March 17

March 17 is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 289 days remain until the end of the year.

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March 17 in recent years
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  2015 (Tuesday)
  2014 (Monday)
  2013 (Sunday)

Events

Pre-1600

1601–1900

  • 1776 American Revolution: The British Army evacuates Boston, ending the Siege of Boston, after George Washington and Henry Knox place artillery in positions overlooking the city.
  • 1805 The Italian Republic, with Napoleon as president, becomes the Kingdom of Italy, with Napoleon as King of Italy.
  • 1824 The Anglo-Dutch Treaty is signed in London, dividing the Malay archipelago. As a result, the Malay Peninsula is dominated by the British, while Sumatra and Java and surrounding areas are dominated by the Dutch.
  • 1860 The First Taranaki War begins in Taranaki, New Zealand, a major phase of the New Zealand Wars.
  • 1861 The Kingdom of Italy is proclaimed.
  • 1862 The first railway line of Finland between cities of Helsinki and Hämeenlinna, called Päärata, is officially opened.[4][5]
  • 1891 SS Utopia collides with HMS Anson in the Bay of Gibraltar and sinks, killing 562 of the 880 passengers on board.[6]

1901–present

Births

Pre-1600

1601–1900

  • 1611 Robert Douglas, Count of Skenninge, Swedish field marshal (d. 1662)
  • 1665 Élisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre, French harpsichord player and composer (d. 1729)[11]
  • 1676 Thomas Boston, Scottish philosopher and theologian (d. 1732)
  • 1686 Jean-Baptiste Oudry, French painter and engraver (d. 1755)
  • 1725 Lachlan McIntosh, Scottish-American general and politician (d. 1806)
  • 1777 Patrick Brontë, Irish-English priest and author (d. 1861)
  • 1777 Roger B. Taney, American politician and jurist, 5th Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1864)
  • 1780 Thomas Chalmers, Scottish minister, economist, and educator (d. 1847)
  • 1781 Ebenezer Elliott, English poet and educator (d. 1849)
  • 1804 Jim Bridger, American fur trader and explorer (d. 1881)
  • 1806 Norbert Rillieux, African American inventor and chemical engineer (d. 1894)
  • 1820 Jean Ingelow, English poet and author (d. 1897)[12]
  • 1834 Gottlieb Daimler, German engineer and businessman, co-founded Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (d. 1900)
  • 1839 Josef Rheinberger, Liechtensteiner-German organist and composer (d. 1901)
  • 1842 Rosina Heikel, Finnish physician (d. 1929)[13]
  • 1846 Kate Greenaway, English author and illustrator (d. 1901)[14]
  • 1849 Charles F. Brush, American businessman and philanthropist, co-invented the Arc lamp (d. 1929)
  • 1849 Cornelia Clapp, American marine biologist (d. 1934)[15]
  • 1856 Mikhail Vrubel, Russian painter (d. 1910)
  • 1862 Martha P. Falconer, American social reformer (d. 1941)[16]
  • 1862 Silvio Gesell, Belgian merchant and economist (d. 1930)
  • 1864 Joseph Baptista, Indian engineer, lawyer, and politician (d. 1930)
  • 1866 Pierce Butler, American lawyer and jurist (d. 1939)
  • 1867 Patrice Contamine de Latour, Spanish poet (d. 1926)
  • 1877 Edith New, English militant suffragette (d. 1951)[17]
  • 1877 Otto Gross, Austrian-German psychoanalyst and philosopher (d. 1920)
  • 1880 Patrick Hastings, English lawyer and politician, Attorney General for England and Wales (d. 1952)
  • 1880 Lawrence Oates, English lieutenant and explorer (d. 1912)
  • 1881 Walter Rudolf Hess, Swiss physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
  • 1884 Alcide Nunez, American clarinet player (d. 1934)
  • 1885 Ralph Rose, American track and field athlete (d. 1913)
  • 1886 Princess Patricia of Connaught (d. 1974)
  • 1888 Paul Ramadier, French lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 1961)
  • 1889 Harry Clarke, Irish stained-glass artist and book illustrator (d. 1931)
  • 1891 Ross McLarty, Australian politician, 17th Premier of Western Australia (d. 1962)[18]
  • 1892 Floyd B. Barnum, American college football coach (d. 1965)[19][20][21][22]
  • 1892 Sayed Darwish, Egyptian singer-songwriter and producer (d. 1923)
  • 1894 Paul Green, American playwright and academic (d. 1981)
  • 1895 Lloyd Rees, Australian painter (d. 1988)
  • 1900 Alfred Newman, American composer and conductor (d. 1970)

