March 7

March 7 is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 299 days remain until the end of the year.

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2022
March 7 in recent years
  2022 (Monday)
  2021 (Sunday)
  2020 (Saturday)
  2019 (Thursday)
  2018 (Wednesday)
  2017 (Tuesday)
  2016 (Monday)
  2015 (Saturday)
  2014 (Friday)
  2013 (Thursday)

Events

Pre-1600

  • 161 Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius.[1]
  • 1138 Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Coblenz in the presence of the papal legate Theodwin.[2]
  • 1277 The University of Paris issues the last in a series of condemnations of various philosophical and theological theses.
  • 1573 A peace treaty is signed between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice, ending the Ottoman–Venetian War and leaving Cyprus in Ottoman hands.

1601–1900

1901–present

Births

Pre-1600

  • 189 Publius Septimius Geta, Roman emperor (d. 211)[7]
  • 942 Mu'ayyad al-Dawla, Buyid emir (d. 983)
  • 1437 Anna of Saxony, Electress of Brandenburg (d. 1512)
  • 1481 Baldassare Peruzzi, Italian architect and painter (d. 1537)
  • 1482 Fray Thomas de San Martín, Roman Catholic prelate and bishop (d. 1555)
  • 1543 John Casimir of the Palatinate-Simmern, German prince and reigning count palatine of Simmern (d. 1592)
  • 1556 Guillaume du Vair, French lawyer and author (d. 1621)[8]

1601–1900

  • 1671 Rob Roy MacGregor, Scottish outlaw (d. 1734)[9]
  • 1678 Filippo Juvarra, Italian architect, designed the Basilica of Superga (d. 1736)
  • 1693 Clement XIII, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1769)
  • 1715 Ewald Christian von Kleist, German soldier and poet (d. 1759)
  • 1723 Prince Vittorio Amedeo Theodore of Savoy (d. 1725)
  • 1730 Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, French soldier and politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 1807)
  • 1765 Nicéphore Niépce, French inventor, invented photography (d. 1833)
  • 1785 Alessandro Manzoni, Italian author and poet (d. 1873)
  • 1788 Antoine César Becquerel, French physicist and biochemist (d. 1878)
  • 1792 John Herschel, English mathematician and astronomer (d. 1871)
  • 1811 Increase A. Lapham, American botanist and author (d. 1875)
  • 1837 Henry Draper, American physician and astronomer (d. 1882)
  • 1839 Ludwig Mond, German-born chemist and British industrialist who discovered the metal carbonyls (d. 1909)
  • 1841 William Rockhill Nelson, American businessman and publisher, founded The Kansas City Star (d. 1915)
  • 1843 Marriott Henry Brosius, American senator (d. 1901)
  • 1849 Luther Burbank, American botanist and author (d. 1926)
  • 1850 Champ Clark, American lawyer and politician, 41st Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1921)
  • 1850 Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, Austrian-Czech sociologist and politician, 1st President of Czechoslovakia (d. 1937)
  • 1857 Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Austrian physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1940)
  • 1872 Piet Mondrian, Dutch-American painter (d. 1944)
  • 1873 Madame Sul-Te-Wan, American actress (d. 1959)
  • 1875 Maurice Ravel, French pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1937)
  • 1878 Boris Kustodiev, Russian painter and stage designer (d. 1927)
  • 1885 Milton Avery, American painter (d. 1965)
  • 1885 John Tovey, 1st Baron Tovey, English admiral (d. 1971)
  • 1886 Virginia Pearson, American actress (d. 1958)
  • 1886 G. I. Taylor, English mathematician and physicist (d. 1975)
  • 1886 Wilson Dallam Wallis, American anthropologist (d. 1970)
  • 1888 William L. Laurence, Lithuanian-American journalist and author (d. 1977)
  • 1888 Alidius Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer, Dutch lawyer and politician, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (d. 1978)
  • 1894 Ana María O'Neill, Puerto Rican scholar and activist (d. 1981)
  • 1895 Dorothy de Rothschild, English philanthropist and activist (d. 1988)

