 – Max Ehrich, American actor, singer, and dancer
  • June 25
    • Christa Théret, French actress
    • Victor Wanyama, Kenyan footballer
  • June 28
    • Kevin De Bruyne, Belgian footballer
    • Kang Min-hyuk, South Korean drummer, actor, and singer
    • Seohyun, South Korean singer and actress
  • June 29
    • Kawhi Leonard, American basketball player
    • Suk Hyun-jun, South Korean footballer

July

James Rodríguez
Seppe Smits
Alexandra Shipp
Sara Sampaio
  • July 2
    • Kim Go-eun, South Korean actress
    • Burna Boy, Nigerian singer, rapper and songwriter[359]
  • July 3 – Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova, Russian tennis player[360]
  • July 5 – Jason Dolley, American actor and musician
  • July 7 – Alesso, Swedish DJ and music producer
  • July 8 – Virgil van Dijk, Dutch footballer[361]
  • July 9Mitchel Musso, American actor, musician and singer
  • July 10 – Atsuko Maeda, Japanese singer and actress
  • July 12 – James Rodríguez, Colombian footballer
  • July 13 – Seppe Smits, Belgian snowboarder[362]
  • July 15
    • Derrick Favors, American basketball player
    • Evgeny Tishchenko, Russian heavyweight boxer
  • July 16 – Alexandra Shipp, American actress
  • July 21 – Sara Sampaio, Portuguese model
  • July 22 – Tomi Juric, Australian footballer
  • July 23
    • Lauren Mitchell, Australian artistic gymnast
    • Kianoush Rostami, Iranian weightlifter
  • July 24 – Emily Bett Rickards, Canadian actress[363]
  • July 25
    • Amanda Kurtović, Norwegian handball player
    • Hasan Piker, Turkish-American political commentator
  • July 30 – Daria Kondakova, Russian rhythmic gymnast[364]
  • July 31 – Filipa Azevedo, Portuguese singer

August

Lakeith Stanfield
Young Thug
Dylan O'Brien
  • August 3 – Ismail Juma, Tanzanian long-distance runner (d. 2017)
  • August 5 – Brooke Marie Bridges, American actress
  • August 6
    • Irina Kulikova, Russian fashion model
    • Jiao Liuyang, Chinese swimmer
  • August 7 – Mike Trout, American baseball player[365]
  • August 8 – Joël Matip, German footballer[366]
  • August 9
    • Alexa Bliss, American professional wrestler
    • Hansika Motwani, Indian actress
  • August 10 – Pratyusha Banerjee, Indian television actress (d. 2016)
  • August 11 – Estelle Nze Minko, French handball player
  • August 12 – Lakeith Stanfield, American actor and rapper
  • August 16
    • Evanna Lynch, Irish actress
    • Young Thug, American hip hop artist
  • August 18 – Brianna Rollins-McNeal, American track and field athlete
  • August 20 – Cory Joseph, Canadian basketball player
  • August 23 – Jennifer Abel, Canadian diver
  • August 26 – Dylan O'Brien, American actor

September

Mena Massoud
  • September 4
    • Adrien Bart, French sprint canoeist
    • Carter Jenkins, American actor
  • September 9
    • Kelsey Chow, American actress
    • Oscar dos Santos Emboaba Júnior, Brazilian footballer
    • Lauren Daigle, American singer and songwriter[367]
    • Hunter Hayes, American singer, songwriter, record producer and multi-instrumentalist[368]
  • September 11
    • Jordan Ayew, Ghanaian footballer
    • Kygo, Norwegian DJ and record producer
  • September 12 – Thomas Meunier, Belgian footballer
  • September 13 – Ksenia Afanasyeva, Russian artistic gymnast
  • September 14 – Nana, South Korean singer, actress, and model
  • September 15 – Alex Florea, Romanian singer
  • September 16 – Marlon Teixeira, Brazilian model
  • September 17
    • Minako Kotobuki, Japanese actress and singer
    • Mena Massoud, Canadian actor
    • Sanne Wevers, Dutch gymnast[369]
  • September 22 – Khairul Anuar Mohamad, Malaysian archer
  • September 23 – Key, Korean singer
  • September 25
    • Emmy Clarke, American actress
    • Alexander Rossi, American race car driver
  • September 27
    • Simona Halep, Romanian tennis player[370]
    • Islam Makhachev, Russian professional mixed martial artist[371]