1901–present

  • 1902 Bobby Jones, American golfer and lawyer (d. 1971)
  • 1904 Chaim Gross, Austrian-American sculptor and educator (d. 1991)
  • 1905 Lillian Yarbo, American comedienne, dancer, and singer (d. 1996)[23]
  • 1908 Brigitte Helm, German-Swiss actress (d. 1996)
  • 1907 Jean Van Houtte, Belgian academic and politician, 50th Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 1991)
  • 1907 Takeo Miki, Japanese politician, 41st Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1988)
  • 1910 Sonny Werblin, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1991)
  • 1912 Bayard Rustin, American activist (d. 1987)
  • 1914 Sammy Baugh, American football player and coach (d. 2008)
  • 1915 Robert S. Arbib Jr., American ornithologist, writer and conservationist (d. 1987)
  • 1915 Bill Roycroft, Australian equestrian rider (d. 2011)
  • 1916 Ray Ellington, English drummer and bandleader (d. 1985)
  • 1919 Nat King Cole, American singer, pianist, and television host (d. 1965)
  • 1920 Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Bangladeshi politician, 1st President of Bangladesh (d. 1975)
  • 1921 Meir Amit, Israeli general and politician, 12th Israeli Minister of Communications (d. 2009)
  • 1922 Patrick Suppes, American psychologist and philosopher (d. 2014)
  • 1924 Stephen Dodgson, English composer and educator (d. 2013)
  • 1925 Gabriele Ferzetti, Italian actor (d. 2015)
  • 1926 Siegfried Lenz, Polish-German author and playwright (d. 2014)
  • 1927 Betty Allen, American soprano and educator (d. 2009)
  • 1928 William John McKeag, Canadian businessman and politician, 17th Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba (d. 2007)
  • 1930 Paul Horn, American-Canadian flute player and saxophonist (d. 2014)
  • 1930 James Irwin, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut (d. 1991)
  • 1931 Patricia Breslin, American actress (d. 2011)
  • 1931 David Peakall, English-American chemist and toxicologist (d. 2001)
  • 1933 Myrlie Evers-Williams, American journalist and activist
  • 1933 Penelope Lively, English author
  • 1935 Fred T. Mackenzie, American biologist and academic
  • 1935 Adam Wade, American singer, drummer, and actor
  • 1936 Ida Kleijnen, Dutch chef (d. 2019)[24]
  • 1936 Ladislav Kupkovič, Slovakian composer and conductor (d. 2016)
  • 1936 Ken Mattingly, American admiral, pilot, and astronaut
  • 1937 Galina Samsova, Russian ballerina
  • 1938 Rudolf Nureyev, Russian-French dancer and choreographer (d. 1993)
  • 1938 Keith O'Brien, Northern Ireland-born Scottish cleric, theologian, and cardinal (d. 2018)
  • 1938 Zola Taylor, American singer (d. 2007)
  • 1939 Jim Gary, American sculptor (d. 2006)
  • 1939 Bill Graham, Canadian academic and politician, 4th Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs
  • 1939 Robin Knox-Johnston, English sailor and first person to perform a single-handed non-stop circumnavigation of the globe
  • 1939 Giovanni Trapattoni, Italian footballer and manager
  • 1940 Mark White, American lawyer and politician, 43rd Governor of Texas (d. 2017)
  • 1941 Wang Jin-pyng, Taiwanese soldier and politician
  • 1941 Paul Kantner, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2016)
  • 1941 Max Stafford-Clark, English director and academic
  • 1942 John Wayne Gacy, American serial killer and rapist (d. 1994)
  • 1943 Jeff Banks, Welsh fashion designer
  • 1943 Andrew Brook, Canadian philosopher, author, and academic
  • 1944 Pattie Boyd, English model, author, and photographer
  • 1944 Cito Gaston, American baseball player and manager
  • 1944 John Sebastian, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1945 Michael Hayden, American general, 20th Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
  • 1947 Dennis Bond, English footballer, midfielder[25]
  • 1947 Yury Chernavsky, Russian-American songwriter and producer
  • 1948 William Gibson, American-Canadian author and screenwriter
  • 1948 Alex MacDonald, Scottish footballer and manager
  • 1949 Patrick Duffy, American actor, director, and producer
  • 1949 Pat Rice, Irish footballer and coach
  • 1949 Stuart Rose, English businessman
  • 1951 Scott Gorham, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1951 Craig Ramsay, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
  • 1951 Kurt Russell, American actor and producer
  • 1952 Barry Horne, English activist (d. 2001)
  • 1953 Filemon Lagman, Filipino activist (d. 2001)
  • 1953 Chuck Muncie, American football player (d. 2013)
  • 1954 Lesley-Anne Down, English actress
  • 1955 Cynthia McKinney, American activist and politician
  • 1955 Paul Overstreet, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1955 Gary Sinise, American actor, director, and bass player
  • 1956 Patrick McDonnell, American author and illustrator
  • 1956 Rory McGrath, British comedian, television personality, and writer
