1981

1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1981st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 981st year of the 2nd millennium, the 81st year of the 20th century, and the 2nd year of the 1980s decade.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1981 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1981
MCMLXXXI
Ab urbe condita2734
Armenian calendar1430
ԹՎ ՌՆԼ
Assyrian calendar6731
Baháʼí calendar137–138
Balinese saka calendar1902–1903
Bengali calendar1388
Berber calendar2931
British Regnal year29 Eliz. 2  30 Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar2525
Burmese calendar1343
Byzantine calendar7489–7490
Chinese calendar庚申年 (Metal Monkey)
4677 or 4617
     to 
辛酉年 (Metal Rooster)
4678 or 4618
Coptic calendar1697–1698
Discordian calendar3147
Ethiopian calendar1973–1974
Hebrew calendar5741–5742
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat2037–2038
 - Shaka Samvat1902–1903
 - Kali Yuga5081–5082
Holocene calendar11981
Igbo calendar981–982
Iranian calendar1359–1360
Islamic calendar1401–1402
Japanese calendarShōwa 56
(昭和56年)
Javanese calendar1913–1914
Juche calendar70
Julian calendarGregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar4314
Minguo calendarROC 70
民國70年
Nanakshahi calendar513
Thai solar calendar2524
Tibetan calendar阳金猴年
(male Iron-Monkey)
2107 or 1726 or 954
     to 
阴金鸡年
(female Iron-Rooster)
2108 or 1727 or 955
Unix time347155200 – 378691199

Events

January

February

  • February 4Gro Harlem Brundtland becomes Prime Minister of Norway.[8]
  • February 8 – In Greece, 20 fans of Olympiacos F.C. and 1 fan of AEK Athens die, while 54 are injured, after a stampede at the Karaiskakis Stadium in Piraeus, possibly because Gate 7 does not open immediately after the end of the game.
  • February 9 – Polish Prime Minister Józef Pińkowski resigns, and is replaced by General Wojciech Jaruzelski.[9]
  • February 14 – Stardust fire: A fire at the Stardust nightclub in Artane, Dublin, Ireland in the early hours kills 48 people and injures 214.[10]
  • February 1722Pope John Paul II visits the Philippines.
  • February 23 – 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt ("23-F"): Antonio Tejero, with members of the Guardia Civil, enters the Spanish Congress of Deputies and stops the session where Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo is about to be named president of the government. The coup fails after being denounced by King Juan Carlos.[11]
  • February 24 – A powerful, Ms6.7 magnitude earthquake hits Athens, killing 22 people, injuring 400 people and destroying several buildings and 4,000 houses, mostly in Corinth and the nearby towns of Loutraki, Kiato and Xylokastro.

March

April

April 12: First Space Shuttle launch: Columbia, April 12, 1981.

May

June

  • June 5 – The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States report that 5 homosexual men in Los Angeles have a rare form of pneumonia seen only in patients with weakened immune systems, the first recognized cases of AIDS.
  • June 6 – Bihar train disaster: Seven coaches of an overcrowded passenger train fall off the tracks into the Bagmati River in Bihar, India, killing between 500 and 800.
  • June 7 – The Israeli Air Force destroys Iraq's Osirak nuclear reactor killing ten Iraqi troops and a French technician.
  • June 10 – Alfredo Rampi, a 6-year-old boy, falls into an artesian well in Vermicino, near Rome. After nearly three days of failed rescue attempts followed with bated breath from all over Italy, Alfredino dies inside the well, at a depth of 60 meters.
  • June 13 – At the Trooping the Colour ceremony in London, teenager Marcus Sarjeant fires 6 blank shots close to Queen Elizabeth II, startling her horse.[16][17]
  • June 18
  • June 22 – Iranian president Abolhassan Banisadr is deposed.
  • June 27
    • The first game of paintball is played, in Henniker, New Hampshire, United States.[19] [20]
    • The E-mu Emulator sampler keyboard with floppy disk operation is unveiled at NAMM international Sound & Music Expo, Chicago. Production Model Serial Number 001 is issued to Stevie Wonder.[21]

July

  • July 1 – Wonderland murders: The Wonderland Gang of cocaine dealers is brutally murdered in Los Angeles.[22] Eddie Nash is suspected of involvement, but will never be convicted.[23]
  • July 3 – The Toxteth riots in Liverpool, England, start after a mob saves a youth from being arrested. Shortly afterward, the Chapeltown riots in Leeds start after increased racial tension.
  • July 7 – United States President Ronald Reagan nominates the first woman, Sandra Day O'Connor, to the Supreme Court of the United States.[24]
  • July 9Donkey Kong is released, marking the first Donkey Kong and Mario smash hit arcade game developed by Nintendo in Japan.
  • July 10
  • July 1621 – England become the first team this century to win a cricket Test match after the follow-on when they beat Australia by 18 runs at Headingley cricket ground, Leeds, England.
  • July 17
    • Hyatt Regency walkway collapse: Two skywalks filled with people at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Kansas City, Missouri, collapse into a crowded atrium lobby, killing 114.
    • Israeli aircraft bomb Beirut, destroying multi-story apartment blocks containing the offices of PLO associated groups, killing approximately 300 civilians and resulting in worldwide condemnation and a U.S. embargo on the export of aircraft to Israel.[26]
  • July 19 – The 1981 Springbok Tour commences in New Zealand, amid controversy over the support of apartheid.
  • July 21Panda Tohui is born in Chapultepec Zoo in Mexico City, the first panda to ever be born and survive in captivity outside of China.
  • July 29 – A worldwide television audience of over 750 million people watch the Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer at St Paul's Cathedral in London, UK.[27]
  • July 30 – 1981 Polish hunger demonstrations: As many as 50,000 demonstrators, mostly women and children, take to the streets in Łódź to protest about food ration shortages in Communist Poland.[28]

