o
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Translingual
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/
IPA (file)
Gallery
- Capital and lowercase versions of O, in normal and italic type
- Uppercase and lowercase O in Fraktur
English
Pronunciation
Letter
See also
Number
o (lower case, upper case O)
Noun
o (plural oes)
Alternative forms
Translations
See also
Interjection
o
- (archaic, always capitalized in modern usage) The English vocative particle, used before a pronoun or the name of a person or persons to mark direct address.
- 2007 (1640), The Bay Psalm Book, Cosimo Classics, p.37, 41 & 46:
- I lift my soule to thee o Lord
- mee, o Iehovah, heare
- In thee, o Lord, I put my trust
- 2007 (1640), The Bay Psalm Book, Cosimo Classics, p.37, 41 & 46:
- Alternative form of oh
Translations
Etymology 3
Alternative spelling of o'
Aragonese
Azerbaijani
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /ɔ/
Letter
o lower case (upper case O)
See also
Declension
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
nominative | mən | sən | o | biz | siz | onlar | |
accusative | məni | səni | onu | bizi | sizi | onları | |
dative | mənə | sənə | ona | bizə | sizə | onlara | |
locative | məndə | səndə | onda | bizdə | sizdə | onlarda | |
ablative | məndən | səndən | ondan | bizdən | sizdən | onlardan | |
genitive | mənim | sənin | onun | bizim | sizin | onların |
Catalan
Crimean Tatar
Czech
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/
audio (file)
Usage notes
The meaning about is followed by locative case, while the second meaning, for, is followed by accusative case.
Danish
Particle
o
- (elevated or humorous) Vocative particle.
- 1867, Sigurd MÜLLER, Digte, page 132
- O, du dødsens Sol / O, forbandede Sol, / Som har seet, hvad jeg saae!
- O sun of death / O accursed sun / Who has seen what I saw!
- O, du dødsens Sol / O, forbandede Sol, / Som har seet, hvad jeg saae!
- Henrik Pontoppidan, Det forjættede land: Med forord af Kristian Bang Foss, Gyldendal A/S (→ISBN)
- ... løftede i ekstase blikket mod stjernehimlen og bad: „O, min Fader i det høje, ... du ... du alene forstøder mig ikke!
- ... ecstatically lifted his gaze towards the starry sky and prayed: "O my Father in the high, ... you ... you alone will not repudiate me!
- ... løftede i ekstase blikket mod stjernehimlen og bad: „O, min Fader i det høje, ... du ... du alene forstøder mig ikke!
- 1926, Tilskueren
- Min Elskede, o min Elskede. Sabine. Men Du maa bort.
- My beloved, o my beloved. Sabine. But you must leave.
- Min Elskede, o min Elskede. Sabine. Men Du maa bort.
- 1854, Henrik Wergelands Samlede Skrifter, page 341
- Giulio: […] O forhadte Venedig, aldrig meer jeg dig vil se!
- Giulio: […] O loathsome Venice, I never want see you again!
- Giulio: […] O forhadte Venedig, aldrig meer jeg dig vil se!
- 1867, Sigurd MÜLLER, Digte, page 132
Dutch
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -oː
- IPA(key): /oː/
Audio (file)
Esperanto
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/
- Hyphenation: o
- Audio:
(file)
Letter
o (lower case, upper case O)
See also
Noun
o (accusative singular o-on, plural o-oj, accusative plural o-ojn)
- The name of the Latin-script letter O.
Extremaduran
Fala
Etymology 1
From Old Portuguese o, from Latin illo (“he”).
Article
o m (plural os, feminine a, feminine plural as)
- masculine singular definite article (the)
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
- O términu de Valverdi, mais grandi, limita con Portugal, precisamenti con dois distintius Departamentos, que eran Beira Alta con capital en Guarda, a Beira Baixa con capital en Castelo Branco.
- The Valverde locality, the biggest, borders Portugal, more precisely with two distinct departments, which were Beira Alta with Guarda as its capital, and Beira Baixa with Castelo Branco as its capital.