  • 1957 Michael Kelly, American journalist and author (d. 2003)
  • 1958 Christian Clemenson, American actor
  • 1959 Danny Ainge, American baseball and basketball player
  • 1959 Paul Black, American singer-songwriter and drummer
  • 1960 Arye Gross, American actor
  • 1960 Vicki Lewis, American actress and singer
  • 1961 Sam Bowie, American basketball player
  • 1961 Dana Reeve, American actress, singer, and activist (d. 2006)
  • 1961 Casey Siemaszko, American actor
  • 1962 Carsten Almqvist, Swedish business executive
  • 1962 Ank Bijleveld, Dutch politician
  • 1962 Janet Gardner, American singer and guitarist
  • 1962 Clare Grogan, Scottish singer and actress
  • 1962 Rob Sitch, Australian actor, director, and producer
  • 1963 Roger Harper, Guyanese cricketer and coach
  • 1964 Stefano Borgonovo, Italian footballer (d. 2013)
  • 1964 Lee Dixon, English footballer and journalist
  • 1964 Rob Lowe, American actor and producer
  • 1964 Jacques Songo'o, Cameroonian footballer and coach
  • 1965 Andrew Hudson, South African cricketer
  • 1966 Andrew Rosindell, English journalist and politician
  • 1967 Jason Alchin, Australian rugby league player
  • 1967 Billy Corgan, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, pianist, and producer
  • 1967 Barry Minkow, American pastor and businessman
  • 1968 Eri Nitta, Japanese singer-songwriter and actress
  • 1968 Mathew St. Patrick, American actor and producer
  • 1969 Edgar Grospiron, French skier
  • 1969 Alexander McQueen, English fashion designer, founded own eponymous brand (d. 2010)
  • 1970 Patrick Lebeau, Canadian ice hockey player
  • 1970 Gene Ween, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1970 Darren Kenny, British Paralympic cyclist[26]
  • 1971 Bill Mueller, American baseball player and coach
  • 1972 Melissa Auf der Maur, Canadian-American singer-songwriter and bass player
  • 1972 Torquil Campbell, English-Canadian singer-songwriter and actor
  • 1972 Mia Hamm, American soccer player
  • 1973 Rico Blanco, Filipino singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor
  • 1973 Caroline Corr, Irish singer and drummer
  • 1973 Vance Wilson, American baseball player and manager
  • 1974 Mark Dolan, English comedian and television host
  • 1975 Justin Hawkins, English singer-songwriter
  • 1975 Puneeth Rajkumar, Indian actor, singer, and producer
  • 1975 Test, Canadian-American wrestler (d. 2009)
  • 1975 Natalie Zea, American actress
  • 1976 Scott Downs, American baseball player
  • 1976 Stephen Gately, Irish singer-songwriter and actor (d. 2009)
  • 1976 Álvaro Recoba, Uruguayan footballer
  • 1977 Tamar Braxton, American singer-songwriter and actress
  • 1978 Zachery Kouwe, American journalist
  • 1979 Stormy Daniels (born Stephanie Gregory), American adult film actress
  • 1979 Andrew Ference, Canadian ice hockey player
  • 1979 Stephen Kramer Glickman, Canadian-American actor, director, producer, and fashion designer
  • 1979 Mineko Nomachi, Japanese essayist
  • 1979 Samoa Joe, American professional wrestler
  • 1980 Danny Califf, American soccer player
  • 1980 Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi, Pakistani tennis player
  • 1981 Aaron Baddeley, American-Australian golfer
  • 1981 Servet Çetin, Turkish footballer
  • 1981 Kyle Korver, American basketball player
  • 1981 Nicky Jam, American-Puerto-Rican singer and songwriter[27]
  • 1982 Steven Pienaar, South African footballer
  • 1983 James Heath, English golfer
  • 1983 Raul Meireles, Portuguese footballer
  • 1983 Attila Vajda, Hungarian sprint canoeist[28]
  • 1984 Ryan Rottman, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
  • 1985 Tuğba Karademir, Turkish-Canadian figure skater
  • 1986 Chris Davis, American baseball player
  • 1986 Edin Džeko, Bosnian footballer
  • 1986 Miles Kane, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
  • 1986 Silke Spiegelburg, German pole vaulter
  • 1987 Federico Fazio, Argentinian international footballer[29]
  • 1987 Krisnan Inu, New Zealand rugby league player
  • 1987 Ryan Parent, Canadian ice hockey player
  • 1987 Bobby Ryan, American ice hockey player
  • 1987 Emmanuel Sanders, American football player[30]
  • 1988 Rasmus Elm, Swedish footballer
  • 1988 Fraser Forster, English footballer
  • 1988 Grimes, Canadian artist, musician and music video director
  • 1988 Ryan White, Canadian ice hockey player
  • 1989 Shinji Kagawa, Japanese footballer
  • 1990 Hozier, Irish singer-songwriter and musician
  • 1990 Saina Nehwal, Indian badminton player
  • 1991 Jack De Belin, Australian rugby league player
  • 1992 Patrick Cantlay, American golfer
  • 1992 John Boyega, English actor
  • 1993 Matteo Bianchetti, Italian footballer
  • 1994 Dean Britt, Australian rugby league player
  • 1995 Ashley Taylor, Australian rugby league player
  • 1997 Katie Ledecky, American swimmer

