August 11

August 11 is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 142 days remain until the end of the year.

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August 11 in recent years
  2022 (Thursday)
  2021 (Wednesday)
  2020 (Tuesday)
  2019 (Sunday)
  2018 (Saturday)
  2017 (Friday)
  2016 (Thursday)
  2015 (Tuesday)
  2014 (Monday)
  2013 (Sunday)

Events

Pre-1600

1601–1900

1901–present

Births

Pre-1600

1601–1900
  • 1673 – Richard Mead, English physician and astrologer (d. 1754)
  • 1718 – Frederick Haldimand, Swiss-English general and politician, 22nd Governor of Quebec (d. 1791)
  • 1722 – Richard Brocklesby, English physician (d. 1797)
  • 1748 – Joseph Schuster, German composer (d. 1812)
  • 1778 – Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, Prussian gymnast, educator, and politician (d. 1852)
  • 1794 – James B. Longacre, American engraver (d. 1869)
  • 1807 – David Rice Atchison, American general, lawyer, and politician (d. 1886)
  • 1808 – William W. Chapman, American lawyer and politician (d. 1892)
  • 1816 – Frederick Innes, Scottish-Australian politician, 9th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1882)
  • 1833 – Robert G. Ingersoll, American soldier, lawyer, and politician (d. 1899)
  • 1833 – Kido Takayoshi, Japanese samurai and politician (d. 1877)
  • 1836 – Warren Brown, American historian and politician (d. 1919)
  • 1837 – Marie François Sadi Carnot, French engineer and politician, 4th President of the French Republic (d. 1894)
  • 1855 – John Hodges, Australian cricketer (d. 1933)
  • 1858 – Christiaan Eijkman, Dutch physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1930)
  • 1860 – Ottó Bláthy, Hungarian engineer and chess player (d. 1939)
  • 1870 – Tom Richardson, English cricketer (d. 1912)
  • 1874 – Princess Louise Charlotte of Saxe-Altenburg (d. 1953)
  • 1877 – Adolph M. Christianson, American lawyer and judge (d. 1954)
  • 1878 – Oliver W. F. Lodge, English poet and author (d. 1955)
  • 1881 – Aleksander Aberg, Estonian wrestler (d. 1920)
  • 1884 – Hermann Wlach, Austrian-Swiss actor (d. 1962)
  • 1885 – Stephen Butterworth, English physicist and engineer (d. 1958)
  • 1891 – Stancho Belkovski, Bulgarian architect and educator (d. 1962)
  • 1891 – Edgar Zilsel, Austrian historian and philosopher of science, linked to the Vienna Circle (d. 1944)
  • 1892 – Hugh MacDiarmid, Scottish poet and linguist (d. 1978)
  • 1892 – Eiji Yoshikawa, Japanese author (d. 1962)
  • 1897 – Enid Blyton, English author, poet, and educator (d. 1968)[12]
  • 1897 – Louise Bogan, American poet and critic (d. 1970)
  • 1898 – Peter Mohr Dam, Faroese educator and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (d. 1968)
  • 1900 – Charley Paddock, American sprinter (d. 1943)[13]
  • 1900 – Philip Phillips, American archaeologist and scholar (d. 1994)