August

  • August 1 – The first 24-hour video music channel MTV (Music Television) is launched in the United States and airs its first video, Video Killed the Radio Star by The Buggles.[29]
  • August 9 – 1981 Major League Baseball strike ends in the United States, and Major League Baseball resumes with the All-Star Game in Cleveland's Municipal Stadium.[30]
  • August 12 – The original Model 5150 IBM PC (with a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 processor) is released in the United States at a base price of $1,565.[31]
  • August 19 – Gulf of Sidra incident: Libyan president Muammar Gaddafi sends two Sukhoi Su-22 fighter jets to intercept two U.S. Navy fighters over the Gulf of Sidra. The U.S. jets destroy the Libyan fighters.[32]
  • August 23 – South African troops attack SWAPO bases in Xangongo and Ongiva, Angola, during Operation Protea.[33]
  • August 24Mark David Chapman is sentenced to 20 years to life in prison after pleading guilty to murdering John Lennon in Manhattan eight months earlier.
  • August 27 – North Korea fires a surface-to-air missile at a U.S. SR-71 Blackbird spy plane flying in South Korean and international airspace. The missile misses and the airplane is unharmed.[34]
  • August 30 – 1981 Iranian Prime Minister's office bombing: Eight people, including the country's president and prime minister, are killed when a briefcase, planted by People's Mujahedin of Iran, explodes in the building.[35]
  • August 31 – A bomb explodes at the United States Ramstein Air Base in West Germany, injuring 20 people.

September

October

November

December

Date unknown

Births

Births
January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December

January

Rinko Kikuchi

February

Tom Hiddleston

March

April

Kunal Nayyar
  • April 1
    • Aslı Bayram, Turkish German model and actress
    • Aimee Chan, Chinese-Canadian actress
    • Nolan Yonkman, Canadian hockey player
  • April 6
    • Lucas Licht, Argentine footballer[84]
  • April 7
    • Óscar Alberto Pérez, Venezuelan rebel leader and detective (d. 2018)[85]
    • Suzann Pettersen, Norwegian golfer
  • April 8
    • Frédérick Bousquet, French swimmer
    • Taylor Kitsch, Canadian actor and model
    • Ofer Shechter, Israeli actor
  • April 9 – Milan Bartovič, Slovak hockey player
  • April 11
  • April 16 - Russell Harvard, deaf American actor
  • April 18
    • Jang Na-ra, Korean actress and singer
    • Audrey Tang, Taiwanese software programmer
  • April 19
  • April 25
    • Felipe Massa, Brazilian racing driver
    • Anja Pärson, Swedish alpine skier
    • Krzysztof Tuduj, Polish politician
  • April 26 – Matthieu Delpierre, French football player
  • April 28Jessica Alba, American actress and businesswoman
  • April 29 – Kunal Nayyar, British-Indian actor

May

Rami Malek
Zara Tindall
Georges St-Pierre
Shiri Maimon
  • May 1Alexander Hleb, Belarusian football player[87]
  • May 5Craig David, English singer[88]
  • May 8 – Stephen Amell, Canadian actor
  • May 11
    • Lauren Jackson, Australian basketball player
    • Daisuke Matsui, Japanese football player
  • May 12
    • Rami Malek, American actor[89]
    • Kentaro Sato, Japanese composer
  • May 13 – Rebecka Liljeberg, Swedish actress
  • May 15
    • Patrice Evra, Senegalese-born French footballer
    • Jamie-Lynn Sigler, American actress[90]
    • Zara Tindall, British elite equestrienne
  • May 16 – Joseph Morgan, English actor[91]
  • May 17 – Shiri Maimon, Israeli pop/R&B singer, TV show host and actress
  • May 19
    • Sani Bečirovič, Slovenian basketball player
    • Bong Tae-gyu, South Korean actor
    • Klaas-Erik Zwering, Dutch swimmer
    • Georges St-Pierre, Canadian mixed martial arts fighter
  • May 20
    • Iker Casillas, Spanish footballer
    • Rachel Platten, American singer-songwriter
    • Mark Winterbottom, Australian racing driver
  • May 21 – Anna Rogowska, Polish pole vaulter
  • May 22
    • Bryan Danielson, American professional wrestler
    • Melissa Gregory, American figure skater
  • May 23 - Dessa, American Doomtree singer
  • May 24 – Andy Lee, Australian comedian and musician
  • May 25 – Logan Tom, American volleyball player[92]
  • May 26 – Anthony Ervin, American swimmer
  • May 27 – Alina Cojocaru, Romanian ballerina
  • May 29