October

Princess Mako of Akishino
  • October 1 – Gus Kenworthy, British-American Olympic freestyle skier, actor, and YouTuber[372]
  • October 2 – Roberto Firmino, Brazilian footballer
  • October 4 – Leigh-Anne Pinnock, English singer and songwriter[373]
  • October 6 – Roshon Fegan, American actor, rapper, and dancer
  • October 7
    • Nicole Jung, Korean-American singer[374] in Glendale, California[375]
    • Lay Zhang, Chinese singer, actor, dancer, and producer
  • October 10
    • Gabriella Cilmi, Australian singer[376]
    • Lali Espósito, Argentine actress, singer, dancer, and model
    • Mariana Pajón, Colombian cyclist
    • Xherdan Shaqiri, Swiss footballer[377]
  • October 11 – Toby Fox, American video game developer and video game composer[378]
  • October 16
    • Phan Thi Ha Thanh, Vietnamese artistic gymnast
    • Jedward (John and Edward Grimes), Irish twin pop singers
  • October 17 – Brenda Asnicar, Argentine actress and singer
  • October 18 – Tyler Posey, American actor and musician
  • October 21 – Artur Aleksanyan, Armenian Greco-Roman wrestler
  • October 23
    • Emil Forsberg, Swedish footballer
    • Princess Mako of Akishino, Japanese princess[379]
  • October 26 – Amala Paul, Indian film actress
  • October 30
    • Artemi Panarin, Russian ice hockey player
    • Tomáš Satoranský, Czech basketball player

November

Jiang Yuyuan
Shailene Woodley

December

Jillian Rose Reed
Louis Tomlinson
  • December 1 – Sun Yang, Chinese swimmer
  • December 2
    • Chloe Dufour-Lapointe, Canadian freestyle skier[388]
    • Brandon Knight, American basketball player[389]
    • Charlie Puth, American singer
  • December 4 – Hayley Arceneaux, American physician assistant and astronaut[390]
  • December 6
    • Milica Mandić, Serbian taekwondo athlete
    • CoCo Vandeweghe, American tennis player
  • December 9
    • Choi Min-ho, South Korean rapper and TV host[391]
    • Prince Joachim of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este, Belgian prince
  • December 10 – Kiki Bertens, Dutch tennis player[392]
  • December 11 – Anna Bergendahl, Swedish singer
  • December 15 – Eunice Cho, Korean-American actress
  • December 19
    • Jorge Blanco, Mexican musician, singer, dancer, and actor
    • Sumire Uesaka, Japanese voice actress and singer
  • December 20
    • Jorginho, Brazilian-Italian footballer
    • Jillian Rose Reed, American actress
  • December 22 – DaBaby, American rapper
  • December 24 – Louis Tomlinson, British singer
  • December 26
    • Andritany Ardhiyasa, Indonesian footballer
    • Eden Sher, American actress[393]
  • December 27 – Chloe Bridges, American actress
  • December 28 – Belime, Lebanese-born singer
  • December 30 – Camila Giorgi, Italian tennis player[394]

Deaths

Deaths
January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December

January

Steve Clark

February

Salvador Luria

March

John Kerr

April

May

Jiang Qing

June

July

Lee Remick
  • July 1Michael Landon, American actor, writer, director, and producer (b. 1936)
  • July 2 – Lee Remick, American actress (b. 1935)[417]
  • July 5 – Mildred Dunnock, American actress (b. 1901)
  • July 6
    • Mudashiru Lawal, Nigerian footballer (b. 1954)
    • Anton Yugov, Bulgarian Communist politician, 35th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1904)
  • July 8 – James Franciscus, American actor (b. 1934)
  • July 11 – Mokhtar Dahari, Malaysian footballer (b. 1953)
  • July 12 – Hitoshi Igarashi, Japanese interpreter (b. 1947)
  • July 15 – Roger Revelle, American scientist and scholar (b. 1909)
  • July 16 – Robert Motherwell, American painter (b. 1915)
  • July 18 – Ambrus Nagy, Hungarian fencer and Olympic silver medalist (1956) (b. 1927)
  • July 24Isaac Bashevis Singer, Polish-born Yiddish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)[418]
  • July 25 – Lazar Kaganovich, Soviet politician, former member of the CPSU Politburo and Deputy Prime Minister (b. 1893)
  • July 27 – Pierre Brunet, French figure skater (b. 1902)
  • July 29 – Christian de Castries, French general (b. 1902)