1901–present

  • 1902 Heinz Rühmann, German actor (d. 1994)
  • 1903 Maud Lewis, Canadian folk artist (d. 1970)
  • 1904 Ivar Ballangrud, Norwegian speed skater (d. 1969)
  • 1904 Reinhard Heydrich, German SS officer (d. 1942)
  • 1904 Kurt Weitzmann, German-American historian and author (d. 1993)[10]
  • 1908 Anna Magnani, Italian actress (d. 1973)
  • 1910 Will Glickman, American playwright (d. 1983)
  • 1911 Sachchidananda Vatsyayan, Indian modern poet, journalist and author (d. 1987)
  • 1911 Stefan Kisielewski, Polish libertarian writer and politician (d. 1991)
  • 1912 Adile Ayda, Turkish engineer and diplomat (d. 1992)
  • 1913 Dollard Ménard, Canadian general (d. 1997)
  • 1915 Jacques Chaban-Delmas, French general and politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 2000)
  • 1917 Janet Collins, American ballerina and choreographer (d. 2003)
  • 1917 Betty Holberton, American engineer and programmer (d. 2001)
  • 1922 Olga Ladyzhenskaya, Russian mathematician and academic (d. 2004)[11]
  • 1922 Mochtar Lubis, Indonesian journalist and author (d. 2004)
  • 1922 Peter Murphy, English footballer (d. 1975)[12]
  • 1922 Andy Phillip, American basketball player and coach (d. 2001)[13]
  • 1924 Morton Bard, American psychologist (d. 1997)
  • 1924 Bill Boedeker, American football player (d. 2014)
  • 1925 Rene Gagnon, American soldier (d. 1979)
  • 1925 Richard Vernon, British actor (d. 1997)
  • 1927 James Broderick, American actor and director (d. 1982)
  • 1929 Dan Jacobson, South African-English author and critic (d. 2014)
  • 1930 Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon, English photographer and politician (d. 2017)
  • 1930 Robert Trotter, Scottish actor and photographer (d. 2013)
  • 1933 Jackie Blanchflower, Northern Irish footballer and accountant (d. 1998)
  • 1933 Ed Bouchee, American baseball player (d. 2013)
  • 1934 Willard Scott, American television personality and actor (d. 2021)
  • 1936 Florentino Fernández, Cuban-American boxer and coach (d. 2013)
  • 1936 Georges Perec, French author and screenwriter (d. 1982)
  • 1938 David Baltimore, American biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
  • 1938 Janet Guthrie, American professional race car driver, first woman to qualify and compete in both the Indianapolis 500 and the Daytona 500 [14][15]
  • 1939 Danyel Gérard, French singer-songwriter
  • 1940 Daniel J. Travanti, American actor
  • 1941 Piers Paul Read, English historian and author
  • 1942 Michael Eisner, American businessman
  • 1942 Tammy Faye Messner, American evangelist, television personality, and talk show host (d. 2007)
  • 1943 Chris White, English singer-songwriter and bass player
  • 1944 Ranulph Fiennes, English soldier and explorer
  • 1944 Townes Van Zandt, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1997)
  • 1945 Bob Herbert, American journalist
  • 1945 Arthur Lee, American singer-songwriter and musician (d. 2006)
  • 1945 Elizabeth Moon, American lieutenant and author
  • 1946 John Heard, American actor and producer (d. 2017)[16]
  • 1947 Helen Eadie, Scottish politician (d. 2013)[17]
  • 1947 Walter Röhrl, German race car driver
  • 1949 Ghulam Nabi Azad, Indian politician, Indian Minister of Health and Family Welfare
  • 1950 Billy Joe DuPree, American football player
  • 1950 Franco Harris, American football player and businessman
  • 1950 J. R. Richard, American baseball player and minister (d. 2021)[18]
  • 1952 William Boyd, Ghanaian-English author and screenwriter
  • 1952 Ernie Isley, American guitarist and songwriter
  • 1952 Viv Richards, Antiguan cricketer and footballer
  • 1952 Lynn Swann, American football player, sportscaster, and politician
  • 1954 Eva Brunne, Swedish bishop