-
Etymology 2
From Old Portuguese ou, from Latin aut (“or”).
Conjunction
o
- or
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme 6:
- Poin encontralsi, a o millol, hasta “oito” o mais.
- There can be found, at best, up to “eight” or more.
-
Faroese
Letter
o (upper case O)
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -o
Fula
See also
Suffix
o (plural ɓe)
- Noun class indicator for nouns (singular) having to do with people, and for loan words
Usage notes
Alternative forms
Related terms
Derived terms
- makko (possessive pronoun)
Determiner
o
- (used in indicating someone)
- O debbo ― this/that woman
Galician
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o̝/
Audio (file)
Etymology 1
From Old Portuguese o, from Latin illum, from ille.
Usage notes
The definite article o (in all its forms) regularly forms contractions when it follows the prepositions a (“to”), con (“with”), de (“of, from”), and en (“in”). For example, con o (“with the”) contracts to co, and en o (“in the”) contracts to no.
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the main entry.
Usage notes
The Galician pronouns, being atones, are usually appended to the verb; though sandhi, o could acquire the form -no (for example, when appended to a verb form ended in a falling diphthong or in a nasal consonant, the nasal in -no having an antihiatic epenthetic origin) or -lo (when appended to a verb form ended in a -s or -r, the l having its origin in the assimilation of the -s or -r with the l present in the pronoun before the 12th century).
German
Interjection
o
- O
- 1843, Gallus Schwab, Gebetbuch für katholische Christen, Bamberg, p.45:
- Sei gegrüßet, o Du mein Jesu! Mit tieftster Demuth bete ich Dich an und verehre Dich!
- 1843, Gallus Schwab, Gebetbuch für katholische Christen, Bamberg, p.45:
Gothic
Hawaiian
Usage notes
- Used for possessions that are inherited, out of personal control, and for things that can be got into (houses, clothes, cars), while a is used for acquired possessions.
Italian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔ/
- Rhymes: -ɔ
- Stress: ò
- Hyphenation: o
- Homophone: ho
See also
Alternative forms
- od (used optionally before words beginning with a vowel)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/
- Rhymes: -o
- Stress: ó
- Hyphenation: o
References
- Angelo Prati, "Vocabolario Etimologico Italiano", Torino, 1951
Japanese
Latin
Letter
o
- A letter of the Latin alphabet.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /oː/
Coordinate terms
References
- o in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- o in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- o in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
- o in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- monstrous: o facinus indignum! (Ter. Andr. 1. 1. 118)
- to take the military oath: sacramentum (o) dicere (vid. sect. XI. 2, note sacramentum...)
- monstrous: o facinus indignum! (Ter. Andr. 1. 1. 118)
- o in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /oː/
Interjection
ō
- o! (vocative particle)
- 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.II:
- O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit?
- Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. Lives!
- O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit?
- 4th century, St Jerome, Vulgate, Judges 3:19
- et reversus de Galgalis ubi erant idola dixit ad regem verbum secretum habeo ad te o rex et ille imperavit silentium egressisque omnibus qui circa eum erant (Then returning from Galgal, where the idols were, he said to the king: I have a secret message to thee, O king. And he commanded silence: and all being gone out that were about him,)
- oh!
Latvian
Etymology
Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.
Usage notes
In native Latvian words (and in some older borrowings), o represents the sound of IPA [uə̯] (e.g., otrs [uə̯tɾs]). In more recent borrowings, it represents the original sound of the word, i.e. [o] or [oː] (e.g., opera [oːpeɾa]).
See also
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [o]
See also
- Latvian letter names:
Ligurian
Ligurian Definite Articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | o | i |
feminine | a | e |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /u/
Lithuanian
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō; compare Proto-Slavic *a (“and, but”). From Proto-Indo-European *h₁od; compare Sanskrit आत् (āt, “afterwards, then, so”), Avestan 𐬁𐬀𐬝 (āat̰, “afterward, then”), perhaps the ablative singular of *h₁e- (“demonstrative pronoun”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /oː/
Malay
Mandarin
Romanization
o
Usage notes
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Maori
Particle
o
Usage notes
Used instead of a when the possessor has no control over the relationship (inalienable possession).