Deaths

Pre-1600

  • 45 BC Titus Labienus, Roman general (b. 100 BC)
  • 45 BC Publius Attius Varus, Roman governor of Africa
  • 180 Marcus Aurelius, Roman emperor (b. 121)
  • 624 Amr ibn Hishām, Arab polytheist
  • 659 Gertrude of Nivelles, Frankish abbess
  • 836 Haito, bishop of Basel
  • 905 Li Yu, Prince of De, prince and emperor of the Tang Dynasty
  • 1008 Kazan, emperor of Japan (b. 968)
  • 1040 Harold Harefoot, king of England[31]
  • 1058 Lulach, king of Scotland
  • 1199 Jocelin of Glasgow, Scottish monk and bishop (b. 1130)
  • 1267 Pierre de Montreuil, French architect
  • 1270 Philip of Montfort, French knight and nobleman
  • 1272 Go-Saga, emperor of Japan (b. 1220)
  • 1361 An-Nasir Hasan, Mamluk sultan of Egypt
  • 1394 Louis of Enghien, French nobleman
  • 1406 Ibn Khaldun, Tunisian sociologist, historian, and scholar (b. 1332)
  • 1425 Ashikaga Yoshikazu, Japanese shōgun (b. 1407)
  • 1516 Giuliano de' Medici, Italian nobleman (b. 1479)
  • 1527 Rana Sanga, Indian ruler (b. 1482)
  • 1565 Alexander Ales, Scottish theologian and academic (b. 1500)