  • 1955 Tommy Kramer, American football player
  • 1956 Bryan Cranston, American actor, director, and producer[19]
  • 1956 Andrea Levy, English author (d. 2019)
  • 1957 Robert Harris, English journalist and author[19]
  • 1957 Mark Richards, Australian surfer
  • 1957 Tomás Yarrington, Mexican economist and politician, Governor of Tamaulipas
  • 1958 Rick Bass, American author and environmentalist
  • 1958 Rik Mayall, English comedian, actor, and screenwriter (d. 2014)[20]
  • 1958 Merv Neagle, Australian footballer and coach (d. 2012)
  • 1959 Tom Lehman, American golfer
  • 1959 Donna Murphy, American actress and singer
  • 1960 Joe Carter, American baseball player and sportscaster
  • 1960 Ivan Lendl, Czech tennis player and coach[19]
  • 1960 Jim Spivey, American runner and coach
  • 1961 David Rutley, English businessman and politician
  • 1961 Nicolas Dupont-Aignan, French politician
  • 1962 Taylor Dayne, American singer-songwriter and actress[19]
  • 1963 Mike Eagles, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
  • 1963 E. L. James, English author
  • 1964 Bret Easton Ellis, American author and screenwriter
  • 1964 Wanda Sykes, American comedian, actress, and screenwriter
  • 1965 Steve Beuerlein, American football player and sportscaster
  • 1965 Jesper Parnevik, Swedish golfer
  • 1966 Terry Carkner, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
  • 1966 Tony Daly, Australian rugby player
  • 1967 Muhsin al-Ramli, Iraqi author, poet, translator, and academic
  • 1967 Ruthie Henshall, English actress, singer, and dancer
  • 1967 Ai Yazawa, Japanese author and illustrator
  • 1968 Jeff Kent, American baseball player
  • 1969 Massimo Lotti, Italian footballer
  • 1969 Hideki Noda, Japanese race car driver
  • 1970 Rachel Weisz, English-American actress and producer
  • 1971 Tal Banin, Israeli footballer and manager[21]
  • 1971 Peter Sarsgaard, American actor
  • 1971 Matthew Vaughn, English director, producer, and screenwriter
  • 1972 Craig Polla-Mounter, Australian rugby league player
  • 1973 Jason Bright, Australian race car driver
  • 1973 Sébastien Izambard, French tenor and producer
  • 1973 Işın Karaca, English-Turkish singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
  • 1974 Jenna Fischer, American actress
  • 1974 Facundo Sava, Argentinian footballer and manager
  • 1977 Ronan O'Gara, Irish rugby player and coach
  • 1977 Paul Cattermole, British singer and actor
  • 1978 Jaqueline Jesus, Brazilian psychologist and activist
  • 1979 Rodrigo Braña, Argentinian footballer
  • 1979 Amanda Somerville, American singer-songwriter
  • 1980 Murat Boz, Turkish singer-songwriter
  • 1980 Eric Godard, Canadian ice hockey player
  • 1980 Laura Prepon, American actress[19]
  • 1981 Brent Kite, Australian rugby league player[22]
  • 1983 Manucho, Angolan footballer
  • 1983 Sebastián Viera, Uruguayan footballer
  • 1984 Steve Burtt Jr., American-Ukrainian basketball player[23]
  • 1984 Mathieu Flamini, French footballer
  • 1984 Jacob Lillyman, Australian rugby league player[24]
  • 1984 Lindsay McCaul, American singer-songwriter
  • 1985 Andre Fluellen, American football player
  • 1985 Cameron Prosser, Australian swimmer
  • 1985 Gerwyn Price, Welsh darts player
  • 1986 Ben Griffin, Australian footballer
  • 1987 Hatem Ben Arfa, French footballer
  • 1987 Niclas Bergfors, Swedish ice hockey player
  • 1988 Larry Asante, American football player
  • 1991 Michele Rigione, Italian footballer
  • 1994 Chase Kalisz, American swimmer[25]
  • 1994 Jordan Pickford, English footballer
  • 1995 Jerome Binnom-Williams, English footballer
  • 1995 Aboubakar Kamara, French footballer[26]
  • 1996 Liam Donnelly, Northern Irish footballer
  • 1998 Amanda Gorman, American poet and activist[27]