June

Simon Ammann
  • June 1
    • Brandi Carlile, American singer and songwriter
    • Amy Schumer, American comedian, actress, and screenwriter
  • June 3 – Mike Adam, Canadian curler
  • June 4
    • T.J. Miller, American comedian, actor, and screenwriter
    • Giourkas Seitaridis, Greek footballer[93]
    • Natalia Vodopyanova, Russian basketball player
  • June 5 – Sébastien Lefebvre, Canadian musician (Simple Plan)
  • June 7
  • June 9
    • Celina Jaitly, Indian actress
    • Natalie Portman, Israeli-American actress
    • Anoushka Shankar, British musician and daughter of Ravi Shankar
  • June 12Adriana Lima, Brazilian model
  • June 13Chris Evans, American actor
  • June 14 – Lonneke Engel, Dutch model
  • June 15 – Veljo Reinik, Estonian actor
  • June 17 – Amrita Rao, Indian actress
  • June 18 – Ella Chen, Taiwanese singer
  • June 21
    • Simon Delestre, French equestrian
    • Brandon Flowers, American singer and keyboardist
  • June 23 – Joe Taslim, Indonesian actor and martial artist
  • June 24 – Júnior Assunção, Brazilian mixed martial artist
  • June 25
    • Simon Ammann, Swiss ski jumper
    • Carlo Prater, Brazilian mixed martial artist
    • Sheridan Smith, English actress
  • June 27 – Majida Issa, Colombian actress
  • June 28 – Mara Santangelo, Italian tennis player
  • June 29
    • Joe Johnson, American basketball player
    • Maria Maya, Brazilian actress

July

Paloma Faith
Nayib Bukele
Michiel Huisman
  • July 1
    • Orlando Cruz, Puerto Rican boxer
    • Tim Reddy, International Man of Mystery
  • July 3
    • Evgeny Postny, Israeli chess grandmaster
    • Tevita Leo-Latu, New Zealand rugby league footballer
  • July 4 – Tahar Rahim, French actor
  • July 5
    • Gianne Albertoni, Brazilian model
    • Ryan Hansen, American actor
  • July 6
    • Omar Naber, Slovenian singer, songwriter and guitar player
    • Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Indian cricketer
    • Synyster Gates, American guitarist
  • July 8Anastasia Myskina, Russian tennis player
  • July 11 – Susana Barreiros, Venezuelan judge
  • July 12 – Bojana Novakovic, Serbian-Australian actress
  • July 13
    • Hassan Al Kontar, Syrian refugee
    • Ágnes Kovács, Hungarian swimmer
  • July 15 – Norhafiz Zamani Misbah, Malaysian footballer
  • July 17 – Mélanie Thierry, French actress
  • July 18 – Michiel Huisman, Dutch actor, musician and singer-songwriter[95]
  • July 19 – Nikki Osborne, Australian actress
  • July 21
    • Paloma Faith, English singer, songwriter and actress
    • Joaquín, Spanish footballer[96]
  • July 22
    • Clive Standen, Northern Irish actor
    • Josh Lawson, Australian actor
  • July 23
    • Jarkko Nieminen, Finnish tennis player
    • Steve Jocz, Sum 41 ex-drummer
  • July 24
    • Summer Glau, American actress
    • Nayib Bukele, 46th President of El Salvador[97]
  • July 25 – Finn Bálor (aka Fergal Devitt), Irish professional wrestler
  • July 26Maicon Douglas Sisenando, Brazilian footballer
  • July 27 – Li Xiaopeng, Chinese gymnast
  • July 29Fernando Alonso, Spanish double Formula 1 world champion[98]
  • July 30 – Nicky Hayden, American motorcycle racer (d. 2017)[99]

August

Meghan, Duchess of Sussex
Jan Frodeno
  • August 3 – Fikirte Addis, Ethiopian fashion designer
  • August 4
    • Abigail Spencer, American actress
    • Meghan, Duchess of Sussex, American actress and member of the British royal family
  • August 5 – Anna Rawson, Australian professional golfer
  • Jesse Williams, American actor, director, producer and activist
  • August 6 - Leslie Odom Jr., American actor
  • August 8
  • August 9Li Jiawei, Singaporean Olympic table tennis player
  • August 10
    • Natsumi Abe, Japanese singer and actress
    • Taufik Hidayat, Indonesian badminton player
  • August 12
  • August 14
  • August 15
    • Zaka Alao, French basketball player
    • Tosyn Bucknor, Nigerian media personality (d. 2018)
    • Song Ji-hyo, South Korean actress
    • Oh Jin-hyek, South Korean archer
  • August 17Hinde Boulbayem
  • August 18 – Jan Frodeno, German triathlete
  • August 19 - Nate Burleson, American football player, TV host
  • August 20 – Ben Barnes, English actor (Prince Caspian)
  • August 21 – Jarrod Lyle, Australian golfer (d. 2018)
  • August 24Chad Michael Murray, American actor
  • August 25Rachel Bilson, American actress
  • August 27 – Patrick J. Adams, Canadian actor and director
  • August 29
    • Jay Ryan, New Zealand actor
    • Karim Darwish, Egyptian squash player

September

October

Jun Ji-hyun
Ivanka Trump

November

Katharine Isabelle
Raphael Gualazzi
Yfke Sturm

December

Deaths

January

Beulah Bondi
Adele Astaire

February

Ibrahim Abdel Hady Pasha
Ilo Wallace

March

Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón
Max Delbrück
Douglas Lowe

