Olopatadine

Olopatadine
Names
Trade namesPatanol and others
IUPAC name
  • {(11Z)-11-[3-(dimethylamino)propylidene]-6,11-
    dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepin-2-yl}acetic acid
Clinical data
Drug classAntihistamine, mast cell stabilizer.[1][2]
Main usesAllergic conjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis (hay fever)[2]
Side effectsHeadache, sore throat, eye discomfort, change in taste[3][2]
WHO AWaReUnlinkedWikibase error: ⧼unlinkedwikibase-error-statements-entity-not-set⧽
Pregnancy
category
  • C
Routes of
use		Eye drops, nasal spray
Defined daily doseNot established[4]
External links
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa602025
Legal
License data
Legal status
Pharmacokinetics
Elimination half-life3 hours
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC21H23NO3
Molar mass337.419 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
SMILES
  • O=C(O)Cc2ccc1OCc3c(C(\c1c2)=C\CCN(C)C)cccc3
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C21H23NO3/c1-22(2)11-5-8-18-17-7-4-3-6-16(17)14-25-20-10-9-15(12-19(18)20)13-21(23)24/h3-4,6-10,12H,5,11,13-14H2,1-2H3,(H,23,24)/b18-8- checkY
  • Key:JBIMVDZLSHOPLA-LSCVHKIXSA-N checkY

Olopatadine is a medication used to decrease the symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis (hay fever).[2] It is used as eye drops or as a nasal spray.[2] The eye drops general result in an improvement within half an hour.[2]

Common side effects include headache, sore throat, eye discomfort, and change in taste.[3][2] More significant side effects may include sleepiness.[2] It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe.[6] It is an antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer.[1][2]

Olopatadine was patented in 1986 and came into medical use in 1997.[7] It is available as a generic medication.[2] A 5 milliliter bottle of the eye drops in the United Kingdom costs the NHS less than £5 as of 2019.[3] In the United States the wholesale cost of this amount is about US$12.50.[8] In 2017, it was the 270th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than one million prescriptions.[9][10]

Medical uses

It is used to treat allergic conjunctivitis and hay fever.[2] It is used as eye drops and as a nasal spray.[2]

Dosage

The defined daily dose is undefined.[4]

Side effects

Some known side effects include headache (7% of occurrence), eye burning and/or stinging (5%), blurred vision, dry eyes, foreign body sensation, hyperemia, keratitis, eyelid edema, pruritus, asthenia, sore throat (pharyngitis), rhinitis, sinusitis, taste perversion, and vomiting.

Chemistry

Synthesis

Olopatadine synthesis:[11]

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Olopatadine acts as a selective antagonist of the histamine H1 receptor, thus stabilizing mast cells and inhibiting histamine release.

History

Olopatadine was patented in 1986 by Kyowa Hakko Kogyo and came into medical use in 1997.[7]

In the United States, Pataday Twice Daily Relief was first approved by the FDA in 1996, under the name Patanol as a prescription drug and was indicated for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis (referring to ocular redness and itching due to allergies).[5] Pataday – now Pataday Once Daily Relief – was first approved by the FDA in 2004, as a prescription drug and was indicated for the treatment of ocular itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis.[5] These drugs are mast cell stabilizers, which work by preventing the release of histamine and therefore prevent or control allergic disorders.[5] In February 2020, Pataday Twice Daily Relief and Pataday Once Daily Relief were switched to be over-the-counter drugs and the FDA granted the approvals of the nonprescription products to Alcon.[5]

Society and culture

Cost

A 5 milliliter bottle of the eye drops in the United Kingdom costs the NHS less than £5 as of 2019.[3] In the United States the wholesale cost of this amount is about US$12.50.[8] In 2017, it was the 270th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than one million prescriptions.[9][10]

  • Olopatadine costs (US)
    Olopatadine costs (US)
  • Olopatadine prescriptions (US)
    Olopatadine prescriptions (US)

Brand names

Brand names include Pazeo, Pataday, Patanol S, Patanol, Opatanol, Olopat, Patanase.[12] It is also available as an oral tablet in Japan under the tradename Allelock, manufactured by Kyowa Hakko Kogyo.[13]

References

  1. 1 2 Castillo M, Scott NW, Mustafa MZ, Mustafa MS, Azuara-Blanco A (June 2015). "Topical antihistamines and mast cell stabilisers for treating seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis" (PDF). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 6 (6): CD009566. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009566.pub2. hdl:2164/6048. PMID 26028608. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Olopatadine Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 26 March 2019.
  3. 1 2 3 4 British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. p. 1126. ISBN 9780857113382.
  4. 1 2 "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 5 March 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 "FDA Approves Three Drugs for Nonprescription Use Through Rx-to-OTC Switch Process". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 14 February 2020. Archived from the original on 15 February 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  6. ↑ "Olopatadine ophthalmic Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 26 March 2019. Retrieved 26 March 2019.
  7. 1 2 Fischer, Jnos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 549. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  8. 1 2 "NADAC as of 2019-02-27". Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  9. 1 2 "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  10. 1 2 "Olopatadine - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 8 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  11. ↑ Ueno K, Kubo S, Tagawa H, Yoshioka T, Tsukada W (July 1976). "6,11-Dihydro-11-oxodibenz [b,e] oxepinacetic acids with potent antiinflammatory activity". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 19 (7): 941–6. doi:10.1021/jm00229a017. PMID 940112.
  12. ↑ "Drugs.com, Alcon's Patanase Nasal Spray Approved by FDA for Treatment of Nasal Allergy Symptoms". Archived from the original on 17 April 2009. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
  13. ↑ Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. (2007). "Allelock Tablets 2.5 & Allelock Tablets 5 (English)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 10 August 2008.
External sites:
Identifiers:
This article is issued from Offline. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.