Deaths

Pre-1600

  • 161 Antoninus Pius, Roman emperor (b. 86)[28]
  • 413 Heraclianus, Roman politician and failed usurper
  • 851 Nominoe, King (or duke) of Brittany
  • 974 John of Gorze, Frankish abbot and diplomat
  • 1226 William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, English commander (b. 1176)
  • 1274 Saint Thomas Aquinas, Italian priest and philosopher (b. 1225)
  • 1393 Bogislaw VI, Duke of Pomerania (b.c. 1350)
  • 1407 Francesco I Gonzaga, ruler of Mantua
  • 1517 Maria of Aragon, Queen of Portugal (b. 1482)
  • 1550 William IV, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1493)
  • 1578 Margaret Douglas, English daughter of Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus (b. 1515)

1601–1900

  • 1625 Johann Bayer, German lawyer and cartographer (b. 1572)
  • 1724 Pope Innocent XIII (b. 1655)[29]
  • 1767 Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville, Canadian politician, 2nd Colonial Governor of Louisiana (b. 1680)
  • 1778 Charles De Geer, Swedish entomologist and archaeologist (b. 1720)
  • 1809 Jean-Pierre Blanchard, French inventor, best known as a pioneer in balloon flight (b. 1753)
  • 1810 Cuthbert Collingwood, 1st Baron Collingwood, English admiral (b. 1750)
  • 1838 Robert Townsend, American spy (b. 1753)
  • 1897 Harriet Ann Jacobs, African American Abolitionist and author (b. 1813)[30]

1901–present

  • 1904 Ferdinand André Fouqué, French geologist and petrologist (b. 1828)
  • 1913 Pauline Johnson, Canadian poet and author (b. 1861)
  • 1920 Jaan Poska, Estonian lawyer and politician, 1st Estonian Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1866)
  • 1928 Robert Abbe, American surgeon and radiologist (b. 1851)
  • 1931 Akseli Gallen-Kallela, Finnish artist (b. 1865)[31]
  • 1932 Aristide Briand, French journalist and politician, Prime Minister of France, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1862)
  • 1934 Ernst Enno, Estonian poet and author (b. 1875)
  • 1938 Andreas Michalakopoulos, Greek politician, 116th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1876)
  • 1947 Lucy Parsons, American communist anarchist labor organizer (b. c 1853)
  • 1949 Bradbury Robinson, American football player, physician, and politician (b. 1884)[32]
  • 1952 Paramahansa Yogananda, Indian guru and philosopher (b. 1893)
  • 1954 Otto Diels, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1876)
  • 1957 Wyndham Lewis, English painter and critic (b. 1882)
  • 1961 Govind Ballabh Pant, Indian lawyer and politician, 2nd Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh (b. 1887)
  • 1967 Alice B. Toklas, American writer (b. 1877)
  • 1971 Richard Montague, American mathematician and philosopher (b. 1930)
  • 1973 Lalo Ríos, Mexican actor (b. 1927)[33]
  • 1975 Mikhail Bakhtin, Russian philosopher and critic (b. 1895)
  • 1976 Wright Patman, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician (b. 1893)