April

Lucile Godbold
Prince Yasuhiko Asaka

May

William Saroyan
Stefan Wyszyński
Soong Ching-ling
Gyula Lóránt
Giuseppe Pella
  • May 1 – Barry Jones, American actor (b. 1893)
  • May 3 – Nargis, Indian actress (b. 1929)
  • May 5Bobby Sands, Irish republican hunger striker (b. 1954)
  • May 6 – Frank O'Grady, Australian public servant (b. 1900)
  • May 7 – Hiromichi Yahara, Imperial Japanese Army officer (b. 1902)
  • May 8 – Prince Andrei Alexandrovich of Russia (b. 1897)
  • May 9
    • Nelson Algren, American author (b. 1909)
    • Margaret Lindsay, American actress (b. 1910)
  • May 11
    • Odd Hassel, Norwegian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)[129]
    • Bob Marley, Jamaican singer, songwriter and musician (b. 1945)
  • May 12 – Benjamin Sheares, Singaporean politician and professor, 2nd President of Singapore (b. 1907)
  • May 13 – Ben Andrews, American actor (b. 1942)
  • May 14 – J. Posadas, Argentine politician (b. 1912)
  • May 17 – Hugo Friedhofer, German-American film composer (b. 1901)
  • May 18
    • Eleonore Baur, German Nazi and only woman to participate in Munich Beer Hall Putsch (b. 1885)
    • Arthur O'Connell, American actor (b. 1908)
    • William Saroyan, American author (b. 1908)[130]
  • May 20 – Dositej, Metropolitan of Skopje (b. 1906)
  • May 21 – Yuki Shimoda, American actor (b. 1921)
  • May 22 – Boris Sagal, Ukrainian-American television and film director (b. 1923)
  • May 23
    • George Jessel, American actor (b. 1898)
    • Donald Macintyre, British naval officer and naval historian (b. 1904)
  • May 24
    • Jaime Roldós Aguilera, 33rd President of Ecuador (b. 1940)
    • Jack Warner, British actor (b. 1895)
  • May 25
    • Rosa Ponselle, American soprano (b. 1897)
    • Ruby Payne-Scott, Australian radio astronomer (b. 1912)
    • A. Thiagarajah, Sri Lankan Tamil teacher and politician (b. 1916)
  • May 28
    • John Bryan Ward-Perkins, British archaeologist (b. 1912)
    • Mary Lou Williams, American jazz pianist (b. 1910)
    • Stefan Wyszyński, Polish Roman Catholic prelate, archbishop and Servant of God (b. 1901)
  • May 29 – Soong Ching-ling, Acting head of State of the People's Republic of China (b. 1893)
  • May 30
    • Don Ashby, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1955)
    • Peter Lindgren, Swedish actor (b. 1915)
    • Ziaur Rahman, 7th President of Bangladesh (b. 1936)
  • May 31
    • Barbara Ward, Baroness Jackson of Lodsworth, British economist (b. 1914)
    • Gyula Lóránt, Hungarian footballer and manager (b. 1923)
    • Giuseppe Pella, Italian politician, 31st Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1902)

June

Rino Gaetano
Zarah Leander
  • June 1 – Carl Vinson, American politician (b. 1883)[131]
  • June 2 – Rino Gaetano, Italian musician and singer-songwriter (b. 1950)
  • June 5 – Miguel Contreras Torres, Mexican actor, director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1899)
  • June 10
    • Jenny Maxwell, American actress (b. 1941)
    • Phelps Phelps, 38th Governor of American Samoa and United States Ambassador to the Dominican Republic (b. 1897)
  • June 12 – Mahmoud Fawzi, Egyptian diplomat and political figure, 35th Prime Minister of Egypt (b. 1900)
  • June 13 – George Walsh, American actor (b. 1889)
  • June 14 – Sir Ronald Holmes, British government official in Hong Kong (b. 1913)
  • June 16Sir Thomas Playford, Australian politician, Premier of South Australia (b. 1896)
  • June 17 – Sir Richard O'Connor, British general (b. 1889)
  • June 19
    • Billy Cook, American actor (b. 1928)
    • Anya Phillips, American co-founder of New York City's Mudd Club (b. 1955)
    • Lotte Reiniger, German-born silhouette animator (b. 1899)
  • June 22
    • Henri Bouillard, French Jesuit theologian (b. 1908)
    • Lola Lane, American actress and singer (b. 1906)
  • June 23 – Zarah Leander, Swedish actress and singer (b. 1907)
  • June 28
    • Mohammad Beheshti, Chief Justice of Iran (b. 1928)
    • Terry Fox, Canadian athlete and cancer activist (b. 1958)

July

Qahtan Muhammad al-Shaabi
  • July 1
    • Marcel Breuer, Hungarian-born American architect (b. 1902)
    • George Voskovec, Czech-American actor, writer, dramatist and director (b. 1905)
  • July 3 – Ross Martin, American actor (b. 1920)
  • July 7 – Qahtan Muhammad al-Shaabi, South Yemenite socialist leader, 1st President of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (South Yemen) (b. 1920)
  • July 8 – Joe McDonnell, Irish republican hunger striker (b. 1951)
  • July 10 – Giorgio De Lullo, Italian actor and director (b. 1921)
  • July 16 – Harry Chapin, American singer and songwriter (b. 1942)
  • July 27William Wyler, American movie director (b. 1902)[132]
  • July 28 – Stanley Francis Rother, American priest, martyr, and Blessed (b. 1935)
  • July 29Robert Moses, American urban planner (b. 1888)
  • July 31 – Omar Torrijos, Panamanian leader (b. 1929)