1601–1900

  • 1611 Sophia of Sweden, duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg (b. 1547)
  • 1620 John Sarkander, Polish-Moravian priest and saint (b. 1576)
  • 1640 Philip Massinger, English playwright (b. 1583)
  • 1649 Gabriel Lalemant, French missionary and saint (b. 1610)
  • 1663 Jerome Weston, 2nd Earl of Portland, English diplomat (b. 1605)
  • 1680 François de La Rochefoucauld, French author (b. 1613)
  • 1704 Menno van Coehoorn, Dutch soldier and engineer (b. 1641)
  • 1715 Gilbert Burnet, Scottish bishop and historian (b. 1643)
  • 1741 Jean-Baptiste Rousseau, French poet and playwright (b. 1671)
  • 1764 George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield, English astronomer and politician (b. 1695)
  • 1782 Daniel Bernoulli, Dutch-Swiss mathematician and physicist (b. 1700)
  • 1828 James Edward Smith, English botanist and entomologist (b. 1759)
  • 1829 Sophia Albertina, princess-abbess of Quedlinburg (b. 1753)
  • 1830 Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr, French general and politician (b. 1764)
  • 1846 Friedrich Bessel, German astronomer, mathematician, and physicist (b. 1784)
  • 1849 William II, Dutch sovereign prince and king (b. 1792)
  • 1853 Christian Doppler, Austrian physicist and mathematician (b. 1803)
  • 1871 Robert Chambers, Scottish geologist and publisher, co-founded Chambers Harrap (b. 1802)
  • 1875 Ferdinand Laub, Czech violinist and composer (b. 1832)
  • 1893 Jules Ferry, French lawyer and politician, 44th Prime Minister of France (b. 1832)