Middle English
Middle Low German
Pronunciation
- Stem vowel: ȫ²
- (originally) IPA(key): /œːj/
Navajo
Letter
o
- The twenty-second letter of the Navajo alphabet:
- o = /o˨/
- ǫ = /õ˨/
- ó = /o˥/
- ǫ́ = /õ˥/
- oo = /oː˨˨/
- ǫǫ = /õː˨˨/
- óo = /oː˥˨/
- ǫ́ǫ = /õː˥˨/
- oó = /oː˨˥/
- ǫǫ́ = /õː˨˥/
- óó = /oː˥˥/
- ǫ́ǫ́ = /õː˥˥/
Norwegian
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /uː/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /uː/, /ʊ/, /ɔ/
Audio (file)
Letter
o
- The 15th letter of the Norwegian alphabet.
Old Portuguese
Etymology
From earlier lo, la, from Latin illum, illam (the initial l having disappeared; compare Spanish lo and la).
Pronunciation
- (article): IPA(key): /o/
Article
o
- the (masculine singular definite article)
- 13th Century - Cantiga de Santa Maria no. 23
- Esta é como Santa Maria acrecentou o vinho no tonel, por amor da bõa dona de Bretanha.
- This is how Holy Mary added the wine to the barrel, out of love for the good lady of Britain;
- Esta é como Santa Maria acrecentou o vinho no tonel, por amor da bõa dona de Bretanha.
- 13th Century - Cantiga de Santa Maria no. 48
- Esta é como Santa Maria tolheu a agua da fonte ao cavaleiro.
- This is how Holy Mary restricted the water of the fountain from the knight.
- Esta é como Santa Maria tolheu a agua da fonte ao cavaleiro.
- 13th Century - Cantiga de Santa Maria no. 23
Usage notes
- O becomes -no and a becomes -na after nasal sounds:
- Non queria o meu coraçon nen-nos meus olhos.
- She wanted neither (the) my heart nor (the) my eyes.
- Ambas eran-nas melhores que (h)omen pode cousir.
- Both were the best that (a) man can contemplate.
- Non queria o meu coraçon nen-nos meus olhos.
- O becomes -lo and a becomes -la after other consonants, and the preceding consonant is elided:
- E vós faredes depoi-lo melhor!
- And later ye shall do the best.
- Sobre toda-las bondades que ela (h)avia era que muito fiava en Santa Maria;
- Above all the virtues she possessed was how much she trusted Holy Mary.
- E vós faredes depoi-lo melhor!
- O becomes el- in front of the noun rei:
- Deu ora el-rei seus dinheiros a Belpelho.
- The king, then, gave his money to Belpelho.
- Se fosse seu o tesouro que el-rei de França ten.
- Were it his the treasure that the king of France has.
- Deu ora el-rei seus dinheiros a Belpelho.
Polish
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔ/
Audio (file)
Preposition
o
- (+ locative) about (concerning)
- Opowiedz mi o twojej pracy.
- Tell me about your job.
- Ta książka jest o potędze miłości.
- This book is about the power of love.
- (+ locative) at (telling the time)
- Spotkajmy się o piątej po południu.
- Let's meet at five PM.
- (+ locative, used in descriptions) with
- Była piękną kobietą o długich jasnych włosach.
- She was a beautiful woman with long fair hair.
- chłopiec o zielonych oczach
- a boy with green eyes; a green-eyed boy
- (+ accusative) on, against
- Nie opierajcie się o te drzwi.
- Don't lean on this door.
- Dziewczynka uderzyła głową o stół.
- The little girl hit her head on the table.
- (+ accusative) for
- Weronika poprosiła mnie wczoraj o pomoc.