1901–present
  • 1902 – Alfredo Binda, Italian cyclist (d. 1986)
  • 1902 – Lloyd Nolan, American actor (d. 1985)
  • 1902 – Christian de Castries, French general (d. 1991)
  • 1905 – Erwin Chargaff, Austrian-American biochemist and academic (d. 2002)
  • 1905 – Ernst Jaakson, Estonian diplomat (d. 1998)
  • 1907 – Ted a'Beckett, Australian cricketer and lawyer (d. 1989)
  • 1908 – Don Freeman, American author and illustrator (d. 1978)
  • 1908 – Torgny T:son Segerstedt, Swedish sociologist and philosopher (d. 1999)
  • 1909 – Yūji Koseki, Japanese composer (d. 1989)
  • 1909 – Uku Masing, Estonian philosopher and theologian (d. 1985)
  • 1911 – Thanom Kittikachorn, Thai field marshal and politician, 10th Prime Minister of Thailand (d. 2004)
  • 1912 – Eva Ahnert-Rohlfs, German astronomer and academic (d. 1954)
  • 1912 – Raphael Blau, American screenwriter and producer (d. 1996)
  • 1913 – Paul Dupuis, Canadian actor (d. 1976)
  • 1913 – Bob Scheffing, American baseball player and manager (d. 1985)
  • 1913 – Angus Wilson, English author and academic (d. 1991)
  • 1915 – Morris Weiss, American author and illustrator (d. 2014)
  • 1916 – Johnny Claes, English-Belgian race car driver and trumpet player (d. 1956)
  • 1919 – Luis Olmo, Puerto Rican-American baseball player and manager (d. 2017)
  • 1920 – Mike Douglas, American singer and talk show host (d. 2006)
  • 1920 – Chuck Rayner, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2002)
  • 1921 – Alex Haley, American historian and author (d. 1992)
  • 1922 – John "Mule" Miles, American baseball player (d. 2013)
  • 1923 – Stan Chambers, American journalist and actor (d. 2015)
  • 1925 – Floyd Curry, Canadian ice hockey player and manager (d. 2006)
  • 1925 – Arlene Dahl, American actress, businesswoman and writer (d. 2021)[14]
  • 1926 – Aaron Klug, Lithuanian-English chemist and biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2018)[15]
  • 1927 – Raymond Leppard, English harpsichord player and conductor (d. 2019)
  • 1927 – Stuart Rosenberg, American director and producer (d. 2007)
  • 1932 – Fernando Arrabal, Spanish actor, director, and playwright
  • 1932 – Izzy Asper, Canadian lawyer, businessman, and politician, founded Canwest (d. 2003)
  • 1932 – Geoffrey Cass, English businessman
  • 1932 – Peter Eisenman, American architect, designed the City of Culture of Galicia
  • 1932 – John Gorrie, English director and screenwriter
  • 1933 – Jerry Falwell, American minister and television host (d. 2007)
  • 1933 – Jerzy Grotowski, Polish director and producer (d. 1999)
  • 1933 – Tamás Vásáry, Hungarian pianist and conductor
  • 1934 – Bob Hepple, South African lawyer and academic (d. 2015)
  • 1936 – Andre Dubus, American short story writer, essayist, and memoirist (d. 1999)
  • 1936 – Bill Monbouquette, American baseball player and coach (d. 2015)
  • 1936 – Jonathan Spence, English-American historian and academic (d. 2021)
  • 1937 – Anna Massey, English actress (d. 2011)
  • 1937 – Patrick Joseph McGovern, American businessman, founded International Data Group (d. 2014)
  • 1939 – James Mancham, first President of Seychelles (d. 2017)[16]
  • 1939 – Ronnie Dawson, American singer and guitarist (d. 2003)
  • 1940 – Glenys Page, New Zealand cricketer (d. 2012)
  • 1941 – John Ellison, American-Canadian musician and songwriter
  • 1942 – Mike Hugg, English drummer and keyboard player
  • 1943 – Jim Kale, Canadian bass player
  • 1943 – Pervez Musharraf, Pakistani general and politician, 10th President of Pakistan
  • 1943 – Denis Payton, English saxophonist (d. 2006)
  • 1944 – Martin Linton, Swedish-English journalist and politician
  • 1944 – Frederick W. Smith, American businessman, founded FedEx
  • 1944 – Ian McDiarmid, Scottish actor
  • 1946 – John Conlee, American singer-songwriter
  • 1946 – Marilyn vos Savant, American journalist and author
  • 1947 – Theo de Jong, Dutch footballer, coach, and manager
  • 1947 – Georgios Karatzaferis, Greek journalist and politician
  • 1947 – Wilma van den Berg, Dutch sprinter[17]
  • 1948 – Don Boyd, Scottish director, producer, and screenwriter
  • 1949 – Eric Carmen, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1949 – Tim Hutchinson, American lawyer and politician
  • 1949 – Ian Charleson, Scottish-English actor and singer (d. 1990)
  • 1950 – Erik Brann, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2003)
  • 1950 – Gennadiy Nikonov, Russian engineer, designed the AN-94 rifle (d. 2003)
  • 1950 – Steve Wozniak, American computer scientist and programmer, co-founded Apple Inc.[18]
  • 1952 – Reid Blackburn, American photographer (d. 1980)
  • 1952 – Bob Mothersbaugh, American singer, guitarist, and producer
  • 1953 – Hulk Hogan, American wrestler
  • 1953 – Wijda Mazereeuw, Dutch swimmer
  • 1954 – Bryan Bassett, American guitarist
  • 1954 – Vance Heafner, American golfer and coach (d. 2012)