1901–present

  • 1917 Franz Brentano, German philosopher and psychologist (b. 1838)
  • 1926 Aleksei Brusilov, Georgian-Russian general (b. 1853)
  • 1940 Philomène Belliveau, Canadian artist (b. 1854)
  • 1946 Dai Li, Chinese general (b. 1897)
  • 1949 Aleksandra Ekster, Russian-French painter and set designer (b. 1882)
  • 1956 Fred Allen, American actor, comedian, screenwriter, and author (b. 1894)
  • 1956 Irène Joliot-Curie, French physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)
  • 1957 Ramon Magsaysay, Filipino captain and politician, 7th President of the Philippines (b. 1907)
  • 1958 John Pius Boland, Irish tennis player and politician (b. 1870)
  • 1958 Bertha De Vriese, Belgian physician (b. 1877)
  • 1961 Susanna M. Salter, American activist and politician (b. 1860)
  • 1965 Amos Alonzo Stagg, American football player and coach (b. 1862)
  • 1974 Louis Kahn, American architect and academic, designed Jatiyo Sangsad Bhaban (b. 1901)
  • 1976 Luchino Visconti, Italian director and screenwriter (b. 1906)
  • 1981 Paul Dean, American baseball player (b. 1913)
  • 1983 Haldan Keffer Hartline, American physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1903)
  • 1983 Louisa E. Rhine, American botanist and parapsychologist (b. 1891)
  • 1986 Clarence D. Lester, African-American fighter pilot (b.1923)
  • 1990 Capucine, French model and actress (b. 1928)
  • 1990 Dinkar G. Kelkar, Indian art collector (b. 1896)[32]
  • 1992 Grace Stafford, American actress (b. 1903)
  • 1993 Helen Hayes, American actress (b. 1900)
  • 1994 Charlotte Auerbach, German-Jewish Scottish folklorist, geneticist, and zoologist (b. 1899)[33]
  • 1994 Mai Zetterling, Swedish-English actress and director (b. 1925)
  • 1995 Sunnyland Slim, American blues pianist (b. 1906)
  • 1996 René Clément, French director and screenwriter (b. 1913)
  • 1996 Terry Stafford, American singer-songwriter (b. 1941)
  • 1997 Jermaine Stewart, American singer-songwriter and dancer (b. 1957)
  • 1999 Ernest Gold, Austrian-American composer (b. 1921)
  • 1999 Jean Pierre-Bloch, French activist (b. 1905)
  • 2002 Rosetta LeNoire, American actress and producer (b. 1911)
  • 2002 Văn Tiến Dũng, Vietnamese general and politician, 6th Minister of Defence for Vietnam (b. 1917)
  • 2002 Sylvester "Pat" Weaver, American television broadcaster and producer (b. 1908)
  • 2005 Royce Frith, Canadian lawyer, politician, and diplomat, Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom (b. 1923)
  • 2005 George F. Kennan, American historian and diplomat, United States Ambassador to the Soviet Union (b. 1904)
  • 2005 Andre Norton, American author (b. 1912)
  • 2006 Oleg Cassini, French-American fashion designer (b. 1913)
  • 2006 Ray Meyer, American basketball player and coach (b. 1913)
  • 2006 İstemihan Taviloğlu, Turkish composer and educator (b. 1945)
  • 2007 John Backus, American mathematician and computer scientist, designed Fortran (b. 1924)
  • 2008 Roland Arnall, French-American businessman and diplomat, 63rd United States Ambassador to the Netherlands (b. 1939)
  • 2009 Clodovil Hernandes, Brazilian television host and politician (b. 1937)
  • 2010 Alex Chilton, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1950)
  • 2010 Sid Fleischman, American author and screenwriter (b. 1920)[34]
  • 2011 Michael Gough, English actor (b. 1916)
  • 2011 Ferlin Husky, American country music singer (b. 1925)
  • 2012 Shenouda III, pope of Alexandria (b. 1923)
  • 2012 Margaret Whitlam, Australian swimmer and author (b. 1919)
  • 2013 William B. Caldwell III, American general (b. 1925)
  • 2013 Lawrence Fuchs, American scholar and academic (b. 1927)
  • 2013 A.B.C. Whipple, American journalist and historian (b. 1918)
  • 2014 Marek Galiński, Polish cyclist (b. 1974)
  • 2014 Joseph Kerman, American musicologist and critic (b. 1924)
  • 2014 Rachel Lambert Mellon, American gardener, philanthropist, art collector and political patron (b. 1910)
  • 2015 Frank Perris, Canadian motorcycle racer (b. 1931)
  • 2016 Meir Dagan, Israeli general (b. 1945)
  • 2016 Zoltán Kamondi, Hungarian director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1960)
  • 2018 Mike MacDonald, Canadian comedian (b. 1954)
  • 2018 Phan Văn Khải, the fifth Prime Minister of Vietnam (b. 1933)
  • 2021 John Magufuli, the fifth President of Tanzania (b. 1959)

