Ethyl loflazepate

Ethyl loflazepate[1] (marketed under the brand names Meilax, Ronlax and Victan)[2][3][4] is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.[5] In animal studies it was found to have low toxicity, although in rats evidence of pulmonary phospholipidosis occurred with pulmonary foam cells developing with long-term use of very high doses.[6] Its elimination half-life is 51–103 hours.[7] Its mechanism of action is similar to other benzodiazepines. Ethyl loflazepate also produces an active metabolite which is stronger than the parent compound.[8] Ethyl loflazepate was designed to be a prodrug for descarboxyloflazepate, its active metabolite. It is the active metabolite which is responsible for most of the pharmacological effects rather than ethyl loflazepate.[9] The main metabolites of ethyl loflazepate are descarbethoxyloflazepate, loflazepate and 3-hydroxydescarbethoxyloflazepate.[10] Accumulation of the active metabolites of ethyl loflazepate are not affected by those with kidney failure or impairment.[11] The symptoms of an overdose of ethyl loflazepate include sleepiness, agitation and ataxia. Hypotonia may also occur in severe cases. These symptoms occur much more frequently and severely in children.[12] Death from therapeutic maintenance doses of ethyl loflazepate taken for 2 – 3 weeks has been reported in 3 elderly patients. The cause of death was asphyxia due to benzodiazepine toxicity.[13] High doses of the antidepressant fluvoxamine may potentiate the adverse effects of ethyl loflazepate.[14]

Ethyl loflazepate
Clinical data
Trade namesVictan, Meilax, Ronlax
AHFS/Drugs.comInternational Drug Names
Pregnancy
category
  •  ?
Routes of
administration		Oral
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • CA: Schedule IV
  • DE: Anlage III (Special prescription form required)
  • US: Schedule IV
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability?
MetabolismHepatic
Elimination half-life51-103 h
ExcretionRenal
Identifiers
IUPAC name
  • ethyl 7-chloro-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
ECHA InfoCard100.044.976
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC18H14ClFN2O3
Molar mass360.7 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
SMILES
  • FC1=CC=CC=C1C2=NC(C(OCC)=O)C(NC3=C2C=C(C=C3)Cl)=O
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C18H14ClFN2O3/c1-2-25-18(24)16-17(23)21-14-8-7-10(19)9-12(14)15(22-16)11-5-3-4-6-13(11)20/h3-9,16H,2H2,1H3,(H,21,23) Y
  • Key:CUCHJCMWNFEYOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
 NY (what is this?)  (verify)

Ethyl loflazeplate is commercialized in Mexico, under the trade name Victan. It is officially approved for the following conditions:[15][16]

See also

References
  1. DE Patent 2012190
  2. Ba, BB; Iliadis, A; Durand, A; Berger, Y; Cano, JP (Oct 1988). "New approach in bioavailability study of two formulations of ethyl loflazepate". Arzneimittel-Forschung. 38 (10): 1486–9. ISSN 0004-4172. PMID 2904268.
  3. Ba, BB; Iliadis, A; Cano, JP (1989). "Pharmacokinetic modeling of ethyl loflazepate (Victan) and its main active metabolites". Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 17 (6): 633–46. doi:10.1007/BF02367467. ISSN 0090-6964. PMID 2574017. S2CID 31310535.
  4. "Benzodiazepine Names". non-benzodiazepines.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2008-12-08. Retrieved 2009-04-05.
  5. Ueki, S; Watanabe, S; Yamamoto, T; Shibata, S; Shibata, K; Ohta, H; Ikeda, K; Kiyota, Y; Sato, Y (Nov 1983). "Behavioral effects of ethyl loflazepate and its metabolites". Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Folia Pharmacologica Japonica. 82 (5): 395–409. doi:10.1254/fpj.82.395. ISSN 0015-5691. PMID 6142848.
  6. Mazue, G; Berthe, J; Newmann, AJ; Brunaud, M (Oct 1981). "A toxicologic evaluation of ethyl fluclozepate (CM 6912)". International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Therapy, and Toxicology. 19 (10): 453–72. ISSN 0174-4879. PMID 6116677.
  7. Cautreels, W; Jeanniot, JP (Nov 1980). "Quantitative analysis of CM 6912 (ethyl loflazepate) and its metabolites in plasma and urine by chemical ionization gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Application to pharmacokinetic studies in man". Biomedical Mass Spectrometry. 7 (11–12): 565–71. doi:10.1002/bms.1200071124. ISSN 0306-042X. PMID 6112027.
  8. Sakai, Y; Namima, M (Apr 1985). "Inhibitory effect on 3H-diazepam binding and potentiating action on GABA of ethyl loflazepate, a new minor tranquilizer". Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. 37 (4): 373–9. doi:10.1254/jjp.37.373. ISSN 0021-5198. PMID 2861304.
  9. Chambon, JP; Perio, A; Demarne, H; Hallot, A; Dantzer, R; Roncucci, R; Bizière, K (1985). "Ethyl loflazepate: a prodrug from the benzodiazepine series designed to dissociate anxiolytic and sedative activities". Arzneimittel-Forschung. 35 (10): 1573–7. ISSN 0004-4172. PMID 2866771.
  10. Davi, H; Guyonnet, J; Sales, Y; Cautreels, W (1985). "Metabolism of ethyl loflazepate in the rat, the dog, the baboon and in man". Arzneimittel-Forschung. 35 (7): 1061–5. ISSN 0004-4172. PMID 2864933.
  11. Ba, BB; Iliadis, A; Durand, A; Berger, Y; Necciari, J; Cano, JP (1989). "Effect of renal failure on the pharmacokinetics of ethyl loflazepate (Victan) in man". Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology. 3 (1): 11–7. doi:10.1111/j.1472-8206.1989.tb00025.x. ISSN 0767-3981. PMID 2714728. S2CID 2850707.
  12. Pulce C, Mollon P, Pham E, Frantz P, Descotes J (April 1992). "Acute poisonings with ethyle loflazepate, flunitrazepam, prazepam and triazolam in children". Vet Hum Toxicol. 34 (2): 141–3. ISSN 0145-6296. PMID 1354907.
  13. Kamijo, Y; Hayashi, I; Nishikawa, T; Yoshimura, K; Soma, K (Mar 2005). "Pharmacokinetics of the active metabolites of ethyl loflazepate in elderly patients who died of asphyxia associated with benzodiazepine-related toxicity". Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 29 (2): 140–4. doi:10.1093/jat/29.2.140. ISSN 0146-4760. PMID 15902983.
  14. Imanishi, T; Onozawa, K; Hayashi, A; Baba, J (Dec 2001). "Effects of fluvoxamine on both the desired anxiolytic effect and the adverse motor incoordination and amnesia induced by benzodiazepines". Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Folia Pharmacologica Japonica. 118 (6): 403–10. doi:10.1254/fpj.118.403. ISSN 0015-5691. PMID 11778459.
  15. "Victan". saludzac.gob.mx/. Archived from the original on 2009-05-26. Retrieved 2009-12-25.
  16. "VICTAN". Farmacia Guerra. Retrieved 2009-12-25.
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