  • 1954 – Joe Jackson, English singer-songwriter and musician
  • 1954 – Tarmo Rüütli, Estonian footballer, coach, and manager
  • 1954 – Yashpal Sharma, Indian cricketer and umpire (d. 2021)
  • 1955 – Marc Bureau, Canadian politician, 16th Mayor of Gatineau
  • 1955 – Sylvia Hermon, Northern Irish academic and politician
  • 1956 – Pierre-Louis Lions, French mathematician and academic
  • 1957 – Ian Stuart Donaldson, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1993)
  • 1957 – Masayoshi Son, Japanese technology entrepreneur and investor
  • 1958 – Steven Pokere, New Zealand rugby player
  • 1958 – Jah Wobble, English singer-songwriter and bass player
  • 1959 – Gustavo Cerati, Argentinian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 2014)
  • 1959 – Yoshiaki Murakami, Japanese businessman
  • 1959 – Taraki Sivaram, Sri Lankan journalist and author (d. 2005)
  • 1959 – Richard Scudamore, English businessman
  • 1959 – László Szlávics, Jr., Hungarian sculptor
  • 1961 – David Brooks, American journalist and author
  • 1961 – Craig Ehlo, American basketball player and coach
  • 1962 – Brian Azzarello, American author
  • 1962 – Charles Cecil, English video game designer and co-founded Revolution Software
  • 1962 – John Micklethwait, English journalist and author
  • 1962 – Rob Minkoff, American director and producer
  • 1963 – Hiromi Makihara, Japanese baseball player
  • 1964 – Jim Lee, South Korean-American author and illustrator
  • 1964 – Grant Waite, New Zealand golfer
  • 1965 – Marc Bergevin, Canadian ice hockey player and manager
  • 1965 – Embeth Davidtz, American actress
  • 1965 – Viola Davis, American actress
  • 1966 – Nigel Martyn, English footballer and coach
  • 1966 – Juan María Solare, Argentinian pianist and composer
  • 1967 – Massimiliano Allegri, Italian footballer and manager
  • 1967 – Enrique Bunbury, Spanish singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1967 – Joe Rogan, American actor, comedian, and television host
  • 1967 – Petter Wettre, Norwegian saxophonist and composer
  • 1968 – Anna Gunn, American actress[19]
  • 1968 – Sophie Okonedo, British actress
  • 1968 – Charlie Sexton, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1970 – Dirk Hannemann, German footballer and manager
  • 1970 – Gianluca Pessotto, Italian footballer
  • 1971 – Alejandra Barros, Mexican actress and screenwriter
  • 1971 – Tommy Mooney, English footballer
  • 1973 – Kristin Armstrong, American cyclist
  • 1974 – Marie-France Dubreuil, Canadian figure skater
  • 1974 – Hadiqa Kiani, Pakistani singer, songwriter and philanthropist
  • 1974 – Audrey Mestre, French biologist and diver (d. 2002)
  • 1974 – Carolyn Murphy, American model and actress
  • 1975 – Chris Cummings, Canadian singer-songwriter
  • 1976 – Iván Córdoba, Colombian footballer and manager
  • 1976 – Bubba Crosby, American baseball player
  • 1976 – Will Friedle, American actor and screenwriter
  • 1976 – Ben Gibbard, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1976 – Ľubomír Višňovský, Slovak ice hockey player
  • 1977 – Gemma Hayes, Irish singer-songwriter
  • 1977 – Dênio Martins, Brazilian footballer
  • 1978 – Spyros Gogolos, Greek footballer
  • 1978 – Charlotte Leslie, British politician
  • 1978 – Lillian Nakate, Ugandan politician
  • 1978 – Isy Suttie, English comedian, musician, actress, and writer
  • 1979 – Walter Ayoví, Ecuadorian footballer
  • 1980 – Daniel Lloyd, English cyclist and sportscaster
  • 1980 – Lee Suggs, American football player
  • 1981 – Daniel Poohl, Swedish journalist
  • 1983 – Chris Hemsworth, Australian actor
  • 1983 – Luke Lewis, Australian rugby league player
  • 1983 – Pavel 183, Russian painter (d. 2013)
  • 1984 – Mojtaba Abedini, Iranian Olympic fencer[20]
  • 1984 – Melky Cabrera, Dominican baseball player[21]
  • 1984 – Lucas di Grassi, Brazilian race car driver
  • 1985 – Jacqueline Fernandez, Bahraini–Sri Lankan actress
  • 1986 – Mokhtar Benmoussa, Algerian footballer
  • 1986 – Pablo Sandoval, Venezuelan baseball player
  • 1987 – Dany N'Guessan, French footballer
  • 1987 – Drew Storen, American baseball player
  • 1988 – Rabeh Al-Hussaini, Filipino basketball player
  • 1988 – Patty Mills, Australian basketball player
  • 1988 – Mustafa Pektemek, Turkish footballer
  • 1989 – Junior Heffernan, Irish cyclist and triathlete (d. 2013)
  • 1989 – Sebastian Huke, German footballer
  • 1990 – Lenka Juríková, Slovak tennis player
  • 1991 – Cristian Tello, Spanish footballer
  • 1992 – Tomi Lahren, American conservative political commentator[22]
  • 1994 – Storm Sanders, Australian tennis player
  • 1994 – Anton Cooper, New Zealand cross-country cyclist
  • 1994 – Joseph Barbato, French footballer
  • 1997 – Sarah Clelland, Scottish footballer[23]
  • 2001 – Moyuka Uchijima, Japanese tennis player[24][25]

Deaths

Pre-1600
  • 223 – Jia Xu, Chinese politician (b. 147)
  • 353 – Magnentius, Roman usurper (b. 303)
  • 449 – Archbishop Flavian of Constantinople
  • 632 – Rusticula, abbess of Arles[26]
  • 919 – Dhuka al-Rumi, Abbasid governor of Egypt[27]
  • 979 – Gero, Count of Alsleben
  • 991 – Byrhtnoth, English soldier (b. 956)
  • 1044 – Sokkate, king of the Pagan dynasty of Burma (b. 1001)
  • 1204 – Guttorm of Norway (b. 1199)
  • 1253 – Clare of Assisi, Italian follower of Francis of Assisi (b. 1194)
  • 1259 – Möngke Khan, Mongolian emperor (b. 1208)
  • 1268 – Agnes of Faucigny, Dame ruler of Faucigny, Countess consort of Savoy
  • 1332 – Domhnall II, Earl of Mar
  • 1332 – Robert II Keith, Marischal of Scotland
  • 1332 – Thomas Randolph, 2nd Earl of Moray
  • 1332 – Murdoch III, Earl of Menteith
  • 1332 – Robert Bruce, Lord of Liddesdale
  • 1456 – John Hunyadi, Hungarian general and politician (b. 1387)
  • 1464 – Nicholas of Cusa, German cardinal and mystic (b. 1401)
  • 1465 – Kettil Karlsson, regent of Sweden and Bishop of Linköping (b. 1433)
  • 1486 – William Waynflete, English Lord Chancellor and bishop of Winchester (b. c. 1398)
  • 1494 – Hans Memling, German-Belgian painter (b. 1430)
  • 1519 – Johann Tetzel, German preacher (b. 1465)
  • 1556 – John Bell, English bishop
  • 1563 – Bartolomé de Escobedo, Spanish composer and educator (b. 1500)
  • 1578 – Pedro Nunes, Portuguese mathematician and academic (b. 1502)
  • 1596 – Hamnet Shakespeare, son of William Shakespeare (b. 1585)

1601–1900
  • 1614 – Lavinia Fontana, Italian painter (b. 1552)
  • 1656 – Ottavio Piccolomini, Austrian-Italian field marshal (b. 1599)
  • 1725 – Prince Vittorio Amedeo Theodore of Savoy (b. 1723)
  • 1774 – Charles-François Tiphaigne de la Roche, French physician and author (b. 1722)
  • 1813 – Henry James Pye, English poet and politician (b. 1745)
  • 1851 – Lorenz Oken, German botanist, biologist, and ornithologist (b. 1779)
  • 1854 – Macedonio Melloni, Italian physicist and academic (b. 1798)
  • 1868 – Halfdan Kjerulf, Norwegian pianist and composer (b. 1815)
  • 1886 – Lydia Koidula, Estonian poet and playwright (b. 1843)
  • 1890 – John Henry Newman, English cardinal and theologian (b. 1801)
  • 1892 – Enrico Betti, Italian mathematician and academic (b. 1813)

1901–present
  • 1903 – Eugenio María de Hostos, Puerto Rican-American sociologist, philosopher, and lawyer (b. 1839)
  • 1908 – Khudiram Bose, Indian Bengali revolutionary (b. 1889)
  • 1919 – Andrew Carnegie, Scottish-American businessman and philanthropist, founded the Carnegie Steel Company and Carnegie Hall (b. 1835)[28]
  • 1921 – Mary Sumner, English philanthropist, founded the Mothers' Union (b. 1828)
  • 1936 – Blas Infante, Spanish historian and politician (b. 1885)
  • 1937 – Edith Wharton, American novelist and short story writer (b. 1862)
  • 1939 – Jean Bugatti, German-Italian engineer (b. 1909)
  • 1939 – Siegfried Flesch, Austrian fencer (b. 1872)
  • 1945 – Stefan Jaracz, Polish actor and theater producer (b. 1883)
  • 1953 – Tazio Nuvolari, Italian race car driver and motorcycle racer (b. 1892)
  • 1956 – Jackson Pollock, American painter (b. 1912)
  • 1961 – Antanas Škėma, Lithuanian-American author, playwright, actor, and director (b. 1910)
  • 1963 – Otto Wahle, Austrian-American swimmer and coach (b. 1879)
  • 1965 – Bill Woodfull, Australian cricketer and educator (b. 1897)
  • 1969 – Miriam Licette, English soprano and educator (b. 1885)
  • 1972 – Max Theiler, South African-American virologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
  • 1974 – Vicente Emilio Sojo, Venezuelan conductor and composer (b. 1887)
  • 1977 – Frederic Calland Williams, British co-inventor of the Williams-Kilborn tube, used for memory in early computer systems (b. 1911)
  • 1978 – Berta Ruck, Indian-born Welsh romance novelist (b. 1878)[29]
  • 1979 – J. G. Farrell, English author (b. 1935)
  • 1980 – Paul Robert, French lexicographer and publisher (b. 1910)
  • 1982 – Tom Drake, American actor and singer (b. 1918)
  • 1984 – Alfred A. Knopf Sr., American publisher, founded Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. (b. 1892)
  • 1984 – Paul Felix Schmidt, Estonian–American chemist and chess player (b. 1916)
  • 1986 – János Drapál, Hungarian motorcycle racer (b. 1948)
  • 1988 – Anne Ramsey, American actress (b. 1929)
  • 1989 – John Meillon, Australian actor (b. 1934)
  • 1991 – J. D. McDuffie, American race car driver (b. 1938)
  • 1994 – Peter Cushing, English actor (b. 1913)
  • 1995 – Phil Harris, American singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1904)
  • 1996 – Rafael Kubelík, Czech conductor and composer (b. 1914)
  • 1996 – Ambrosio Padilla, Filipino basketball player and politician (b. 1910)
  • 2000 – Jean Papineau-Couture, Canadian composer and academic (b. 1916)
  • 2001 – Percy Stallard, English cyclist and coach (b. 1909)
  • 2002 – Galen Rowell, American photographer and mountaineer (b. 1940)
  • 2003 – Armand Borel, Swiss-American mathematician and academic (b. 1923)
  • 2003 – Herb Brooks, American ice hockey player and coach (b. 1937)
  • 2006 – Mike Douglas, American singer and talk show host (b. 1920)
  • 2008 – George Furth, American actor and playwright (b. 1932)
  • 2008 – Dursun Karataş, founding leader of the Revolutionary People's Liberation Party–Front (DHKP-C) in Turkey (b. 1952)
  • 2009 – Eunice Kennedy Shriver, American activist, founded the Special Olympics (b. 1921)
  • 2012 – Red Bastien, American wrestler, trainer, and promoter (b. 1931)
  • 2012 – Michael Dokes, American boxer (b. 1958)
  • 2012 – Lucy Gallardo, Argentinian-Mexican actress and screenwriter (b. 1929)
  • 2013 – Raymond Delisle, French cyclist (b. 1943)
  • 2013 – Zafar Futehally, Indian ornithologist and author (b. 1919)
  • 2013 – David Howard, English ballet dancer and educator (b. 1937)
  • 2014 – Vladimir Beara, Croatian footballer and manager (b. 1928)
  • 2014 – Raymond Gravel, Canadian priest and politician (b. 1952)
  • 2014 – Kika Szaszkiewiczowa, Polish author and blogger (b. 1917)
  • 2014 – Robin Williams, American actor and comedian (b. 1951)
  • 2015 – Serge Collot, French viola player and educator (b. 1923)
  • 2015 – Harald Nielsen, Danish footballer and manager (b. 1941)
  • 2015 – Richard Oriani, Salvadoran-American metallurgist and engineer (b. 1920)
  • 2017 – Yisrael Kristal, Polish-Israeli supercentenarian; oldest living Holocaust survivor and one of the ten oldest men ever (b. 1903)
  • 2017 – Segun Bucknor, Nigerian musician and journalist (b. 1946)
  • 2018 – V S Naipaul, British writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1932)[30]
  • 2019 – Sergio Obeso Rivera, Mexican Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1931)[31]
  • 2020 – Trini Lopez, Mexican American singer and guitarist (b. 1937)[32]
  • 2020 – Sumner Redstone, American billionaire businessman (b. 1923)[33]
  • 2022 – Anne Heche, American actress (b. 1969)[34]