August

Béla Guttmann
  • August 1
    • Paddy Chayefsky, American screenwriter (b. 1923)
    • Álvaro de Laiglesia, Spanish writer (b. 1922)
  • August 2
    • Delfo Cabrera, Argentine athlete (b. 1919)
    • Stefanie Clausen, Danish diver (b. 1900)
  • August 4Melvyn Douglas, American actor (b. 1901)
  • August 14 – Karl Böhm, Austrian conductor (b. 1894)
  • August 15
    • Carlo Buscaglia, Italian football player (b. 1909)
    • Karl Gero, Duke of Urach, Lichtenstein noble (b. 1899)
  • August 18
    • Robert Russell Bennett, American composer and arranger (b. 1894)
    • Anita Loos, American screenwriter (b. 1888)
  • August 19 – Jessie Matthews, English dancer, singer and actress (b. 1907)
  • August 22 – Glauber Rocha, Brazilian filmmaker (b. 1939)
  • August 27 – Valeri Kharlamov, Soviet ice hockey player (b. 1948)
  • August 28 – Béla Guttmann, Hungarian-born Association footballer and coach (b. 1899)[133]
  • August 29 – Lowell Thomas, American writer and broadcaster (b. 1892)
  • August 30
    • Mohammad-Ali Rajai, 47th Prime Minister of Iran and 2nd President of Iran (assassinated) (b. 1933)
    • Mohammad-Javad Bahonar, Iranian theologian and politician, 48th Prime Minister of Iran (assassinated) (b. 1933)
    • Vera-Ellen, American actress and dancer (b. 1921)

September

Robert Montgomery
Romulo Betancourt

October

Gloria Grahame

November

December

Ferruccio Parri
Mehmet Shehu
  • December 2 – Wallace Harrison, American architect (b. 1895)
  • December 6 – Harry Harlow, American psychologist (b. 1905)
  • December 7 – William Edmunds, Italian stage and screen character actor (b. 1886)
  • December 8 – Ferruccio Parri, Italian partisan and politician, 29th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1905)
  • December 13 – Cornelius Cardew, English composer (b. 1936)
  • December 15
    • Catherine T. MacArthur, American philanthropist (b. 1909)
    • Karl Struss, American cinematographer (b. 1886)
  • December 17
    • Franz Dahlem, German politician. (b. 1892)
    • Mehmet Shehu, Albanian politician, 23rd Prime Minister of Albania (b. 1913)
  • December 18 – Enrique Hertzog, Bolivian politician, 42nd President of Bolivia (b. 1896)
  • December 23
    • Luther H. Evans, American political scientist and librarian, 3rd Director General of the UNESCO (b. 1902)
    • Reginald Miles Ansett, Australian businessman and aviator (b. 1909)
  • December 26 – Suat Hayri Urguplu, Turkish politician, 11th Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1903)
  • December 27Hoagy Carmichael, American jazz composer (b. 1899)
  • December 28 – Allan Dwan, Canadian-born American film director (b. 1885)

Date unknown

  • Ahmad Toukan, Prime Minister of Jordan (b. 1903)
  • Teófilo Tabanera, Argentine engineer and air force officer (b. 1909)

