Oxycodone/paracetamol

Oxycodone/paracetamol, sold under the brand name Percocet among others, is a fixed-dose combination of the opioid oxycodone with paracetamol (acetaminophen), used to treat moderate to severe pain.[1]

Oxycodone/paracetamol
Combination of
OxycodoneOpioid analgesic
ParacetamolAnilide analgesic
Clinical data
Trade namesPercocet, others
AHFS/Drugs.comProfessional Drug Facts
License data
Routes of
administration		By mouth
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • US: Schedule II [1]
Identifiers
CAS Number
ChemSpider
KEGG
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
 NY (what is this?)  (verify)

In 2020, it was the 69th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 10 million prescriptions.[2][3]

History

The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) first approved Percocet in 1976, under application ANDA 085106.[4]

Society and culture

Implicated in deaths

In June 2009, an FDA advisory panel recommended that Percocet, Vicodin, and every other combination of acetaminophen with narcotic analgesics[5] be limited in their sales because of their contributions to an alleged 400 acetaminophen-related deaths in the U.S. each year, that were attributed to acetaminophen overdose and associated liver damage.[6]

In December 2009, the Canadian Medical Association Journal reported a study finding a fivefold increase in oxycodone-related deaths in Ontario (mostly accidental) between 1991 and 2007 that led to a doubling of all opioid-related deaths in Ontario over the same period.[7][8][9]

In March 2017, U.S. President Donald Trump initiated the Opioid and Drug Abuse Commission.[10] In July 2017, a draft report was published. Some excerpts:[11]

As we have all seen, opioids are a prime contributor to our addiction and overdose crisis. In 2015, nearly two-thirds of drug overdoses were linked to opioids like Percocet, OxyContin, heroin, and fentanyl. [...] Americans consume more opioids than any other country in the world. In fact, in 2015, the amount of opioids prescribed in the U.S. was enough for every American to be medicated around the clock for three weeks.

Since 1999, the number of opioid overdoses in America have quadrupled according to the CDC. Not coincidentally, in that same period, the amount of prescription opioids in America have quadrupled as well. This massive increase in prescribing has occurred despite the fact that there has not been an overall change in the amount of pain Americans have reported in that time period. We have an enormous problem that is often not beginning on street corners; it is starting in doctor's offices and hospitals in every state in our nation. [...]

In 2016, specific states witnessed an escalating number of overdose deaths due to heroin and/or fentanyl(s), in some states vastly exceeding deaths due to prescription opioids.

In 2015, 27 million people reported current use of illegal drugs or abuse of prescription drugs. Despite this self-reporting, only 10 percent of the nearly 21 million citizens with a substance use disorder (SUD) receive any type of specialty treatment according to the most recent National Survey on Drug Use and Health. This is contributing greatly to the increase of deaths from overdose.

References
  1. "Percocet- oxycodone hydrochloride and acetaminophen tablet". DailyMed. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  2. "The Top 300 of 2019". ClinCalc. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
  3. "Acetaminophen; Oxycodone - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
  4. "Percocet: FDA-Approved Drugs". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  5. "FDA May Restrict Acetaminophen". WebMD.
  6. Harris G (30 June 2009). "Ban Is Advised on 2 Top Pills for Pain Relief". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
  7. Dhalla IA, Mamdani MM, Sivilotti ML, Kopp A, Qureshi O, Juurlink DN (December 2009). "Prescribing of opioid analgesics and related mortality before and after the introduction of long-acting oxycodone". CMAJ. 181 (12): 891–6. doi:10.1503/cmaj.090784. PMC 2789126. PMID 19969578.
  8. Fischer B, Rehm J (December 2009). "Deaths related to the use of prescription opioids". CMAJ. 181 (12): 881–2. doi:10.1503/cmaj.091791. PMC 2789122. PMID 19969577.
  9. "Deaths from opioid use have doubled; five-fold increase in oxycodone deaths". Canadian Medical Association Journal. 7 December 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2012.
  10. "Presidential Executive Order Establishing the President's Commission on Combating Drug Addiction and the Opioid Crisis". 29 March 2017. Archived from the original on 30 March 2017.
  11. "Draft interim report" (PDF). whitehouse.gov – via National Archives.
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