Holidays and observances

References
  1. Halm, Heinz (1991). Das Reich des Mahdi: Der Aufstieg der Fatimiden [The Empire of the Mahdi: The Rise of the Fatimids] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck. p. 226. ISBN 3-406-35497-1.
  2. Warner, Kathryn (28 January 2009). "Edward II: The Great Famine, 1315 to 1317". Edward II. Archived from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  3. Norwich, John Julius (2012). Absolute Monarchs: A History of the Papacy. United States: Random House Publishing Group.
  4. Black, Don (5 May 2018). "Abiding mystery of the Stowmarket gun cotton explosion". Eastern Daily Press.
  5. P, H. B. (1 August 1871). "The Gun-Cotton Explosion at Stowmarket". Nature. 4 (94): 309. Bibcode:1871Natur...4..309H. doi:10.1038/004309a0. S2CID 4062485.
  6. Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p762 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
  7. Ertel, Ivan D.; Newkirk, Roland W.; Brooks, Courtney G. (1978). "The Apollo Spacecraft - A Chronology. Vol. IV. Part 3 (1969 3rd quarter)". NASA History Program Office. NASA. p. 312. Retrieved October 24, 2017.
  8. "The Rebellion Within". The New Yorker. 2008-05-23. Retrieved 2022-08-11.
  9. "About". Mall of America. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
  10. "A Death On Descent". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved 2019-08-06.
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  12. Greenfield, George (1999). Enid Blyton. Oxford: Isis. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-75310-720-1.
  13. "Charles Paddock". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  14. Jamieson, Wendell (2021-11-29). "Arlene Dahl, Movie Star Turned Entrepreneur, Is Dead at 96". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-11-29.
  15. "Aaron Klug (1926 - 2018)". MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. 21 November 2018. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  16. Lentz, Harris M. (1994). Heads of States and Governments Since 1945. London: Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 677. ISBN 978-1-88496-444-2.
  17. "Wilma VAN GOOL | Profile | World Athletics". worldathletics.org.
  18. "Steve Wozniak". Biography.com. A&E Television Networks. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  19. "Anna Gunn". Emmy Awards. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  20. "Mojtaba Abedini". Olympedia.
  21. "Melky Cabrera". MLB.com. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
  22. @TomiLahren (August 11, 2015). "It's my birthday! 23 yrs old a lot more to say! Get me to 67k followers on Twitter & 38k on Instagram? Xoxo #TeamTomi" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  23. "Sarah Clelland - Player Profile - Football". Eurosport UK. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  24. "Moyuka Uchijima | Player Stats & More – WTA Official". Women's Tennis Association. Retrieved 2022-10-17.
  25. "Wimbledon Player Profile: Moyuka Uchijima". www.wimbledon.com. Retrieved 2022-10-18.
  26. Jo Ann McNamara, John E. Halborg and E. Gordon Whatley (eds.), Sainted Women of the Dark Ages (Duke University Press, 1992), pp. 133–134.
  27. Halm, Heinz (1991). Das Reich des Mahdi: Der Aufstieg der Fatimiden [The Empire of the Mahdi: The Rise of the Fatimids] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck. p. 189. ISBN 3-406-35497-1.
  28. "Andrew Carnegie: Biography on Undiscovered Scotland". www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  29. "Authors : Ruck, Berta : SFE : Science Fiction Encyclopedia". www.sf-encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
  30. "Nobel Prize-winning author V.S. Naipaul dies at 85". 2018-08-12.
  31. "Falleció el Arzobispo Emérito, Sergio Obeso Rivera" [Archbishop Emeritus, Sergio Obeso Rivera passes away], El Diario de Morelos (in Spanish), Cuernavaca, August 11, 2019, retrieved August 11, 2019
  32. "Famous People Who Died in 2020". On This Day. Retrieved 2020-08-22.
  33. "Notable deaths in 2020". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2020-04-06. Retrieved 2020-09-15.
  34. "Anne Heche Dead After Catastrophic Brain Injury".
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