Nobel Prizes

References

  1. Federal Trust for Education and Research (2003). Guide to the EU Institutions. I. B. Tauris. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-903403-09-9.
  2. Economist Publications (1988). The World in Figures. G.K. Hall. p. 282. ISBN 978-0-8161-8954-0.
  3. Angelika Schlunck (2000). Amnesty Versus Accountability: Third Party Intervention Dealing with Gross Human Rights Violations in Internal and International Conflicts. Berlin Verlag Arno Spitz GmbH. p. 91. ISBN 978-3-87061-894-0.
  4. W. J. Twierdochlebow (1985). Solidarność: A Biblio-historiography of the Gdansk Strike and Birth of Solidarity Movement. Center for the Study of Opposition in Poland. p. 61.
  5. ʻAlī Rāhnamā; Farhād Nuʻmānī (1990). The Secular Miracle: Religion, Politics, and Economic Policy in Iran. Zed Books. p. 311. ISBN 978-0-86232-938-9.
  6. Scientific Event Alert Network (National Museum of Natural History (U.S.)) (1981). SEAN Bulletin. Scientific Event Alert Network. p. 14.
  7. Mark S. Hoffman (1990). The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1990. World Almanac. p. 541. ISBN 978-0-88687-559-6.
  8. Christine Ingebritsen (2006). Scandinavia in World Politics. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-7425-0965-8.
  9. Neal Ascherson (1982). The Book of Lech Wałęsa. Simon and Schuster. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-671-45684-9.
  10. Neil Fetherstonhaugh; Tony McCullagh (2001). They Never Came Home: The Stardust Story. Merlin. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-903582-09-1.
  11. Daily Report. West Europe. The Service. 1990. p. 30.
  12. Childs, David (1995). Britain since 1939 : progress and decline. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan. p. 201. ISBN 9781349239672.
  13. "China loses its allure". The Economist. January 23, 2014.
  14. First Things: A Monthly Journal of Religion and Public Life. Institute on Religion and Public Life. 2003. p. 37.
  15. William Moses Kunstler; Sheila Isenberg (1994). My Life as a Radical Lawyer. Carol Pub. p. 288. ISBN 978-1-55972-265-0.
  16. "13 June 1981: Queen shot at by youth". BBC. June 13, 1981. Retrieved August 18, 2010.
  17. Guard: I Saw Shots Being Fired At Queen, Sky News on-line, by Alastair Bruce, 11 June 2016, accessed 9 October 2016.
  18. M. Leann Brown (1994). Developing Countries and Regional Economic Cooperation. Praeger. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-275-94960-0.
  19. "Complete History of Paintball". Paintball Award. May 2021. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
  20. "History of Paintball". true Paintballer. October 2022. Retrieved October 22, 2022.
  21. "NAMM Exhibitor Manual-Summer 1981". namm.org. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
  22. Lemons, Stephen (June 9, 2000). "Return to Wonderland". Salon.
  23. Timnick, Lois (March 21, 1990). "Trial Begins for 2 in Grisly Laurel Canyon Murders of Mid-1981". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles.
  24. Graya: A Magazine for Members of Gray's Inn. Gray's Inn. 1980. p. 51.
  25. Shukor Omar (2003). The Malay Lost World: With Emphasis on Entrepreneurship. Anzagain. p. 36. ISBN 978-983-037-120-7.
  26. "The Bombing of Beirut". Journal of Palestine Studies. 11 (1): 218–225. 1981. doi:10.1525/jps.1981.11.1.00p0366x.
  27. "The Royal Wedding of HRH The Prince of Wales and the Lady Diana Spencer". BBC One. July 29, 1981. Archived from the original on August 3, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
  28. Quarterly Economic Review of Poland, East Germany. Economist Intelligence Unit Limited. 1980. p. 14.
  29. Jan-Patrick Stolpmann (May 2011). MTV: The (r)evolution & Impact Between 1981 - 1994. GRIN Verlag. p. 3. ISBN 978-3-640-91967-3.
  30. Texas Business Review. Bureau of Business Research. 1981. p. 268.
  31. Tompkins V, Bruccoli M, Baughman J, Layman R, Bondi V, Bargeron E, McConnell T, Tidd, J (1996). American Decades: 1980-1989. Gale Research. p. 583. ISBN 978-0-8103-8881-9.
  32. John Norton Moore; Robert F. Turner (1995). Readings on International Law from the Naval War College Review, 1978-1994. Naval War College. p. 489.
  33. Jacqueline Audrey Kalley; Elna Schoeman; Lydia Eve Andor (1999). Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-313-30247-3.
  34. "Missile is Fired by North Koreans at U.S. Spy Plane Near the DMZ". The New York Times. August 27, 1981.
  35. United Press International (September 14, 1981). "Iranian Says Secretary to Premier Hid Fatal Bomb in Teheran Office". The New York Times. Retrieved March 14, 2017.
  36. Arthur S Banks; William Overstreet; Thomas Muller (April 15, 2008). Political Handbook of the World 2008. CQ Press. p. 1446. ISBN 978-0-87289-528-7.
  37. Shakila Yacob; Nicholas White (May 2011). "The 'Unfinished Business' of Malaysia's Decolonisation: The Origins of the Guthrie 'Dawn Raid'". Modern Asian Studies. 44 (5).
  38. Council of Europe (2004). The Death Penalty: Beyond Abolition. Council of Europe Pub. p. 196. ISBN 9789287153333.
  39. "300 Die as Amazon Boat Sinks". The New York Times. September 20, 1981. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
  40. Michael John Haddrick Taylor (1982). Boeing. Jane's. p. 205. ISBN 978-0-7106-0420-0.
  41. William F. Hickman (1982). Ravaged and Reborn: The Iranian Army, 1982 : a Staff Paper. Brookings Institution. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-8157-3611-0.
  42. Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts: LLBA. Sociological Abstracts, Incorporated. 1985. p. 893.
  43. Amnesty International Report. Amnesty International Publications. 1982. p. 320. ISBN 9780939994021.
  44. Intelligence Digest. Intelligence International Limited. April 1984. p. 20.
  45. Nigel West (2010). Historical Dictionary of Naval Intelligence. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 269. ISBN 978-0-8108-6760-4.
  46. United States. Visa Office (1984). Report of the Visa Office. U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Security and Consular Affairs. p. 43.