  • 1981 Kirill Kondrashin, Russian conductor (b. 1914)
  • 1981 Muhammad Zaki Abd al-Qadir, Egyptian journalist and writer (d. 1981) [34]
  • 1982 Ida Barney, American astronomer, mathematician, and academic (b. 1886)
  • 1983 Igor Markevitch, Ukrainian conductor and composer (b. 1912)
  • 1986 Jacob K. Javits, American colonel and politician, 58th New York State Attorney General (b. 1904)
  • 1988 Divine, American drag queen and film actor (b. 1945)
  • 1988 Ülo Õun, Estonian sculptor (b. 1940)[35]
  • 1991 Cool Papa Bell, American baseball player (b. 1903)
  • 1993 Tony Harris, South African cricketer (b. 1916)
  • 1993 J. Merrill Knapp, American musicologist (b. 1914)
  • 1993 Martti Larni, Finnish writer (b. 1909)
  • 1993 Carlo Mazzarella, Italian actor and journalist (b. 1919)
  • 1993 Angelo Piccaluga, Italian footballer (b. 1906)
  • 1993 Eleanor Sanger, American television producer (b. 1929)[36]
  • 1993 Josef Steindl, Austrian economist (b. 1912)
  • 1993 Frank Wells, Australian rules footballer (b. 1909)
  • 1997 Edward Mills Purcell, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1912)[37]
  • 1999 Sidney Gottlieb, American chemist and theorist (b. 1918)
  • 1999 Stanley Kubrick, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1928)
  • 2000 Pee Wee King, American singer-songwriter (b. 1914)
  • 2001 Frankie Carle, American pianist and bandleader (b. 1903)
  • 2004 Paul Winfield, American actor (b. 1941)
  • 2005 John Box, English production designer and art director (b. 1920)
  • 2005 Debra Hill, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1950)
  • 2006 Gordon Parks, American photographer, director, and composer (b. 1912)
  • 2006 Ali Farka Touré, Malian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1939)
  • 2007 Ronnie Wells, American singer and educator (b. 1943)
  • 2012 Ravi, Indian director and composer (b. 1926)
  • 2012 Włodzimierz Smolarek, Polish footballer and manager (b. 1957)
  • 2013 Peter Banks, English guitarist and songwriter (b. 1947)
  • 2013 Damiano Damiani, Italian director and screenwriter (b. 1922)
  • 2013 Frederick B. Karl, American lieutenant and politician (b. 1924)
  • 2013 Claude King, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1923)
  • 2014 Anatoly Borisovich Kuznetsov, Russian actor and director (b. 1930)
  • 2014 Ned O'Gorman, American poet and educator (b. 1929)
  • 2014 Victor Shem-Tov, Israeli lawyer and politician, 8th Israeli Minister of Health (b. 1915)
  • 2015 G. Karthikeyan, Indian lawyer and politician (b. 1949)
  • 2015 F. Ray Keyser, Jr., American lawyer and politician, 72nd Governor of Vermont (b. 1927)
  • 2015 Yoshihiro Tatsumi, Japanese author and illustrator (b. 1935)
  • 2016 Adrian Hardiman, Irish lawyer and judge (b. 1951)[38]
  • 2016 Leonard Berney, Bergen-Belsen concentration camp liberator (b. 1920)[39]
  • 2017 Lynne Stewart, American attorney and activist (b. 1939)[40]