Holidays and observances

References

  1. William E. Dunstan (16 November 2010). Ancient Rome. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 397. ISBN 978-0-7425-6834-1.
  2. Philip Grierson; Melinda Mays (1992). Catalogue of Late Roman Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection: From Arcadius and Honorius to the Accession of Anastasius. Dumbarton Oaks. p. 247. ISBN 978-0-88402-193-3.
  3. Ibn Khaldun 1952, p. 97.
  4. Neil Kent: Helsinki: A Cultural History, p. 18. Interlink Books, 2014. ISBN 978-1566565448.
  5. "Tulihevonen saapui ensi kerran Hämeenlinnaan 150 vuotta sitten" [The "fire horse" arrived first time in Hämeenlinna 150 years ago]. Yle Häme (in Finnish). Yle. January 31, 2012. Retrieved September 29, 2021.
  6. "Flashback in maritime history: SS Utopia collision with HMS Anson and sinking on 17 March 1891 – 562 fatalities". maritimecyprus.com. Maritime Cyprus. 17 March 2018.
  7. Lawrence S. Kaplan (January 2019). "Origins of NATO: 1948–1949". Emory International Law Review. 34: 11. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  8. Glenn Theodore Seaborg (1990). Journal of Glenn T. Seaborg, 1946-1958: January 1, 1950-December 31, 1950. Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California. p. 80.
  9. "Vanguard 1". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  10. "Syria's Kurds declare de-facto federal region in north". Associated Press. 17 March 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
  11. Hopkins Porter, Cecelia (2014). Five Lives in Music: Women Performers, Composers, and Impresarios from the Baroque to the Present. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-25208-009-8.
  12. Shattock 1993, p. 225.
  13. Bernce, Arvid (1981). Efter 1809 en Krönika i ord och bild om Finlandssvenskarna (in Swedish). Helsingfors: Bernces förlag. p. 2003. ISBN 978-9-15000-408-3.
  14. Shattock 1993, p. 189.
  15. Reynolds, Moira Davison (2004). American Women Scientists: 23 Inspiring Biographies, 1900-2000. Jefferson NC: McFarland. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-78642-161-9.
  16. U.S. Passport Applications, 1795-1925
  17. Bevan, Frances (2019), "New, Edith Bessie", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford: Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.56249, ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8, retrieved 6 March 2021
  18. Duncan Ross McLarty (Liberal) 1 April 1947 to 23 February 1953 Constitutional Centre of Western Australia
  19. Staff (September 15, 1921). "Jamestown College Fall Semester Begins Sept. 20". Jamestown Weekly Alert. Retrieved April 9, 2021.
  20. Staff (September 24, 1921). "27 Men Are Out at Jamestown". The Bismarck Tribune. Retrieved April 9, 2021.
  21. Staff (October 8, 1921). "Jamestown Will Play Here Today". Grand Forks Herald. Retrieved April 9, 2021.
  22. United States Social Security Death Index. FamilySearch. Retrieved April 9, 2021.
  23. Smallwood, Bill. "Delightful Side". Los Angeles Sentinel. March 6, 1947. Page 17.
  24. "IN MEMORIAM Ida Kleijnen (1936-2019)". Chapeau Magazine (in Dutch). 17 January 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  25. "Midfielders Dennis Bond". watfordfc.com. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  26. "Darren Kenny: Rider Profile". 11 February 2020. Retrieved 18 Dec 2020.
  27. Carter, Brooke (April 24, 2017). "Nicky Jam Net Worth 2018 - How Wealthy is the Puerto Rican Superstar?".
  28. "Attila Vajda". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  29. "Federico Fazio". soccerbase.com. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  30. "Emmanuel Sanders". NFL.com. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  31. "Harold I | king of England". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  32. Kelkar, B. S.; Kelkar, G. R.; Kelkar, Y. S. (1993). Kelkar Kulavruttanta. Thane: Yashodeep Typesetting. pp. 82, 83.
  33. Haines, Catharine M. C. (2001). International Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary to 1950. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-57607-090-1.
  34. Fox, Margalit (24 March 2010). "Sid Fleischman, Children's Author, Dies at 90". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 October 2021.

Bibliography

  • Ibn Khaldun (1952). Ibn Khaldūn and Tamerlane: Their Historic Meeting in Damascus, 1401 A.d. (803 A. H.) A Study Based on Arabic Manuscripts of Ibn Khaldūn's "Autobiography,". Translated by Walter Joseph Fischel. University of California Press.
  • Shattock, Joanne (1993). The Oxford Guide to British Women Writers. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19214-176-7.
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