  47. Edward H. Lawson; Mary Lou Bertucci (1996). Encyclopedia of Human Rights. Taylor & Francis. p. 990. ISBN 978-1-56032-362-4.
  48. "HISTORY >> Grey Cup >> 1981 | CFL.ca | Official Site of the Canadian Football League". Archived from the original on August 19, 2013. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
  49. "European Severe Weather Database". www.eswd.eu.
  50. Tickler, Peter (1987). The modern mercenary : dog of war, or soldier of honour. Wellingborough, Northamptonshire New York, N.Y: P. Stephens Distributed by Sterling Pub. Co. p. 100. ISBN 9780850598124.
  51. Disasters: A Bibliographic Guide. University of Bradford Disaster Planning and Limitation Unit. 1990. p. 122. ISBN 978-1-85143-049-9.
  52. "Dengue Bulletin 23 - DHF Epidemics in Cuba, 1981 & 1997: Some Interesting Observations". Archived from the original on January 4, 2005. Retrieved May 26, 2005.
  53. "DEA History Book, 1876–1990" (drug usage & enforcement), US Department of Justice, 1991, USDoJ.gov webpage: DoJ-DEA-History-1985-1990.
  54. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 11, 2013. Retrieved July 12, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  55. "Chinese Population Hits 1 Billion".
  56. "Mladen Petrić". National Football Teams. Retrieved May 23, 2021.
    • Career statistics and player information from NFL.com
  57. Stanley, Laura (July 9, 2015). "Deadmau5". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
  58. "Liverpool career stats for El Hadji Diouf - LFChistory - Stats galore for Liverpool FC!". www.lfchistory.net.
  59. Cobo, Leila (January 15, 2015). "Pitbull Celebrates His Birthday at Miami School Event". Billboard. Retrieved August 7, 2015.
  60. 1981 at National-Football-Teams.com
  61. 1981 at National-Football-Teams.com
    • Career statistics and player information from NBA.com
  62. Editors of Chase's (September 30, 2018). Chase's Calendar of Events 2019: The Ultimate Go-to Guide for Special Days, Weeks and Months. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 100. ISBN 978-1-64143-264-1.
  63. Garth Cartwright (October 23, 2007). "Tose Proeski". The Guardian. Retrieved May 16, 2021.
  64. Tracie Ratiner (August 2008). Contemporary Musicians: Profiles of the People in Music. Cengage Gale. p. 2006. ISBN 978-0-7876-8076-3.
  65. "First Team | Yaniv Katan". mhaifafc.com.
  66. "Alicia Molik". WTA. Retrieved May 16, 2021.
  67. "Elijah Wood". BFI. Retrieved March 30, 2022.
  68. "Gemma Collins Facts: Age, Net Worth And Is She Still With Arg?". Capital FM. Retrieved October 18, 2020.
  69. Editors of Chase's (October 27, 2020). Chase's Calendar of Events 2021: The Ultimate Go-to Guide for Special Days, Weeks and Months. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 108. ISBN 978-1-64143-424-9.
  70. 1981FIFA competition record (archived)
  71. "Josh Gad biography". Biography.com. Archived from the original on September 4, 2015. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
  72. Editors of Time Magazine (December 16, 2008). Time: Almanac 2009. Time Home Entertainment, Incorporated. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-60320-042-4.
  73. Park Ji SungFIFA competition record (archived)
  74. Shubham Bhargav (February 24, 2021). "Happy birthday Shahid Kapoor: Bollywood superstar's most amazing family moments". Free Press Journal. Retrieved May 17, 2021.
  75. Editors of Chase's (September 24, 2019). Chase's Calendar of Events 2020: The Ultimate Go-to Guide for Special Days, Weeks and Months. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 148. ISBN 978-1-64143-316-7.
  76. Editors of Chase's (September 24, 2019). Chase's Calendar of Events 2020: The Ultimate Go-to Guide for Special Days, Weeks and Months. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 158. ISBN 978-1-64143-316-7.
  77. Samuel Eto'oFIFA competition record (archived)
  78. "Ведуча телеканалу "Україна" стала обличчям донецького дому моди (ФОТО)" [The presenter of the TV channel "Ukraine" became the face of the Donetsk fashion house (PHOTOS)]. Телекритика. October 9, 2013. Archived from the original on February 4, 2015. Retrieved February 4, 2015.
  79. Фотоекскурсія по новому студійному комплексу "Медіа Група Україна"". Media Group Ukraine. June 9, 2011. Archived from the original on December 31, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2015.
    • Career statistics and player information from NBA.com
  80. Editors of Chase's (September 30, 2018). Chase's Calendar of Events 2019: The Ultimate Go-to Guide for Special Days, Weeks and Months. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 194. ISBN 978-1-64143-264-1.
  81. "Lucas Licht | Gimnasia La Plata | Stats | News | Profile - Yahoo Canada Sports". ca.sports.yahoo.com.
  82. "Venezolanos dedican mensajes a Óscar Pérez, quien cumpliría este sábado 37 años". La Patilla (in Spanish). April 7, 2018. Archived from the original on January 13, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  83. [🖉"Luis Flores Stats". Basketball-Reference.com.
  84. 1981FIFA competition record (archived)
  85. Keith A. P. Sandiford (2008). A Black Studies Primer: Heroes and Heroines of the African Diaspora. Hansib. p. 143. ISBN 978-1-906190-06-4.
  86. Editors of Chase's (September 24, 2019). Chase's Calendar of Events 2020: The Ultimate Go-to Guide for Special Days, Weeks and Months. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 272. ISBN 978-1-64143-316-7.
  87. "Jamie-Lynn Sigler: Biography". TV Guide. Archived from the original on August 3, 2016. Retrieved January 29, 2013.
  88. Devoe, Noelle (September 12, 2017). "Joseph Morgan is Married to One of His "Vampire Diaries" Co-Stars". Seventeen. Retrieved July 2, 2021.
  89. "Olympedia – Logan Tom". www.olympedia.org. Retrieved July 2, 2021.
  90. 1981UEFA competition record (archived)
  91. Anna Kournikova at the Women's Tennis Association
  92. "Famous birthdays for July 18: Vin Diesel, Kristen Bell". United Press International. July 18, 2019. Archived from the original on July 18, 2019. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
  93. 1981FIFA competition record (archived)
  94. Beyza Binnur Dönmez (February 5, 2019). "Profile: Nayib Bukele: Anti-Maduro leader of El Salvador". AA. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
  95. Official website
  96. Phil Davison (May 26, 2017). "Nicky Hayden, obituary: Former MotoGP world champion known as 'the Kentucky kid'". The Independent. Archived from the original on May 1, 2022. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
  97. Cherie D. Abbey (December 2007). Biography Today Annual Cumulation 2007: Profiles of People of Interest to Young Readers. Omnigraphics Incorporated. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-7808-0974-1.
  98. "Scott Lipsky | Overview | ATP Tour | Tennis". ATP Tour.
  99. Editors of Time Magazine (December 16, 2008). Time: Almanac 2009. Time Home Entertainment, Incorporated. p. 38. ISBN 978-1-60320-042-4.
  100. "Julie Gonzalo Biography". TV Guide. November 28, 2012. Archived from the original on October 11, 2015. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  101. Serena Williams at the Women's Tennis Association
  102. "FIFA Club World Cup UAE 2009 presented by Toyota: List of Players" (PDF). FIFA. December 1, 2009. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 29, 2019. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
  103. 1981FIFA competition record (archived)
  104. "Elena Dementieva". WTA. Retrieved May 18, 2021.
  105. 1981FIFA competition record (archived)
  106. Tatiana Totmianina / Maxim Marinin at the International Skating Union
  107. 1981FIFA competition record (archived)
  108. "20 Questions With...Russell Tovey." What's On Stage. 3 January 2006. Accessed 22 March 2011. Archived 2 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  109. McFarlane, Ian (March 31, 2017). "Encyclopedia entry for 'Kate Miller-Heidke'". The Encyclopedia of Australian Rock and Pop. Jenkins, Jeff (Foreword) (2nd ed.). Gisborne, VIC: Third Stone Press (published 2017). p. 317. ISBN 978-0-9953856-0-3.
  110. 1981UEFA competition record (archived)
  111. Chase's Editors; Contemporary Books (September 2002). Chase's Calendar of Events 2003. McGraw-Hill. p. 609. ISBN 978-0-07-139098-9.
  112. 1981FIFA competition record (archived)
  113. Naoreen, Nuzhat (December 7, 2012). "Monitor: Dec. 14, 2012". Entertainment Weekly. No. 1237. p. 26. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
  114. 1981FIFA competition record (archived)
  115. Shizuka Arakawa at the International Skating Union
  116. Cohen, K. P.; Runcorn, S. K.; Suess, H. E.; Thode, H. G. (1983). "Harold Clayton Urey 29 April 1893-5 January 1981". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 29: 622–659. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1983.0022. JSTOR 769815.
  117. Galiana, Ismael (July 1, 1981). "Murió en Murcia el poeta y pacifista Lanza del Vasto: Apóstol de la no violencia" [The poet and pacifist Lanza del Vasto died in Murcia: Apostle of nonviolence] (PDF). ABC (in Spanish). Madrid. p. 24.
  118. "A. J. Cronin, author of 'Citadel' and 'Keys of the Kingdom', dies". New York Times. January 10, 1981. Retrieved May 22, 2021.
  119. Don Michael Randel (1996). The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music. Harvard University Press. p. 459. ISBN 978-0-674-37299-3.
  120. William Hayes (1982). "Max Ludwig Henning Delbruck. 4 September 1906-10 March 1981". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. London: Royal Society. 28: 58–90. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1982.0003. JSTOR 769892.
  121. Philippines. Supreme Court (1988). Supreme Court Reports, Annotated. Central Book Supply, Incorporated. p. 655.
  122. "Norman Taurog, Director, Dies". The New York Times. April 10, 1981. Retrieved September 8, 2012.
  123. Reagan, Ronald (January 1, 1982). Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Ronald Reagan, 1981. Best Books on. p. 343. ISBN 978-1-62376-932-1.
  124. McGowen, Deane (April 13, 1981). "Joe Louis, 66, Heavyweight King Who Reigned 12 Years, Is Dead". The New York Times. Retrieved January 14, 2015.
  125. Josep Miquel Sobrer (1992). Catalonia, a Self-portrait. Indiana University Press. p. 157. ISBN 0-253-28883-5.
  126. Pedersen, Bjørn (September 24, 2019), "Odd Hassel", Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian), retrieved October 23, 2019
  127. Leo Hamalian (1987). William Saroyan: The Man and the Writer Remembered. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-8386-3308-3.
  128. VINSON, Carl
  129. Gabriel Miller (June 5, 2013). William Wyler: The Life and Films of Hollywood's Most Celebrated Director. University Press of Kentucky. p. 394. ISBN 978-0-8131-4211-1.
  130. David Bolchover (2017). The Greatest Comeback: From Genocide To Football Glory; The Story of Béla Guttman
  131. Peterkin, Tom (November 6, 2007). "Christy Brown 'neglected by ex-prostitute wife'". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved November 6, 2007.
  132. Kemmer, N. (1983). "Hideki Yukawa. 23 January 1907 – 8 September 1981". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 29: 660–676. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1983.0023. JSTOR 769816.
  133. "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1975". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
  134. Mott, N. (1982). "Walter Heinrich Heitler. 2 January 1904 – 15 November 1981". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 28: 140–151. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1982.0007. JSTOR 769896.
  135. Kornberg, H.; Williamson, D. H. (1984). "Hans Adolf Krebs. 25 August 1900 – 22 November 1981". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 30: 350–385. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1984.0013. PMID 11616005.
  136. Hickok, Ralph (1995). A who's who of sports champions : their stories and records. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. p. 441. ISBN 9780395681954.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.