- Veronica asked me for help yesterday.
- Walczyliśmy dzielnie o naszą wolność.
- We were bravely fighting for our freedom.
- (+ accusative) by (a difference)
- Spóźniła się o piętnaście minut.
- She was fifteen minutes late.
- Czuję się o wiele lepiej.
- I feel much better.
- Obniż podkład o dwa półtony.
- Lower the instrumental by two semitones.
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- (letter): IPA(key): /ˈɔ/, /ˈo/
- (article, pronoun): IPA(key): /u/, /ʊ/
Letter
o (lower case, upper case O)
See also
Etymology 2
From Old Portuguese o (compare Galician o), from Vulgar Latin lo, *illu, from Latin illum, from ille (with an initial l having disappeared; compare Spanish lo).
Article
o m (feminine a, masculine plural os, feminine plural as)
- the (masculine singular definite article)
- 2003, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix [Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix] (Harry Potter; 5), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 75:
- Não o perdoou por abandonar o serviço em vez de seguir você.
- She didn't forgive him for abandoning his service instead of following you.
- 2005, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 135:
- Não vi o tempo passar.
- I didn't notice the time passing.
- 2005, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 361:
- [...] disse o professor com um sorrisinho [...]
- [...] the teacher said with a little smile [...]
Usage notes
Usage of the definite article in Portuguese has some differences from that of English, such as:
- it can be used with abstract mass nouns:
- O amor é melhor que a guerra.
- Love is better than war.
- it can be optionally used with adjectival possessive pronouns, and mandatorily with substantival possessive pronouns:
- (O) meu livro é melhor que o seu.
- My book is better than yours.
- it can be used with personal names:
- O João foi até a cidade.
- John went to the city.
- it can be used without a possessive pronoun when referring to a relative:
- O pai está viajando.
- (My) dad is travelling.
- Ele não gosta da tia.
- He doesn’t like his aunt.
- more often than in English, it used with a singular to indicate a generic example of, or the noun in general:
- O carvalho é uma árvore grande.
- The oak is a big tree.
Quotations
For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:o.
See also
Portuguese articles (edit) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | |
Definite articles (the) |
o | a | os | as |
Indefinite articles (a, an; some) |
um | uma | uns | umas |
Pronoun
o m (personal)
- him, it (as a direct object; as an indirect object, see lhe; after prepositions, see ele).
- 2003, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix [Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix] (Harry Potter; 5), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 75:
- Não o perdoou por abandonar o serviço em vez de seguir você.
- She didn't forgive him for abandoning his service instead of following you.
- 2007, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte [Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows] (Harry Potter; 7), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 287:
- Por que, então, ela o conduzira àquele lugar?
- Why, then, did she lead him to that place?
Quotations
For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:o.
Usage notes
- Becomes -lo after verb forms ending in -r, -s, or -z, the pronouns nos and vos, and the adverb eis; the ending letter causing the change disappears.
- Becomes -no after a nasal sound:
- Detêm-no como prisioneiro. ― They detain him/it as a prisoner.
- Põe-no aqui. ― Put him/it here.
- In the colloquial speech of some parts of Brazil, it is being abandoned in favor of the nominative form ele.
- Eu o vi. → Eu vi ele. ― I saw him/it.
See also
Portuguese personal pronouns (edit) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Person | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct object) |
Dative (indirect object) |
Prepositional | Prepositional with com |
Non-declining | ||||||
m | f | m | f | m and f | m | f | m | f | m | f | |||
Singular | First | eu | me | mim | comigo | ||||||||
Second | tu | te | ti | contigo | você | ||||||||
o senhor | a senhora | ||||||||||||
Third | ele | ela | o (lo, no) |
a (la, na) |
lhe | ele | ela | com ele | com ela | o mesmo | a mesma | ||
se (reflexive) | si (reflexive) | consigo (reflexive) | |||||||||||
Plural | First | nós | nos | nós | connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil) |
a gente | |||||||
Second | vós | vos | vós | convosco | vocês | ||||||||
os senhores | as senhoras | ||||||||||||
Third | eles | elas | os (los, nos) |
as (las, nas) |
lhes | eles | elas | com eles | com elas | os mesmos | as mesmas | ||
se (reflexive) | si (reflexive) | consigo (reflexive) | |||||||||||
Indefinite | se (reflexive) | si (reflexive) | consigo (reflexive) |
Rapa Nui
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Polynesian *o.