Holidays and observances

  • Christian feast day:
    • Blessed Leonid Feodorov (Russian Greek Catholic Church)[41]
    • Perpetua and Felicity[42]
    • Siméon-François Berneux (part of The Korean Martyrs)[43]
    • March 7 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

References

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  2. Wolfram Ziegler (2008). König Konrad III. (1138–1152): Hof, Urkunden und Politik. Böhlau Verlag Wien. ISBN 978-3-205-77647-5. Archived from the original on 2021-07-13. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
  3. "Parliament House, Helsinki, Finland - Spotting History". Archived from the original on 2021-06-09. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
  4. Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type VIIB boat U-47". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Archived from the original on 22 October 2000. Retrieved 28 February 2010.
  5. Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737-497 PK-GZC Yogyakarta-Adisutjipto Airport (JOG)". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 2021-03-08. Retrieved 2021-03-06.
  6. "Equatorial Guinea: Death toll from Bata explosion climbs over 100 | DW | 09.03.2021". DW.COM. Deutsche Welle. March 9, 2021. Archived from the original on March 10, 2021. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
  7. Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen Edwards; Cyril John Gadd; Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière Hammond (1970). The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume 12, The Crisis of Empire, AD 193-337. Cambridge University Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-521-30199-2. Archived from the original on 2020-08-05. Retrieved 2020-03-05.
  8. The voyage of François Pyrard of Laval: to the East Indies, the Maldives, the Moluccas and Brazil. B. Franklin. 1964. p. liv. Archived from the original on 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2020-03-05.
  9. Notes and Queries. Oxford University Press. 1870. p. 30. Archived from the original on 2020-08-05. Retrieved 2020-03-05.
  10. Notice de personne "Weitzmann, Kurt (1904-1993)" [Person notice "Weitzmann, Kurt (1904-1993)"] (in French). Bibliothèque nationale de France. 25 September 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
  11. Struwe, Michael (2003). "Olga Ladyzhenskaya: A Life-Long Devotion to Mathematics". In Hildebrandt, Stefan; Karcher, Hermann (eds.). Geometric Analysis and Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations. Berlin: Springer. p. 1. ISBN 978-3-54044-051-2.
  12. "March 7". Barry Hugman's Footballers. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  13. "Andy Phillip". The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 1 February 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  14. "Janet Guthrie Biography". Archived from the original on 29 January 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  15. "Indy 500 Pioneer Janet Guthrie Savors The Day She Made History". NPR. May 27, 2018. Archived from the original on 9 October 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  16. Correal, Annie (July 22, 2017). "John Heard, the Frazzled Father in 'Home Alone,' Dies at 71". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 23, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  17. "Obituary: Helen Eadie, politician". www.scotsman.com. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  18. Axisa, Mike (August 5, 2021). "J.R. Richard, former Houston Astros All-Star pitcher, dies at 71: Richard was one of the best pitchers in baseball from 1975-1980". CBS Sports. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved August 5, 2021.
  19. Chase's Calendar of Events 2019 : the ultimate go -to guide for special days, weeks and months. Place of publication not identified: Bernan Press. 2018. p. 165. ISBN 9781641432641.
  20. "Rik Mayall obituary". the Guardian. 9 June 2014. Archived from the original on 26 May 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
  21. Bob Wechsler (2008). Day by Day in Jewish Sports History Archived 2021-07-13 at the Wayback Machine
  22. "Brent Kite". Panthers (archived). Archived from the original on 18 August 2014. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  23. "Steve Burtt Player Profile, Iona, NCAA Stats, International Stats, Events Stats, Game Logs, Bests, Awards - RealGM". basketball.realgm.com. Archived from the original on 2020-11-15. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  24. Jacob Lillyman rugbyleagueproject.org
  25. "Chase Kalisz". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  26. "Aboubakar Kamara". soccerbase.com. Archived from the original on 21 May 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  27. "Famous birthdays for March 7: Laura Prepon, Amanda Gorman". UPI. March 7, 2021. Archived from the original on March 7, 2021. Retrieved March 7, 2021.
  28. "Antoninus Pius | Roman emperor". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 21 November 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  29. "Innocent XIII | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
  30. "Harriet Jacobs". ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA. Archived from the original on 2018-03-10. Retrieved 2018-10-13.
  31. O’Sullivan, James (April 26, 2015). "An artist's mark on the story of Finland (150th anniversary of Gallen-Kallela's birth)". thisisFINLAND. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
  32. "Lucy Parsons: Woman of Will | Industrial Workers of the World". www.iww.org. Archived from the original on 2019-04-01. Retrieved 2018-05-01.
  33. Frank Javier Garcia Berumen. Brown Celluloid: Latino/A Film Icons and Images in the Hollywood. Volume 1, 2003. Page 355.
  34. "محمد زكي عبد القادر". maspero.eg (in Arabic). Retrieved 20 July 2022.
  35. "Ülo Õun" (in Estonian). Kumu kunstimuuseum digitaalkogu. 2020. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  36. "Eleanor Sanger Dies; TV Producer Was 63". New York Times. March 8, 1993. Archived from the original on 29 January 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  37. "E.M. Purcell | American physicist". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  38. "Tributes paid as judge Hardiman dies suddenly". RTE. 7 March 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
  39. "First British officer to liberate Bergen-Belsen Nazi camp dies". The Independent. 8 March 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
  40. Fried, Joseph P. (8 March 2017). "Lynne Stewart, Lawyer Imprisoned in Terrorism Case, Dies at 77". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
  41. Burns, Paul (15 June 2005). Butler's Saints of the Third Millennium: Butler's Lives of the Saints: Supplementary Volume. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 76. ISBN 978-1-4411-3077-8.
  42. "Perpetua | Christian martyr | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
  43. Beutner, Dawn Marie (2020). Saints: Becoming an Image of Christ Every Day of the Year. Ignatius Press. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-62164-341-8.
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