August

Ali Sabri
James Irwin
  • August 3 – Ali Sabri, Egyptian politician, 32nd Prime Minister of Egypt (b. 1920)
  • August 4 – Yevgeny Dragunov, Russian weapons designer (b. 1920)
  • August 5
  • August 6
    • Shapour Bakhtiar, Iranian politician, 45th Prime Minister of Iran (b. 1915)
    • Harry Reasoner, American journalist and newscaster (b. 1923)
  • August 8
    • James Irwin, American astronaut (b. 1930)
    • Ivan Kozhedub, Soviet aviator (b. 1920)
  • August 13 – James Roosevelt, American businessman, Marine, activist, and politician (b. 1907)
  • August 16 – Luigi Zampa, Italian film-maker (b. 1905)
  • August 22
    • Colleen Dewhurst, Canadian-born American actress (b. 1924)
    • Boris Pugo, Latvian communist politician, Soviet minister of the Interior (b. 1937)
  • August 23 – Florence B. Seibert, American biochemist (b. 1897)
  • August 24 – Sergey Akhromeyev, Marshall of the Soviet Union, Chief of the General Staff of the Soviet Armed Forces (b. 1923)
  • August 30
    • Cyril Knowles, English footballer and manager (b. 1944)
    • Jean Tinguely, Swiss painter and sculptor (b. 1925)

September

Dr. Seuss

October

  • October 2 – Patriarch Demetrios I of Constantinople (b. 1914)
  • October 6 – Igor Talkov, Russian singer, poet, and composer (b. 1956)
  • October 7 – Natalia Ginzburg, Italian author (b. 1916)
  • October 9 – Roy Black, German schlager actor and singer (b. 1943)
  • October 11 – Redd Foxx, American comedian and actor (b. 1922)
  • October 12
    • Aline MacMahon, American actress (b. 1899)
    • Arkady Strugatsky, Soviet-Russian sci-fi author (b. 1925)
    • Regis Toomey, American actor (b. 1898)
  • October 13 – Daniel Oduber Quirós, Costa Rican politician, 37th President of Costa Rica (b. 1921)
  • October 16 – Ole Beich, Danish musician (b. 1955)
  • October 17 – Tennessee Ernie Ford, American singer (b. 1919)
  • October 24Gene Roddenberry, American television producer (b. 1921)
  • October 25 – Bill Graham, American promoter (b. 1931)
  • October 27
    • Howard Kingsbury, American Olympic rower – Men's eights (b. 1904)
    • Andrzej Panufnik, Polish musician and composer (b. 1914)
  • October 29 – Mario Scelba, Italian politician, 33rd Prime Minister of Italy and President of the European Parliament (b. 1901)

November

December

Franco Maria Malfatti

Nobel Prizes

References

  1. "India's economy: One more push". The Economist. July 21, 2011.
  2. Kraft, Scott (June 18, 1991). "S. Africa Repeals Apartheid Basis". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  3. Paltrow, Scot J. (April 18, 1991). "Dow's Close Tops 3,000 Barrier for First Time : Stocks: The index had passed the mark on other days, but retreated before the end of tradings". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
  4. Cameron, Keith (June 11, 2011). "Nirvana kill hair metal". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 21, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
  5. Thompson, Derek (May 8, 2015). "1991: The Most Important Year in Pop-Music History". The Atlantic.
  6. Greenhouse, Steven (January 1, 1991). "Czechs Begin Shift to a Free Market". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 18, 2020.
  7. Cvetkovski, Nikola. "The Georgian – South Ossetian Conflict". Danish Association for Research on the Caucasus. Archived from the original on April 30, 2009. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
  8. "The Lantern 8 January 1991 — Ohio State University Newspaper Archives". osupublicationarchives.osu.edu. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  9. Friedman, Thomas L. (January 9, 1991). "CONFRONTATION IN THE GULF; Iraqi, in Geneva, Says Pressure Won't Work". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  10. Drozdiak, William; Hoffman, David (January 9, 1991). "Baker and Aziz Arrive in Geneva". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  11. "South African major mass killings timeline 1900-2012 | South African History Online". www.sahistory.org.za. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
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