Particle
o
- possessive particle marking an inalienable possession; of
- 2008, Sharon Chester, A wildlife guide to Chile, page 15:
- Polynesians are thought to have arrived at Easter Island around AD 800. They called the island Rapa Nui, or more familiarly Te Pito o Te Henua, the Navel of the World.
- 2008, Sharon Chester, A wildlife guide to Chile, page 15:
Usage notes
Inserted before the relevant pronoun. Only for possessions like hands or parents that do not have the ability to no longer be yours; otherwise, use a.
Usage notes
Generally used in favor of complex native grammatical structures used to achieve the same ends.
Romanian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [o]
Letter
o (lowercase, capital O)
- The eighteenth letter of the Romanian alphabet representing the phoneme /o/. Preceded by n and followed by p.
Usage notes
See O.
Article
o
Pronoun
o f (unstressed accusative form of ea)
- (direct object) her
- O cunoști?
- Do you know her?
- O cunoști pe Iulia?
- Do you know Iulia?
Verb
(el/ea) o (modal auxiliary, third-person singular form of vrea, used with infinitives to form presumptive tenses)
- (he/she) might
Samoan
Scots
Scottish Gaelic
Alternative forms
Serbo-Croatian
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /o/
Letter
o (Cyrillic spelling о)
Alternative forms
- O (uppercase)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi. See o-, ob-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/
Preposition
o (Cyrillic spelling о)
- (+ accusative case) on, against
- ob(j)esiti nešto o kuku ― to hang something on a hook
- udariti glavom o zid ― to hit one's head against the wall
- ogr(ij)ešiti se o zakon ― to violate a law
- (+ locative case) about, concerning, of, on
- brinuti se o nekome ― to take care of somebody
- v(ij)est o katastrofi ― news about the catastrophe
- R(ij)eč je o..., radi se o... ― It's about..., this refers to...
- Napisao sam esej o ranom srednjem vijeku. ― I wrote an essay on the Early Middle Ages.
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔ/
Somba-Siawari
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/
Audio (Spain) (file)
Letter
o (lower case, upper case O)
See also
Alternative forms
Further reading
- “o” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.
Swedish
Pronunciation
- Letter name
- IPA(key): /uː/
- Phoneme
- IPA(key): /uː/, /ʊ/, /oː/, /ɔ/
Letter
o (lower case, upper case O)
Interjection
o
- O (particle)
- Så låt nu, o konung, härom utfärda ett förbud och sätta upp en skrivelse
- Now, O king, establish the decree, and sign the writing (Daniel 6:8)
Noun
o n
- the letter o
- the Greek letter omega, being the last letter of the Greek alphabet
- Jag är A och O, den förste och den siste, begynnelsen och änden.
- I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last. (Revelations 22:13)
- Jag är A och O, den förste och den siste, begynnelsen och änden.
Declension
Declension of o | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | o | ot | on | ona |
Genitive | os | ots | ons | onas |
Alternative forms
Tagalog
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔː/
Turkish
Etymology
Merger of Old Anatolian Turkish ol and an (“she, he, it, that”), from Old Turkic 𐰆𐰞 (ol) and [script needed] (an), respectively; both from Proto-Turkic.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/
See also
Letter
o (lower case, upper case O)
See also
Welsh
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /oː/
Usage notes
O is used predominantly in the north of Wales, while e is used in the south, with fo and fe as variants of o and e respectively. In formal Welsh, the equivalent pronoun is ef.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Brythonic *o, from Proto-Celtic *ɸo, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó.