in

• (stressed)
  • (Received Pronunciation, General American, Canada, General Australian) enPR: ĭn, IPA^(key): /ɪn/
  • (General New Zealand) IPA^(key): /ɘn/

  • Audio (US)

    (file)

  • Audio (AU)

    (file)

• (unstressed)
  • (Received Pronunciation) enPR: ĭn, IPA^(key): /ɪn/
  • (General American, Canada, General Australian) enPR: ən, IPA^(key): /ən/
  • (General New Zealand) IPA^(key): /ɘn/
• Rhymes: -ɪn
• Homophone: inn

From Middle English in, from Old English in, from Proto-Germanic *in (whence German in, Dutch in, Danish and Norwegian i), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én, whence also Latin in, Irish i, Welsh yn, Ancient Greek ἐν (en) (modern Greek εν (en)), Old Armenian ի (i), Old Church Slavonic въ(н) (vŭ(n)), Russian в (v), Old Prussian en, Lithuanian į.

A green pepper in a black rectangle.

A dog in a sink.

in

1. Used to indicate location, inclusion, or position within spatial, temporal or other limits.
   1. Contained by.

      The dog is in the kennel.

   2. Within.
      • 2013 August 3, “Boundary problems”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

        GDP measures the total value of output in an economic territory.

   3. Surrounded by.

      We are in the enemy camp.   Her plane is in the air.

   4. Part of; a member of.

      One in a million.   She's in band and orchestra.

   5. Pertaining to; with regard to.

      What grade did he get in English?

      Military letters should be formal in tone, but not stilted.

   6. At the end of a period of time.

      They said they would call us in a week.

   7. Within a certain elapsed time

      Are you able to finish this in three hours?   The massacre resulted in over 1000 deaths in three hours.

   8. During (said of periods of time).

      in the first week of December;  Easter falls in the fourth lunar month;   The country reached a high level of prosperity in his first term.

   9. (grammar, phonetics, of sounds and letters) Coming at the end of a word.

      English nouns in -ce form their plurals in -s.

2. Into.
   • 2011 January 8, Paul Fletcher, “Stevenage 3-1 Newcastle”, in BBC:

     The ball was accidentally kicked in Kevin Nolan's face in the opening seconds of the contest - an incident that set the tone for an extremely uncomfortable encounter for the Premier League side.

   Less water gets in your boots this way.

3. Used to indicate limit, qualification, condition, or circumstance.
   • 1898, J. Meade Falkner, Moonfleet Chapter 4

     In returning to the vault, I had no very sure purpose in mind; only a vague surmise that this finding of Blackbeard's coffin would somehow lead to the finding of his treasure.

   In replacing the faucet washers, he felt he was making his contribution to the environment.

   1. Indicating an order or arrangement.

      My fat rolls around in folds.

   2. Denoting a state of the subject.

      He stalked away in anger.   John is in a coma.

   3. Indicates, connotatively, a place-like form of someone's (or something's) personality, as his, her or its psychic and physical characteristics.

      You've got a friend in me.   He's met his match in her.

   4. Wearing (an item of clothing).

      I glanced over at the pretty girl in the red dress.

4. Used to indicate means, medium, format, genre, or instrumentality.
   1. (of something offered or given in an exchange) In the form of, in the denomination of.

      Please pay me in cash — preferably in tens and twenties.

      The deposit can be in any legal tender, even in gold.

      Her generosity was rewarded in the success of its recipients.

      • 2014, Carla Bethmann, Clean, Friendly, Profitable?: Tourism, page 114:

        […] tourists sometimes attempt to pay in euros or British pounds.

   2. Used to indicate a language, script, tone, etc. of a text, speech, etc.

      Beethoven's "Symphony No. 5" in C minor is among his most popular.

      His speech was in French, but was simultaneously translated into eight languages.

      When you write in cursive, it's illegible.

• in-memory

in (third-person singular simple present ins, present participle inning, simple past and past participle inned)

1. (obsolete, transitive) To enclose.
2. (obsolete, transitive) To take in; to harvest.
   • (Can we date this quote?) Shakespeare

     He that ears my land spares my team and gives me leave to in the crop.

From Middle English in, from Old English inne.

in (not comparable)

1. (not comparable) Located indoors, especially at home or the office, or inside something.

   Is Mr. Smith in?

2. Moving to the interior of a defined space, such as a building or room.

   Suddenly a strange man walked in.

   • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter II, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], OCLC 752825175, page 071:

     Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. Indeed, a nail filed sharp is not of much avail as an arrowhead; you must have it barbed, and that was a little beyond our skill.

3. (sports) Still eligible to play, e.g. able to bat in cricket and baseball.

   He went for the wild toss but wasn't able to stay in.

4. (Britain) Abbreviation of in aid of.

   What's that in?

5. After the beginning of something.
   • 2011 October 1, Phil Dawkes, “Sunderland 2-2 West Brom”, in BBC Sport:

     The Black Cats had a mountain to climb after James Morrison's header and Shane Long's neat side-foot finish gave Albion a 2-0 lead five minutes in.

in (plural ins)

1. A position of power or a way to get it.

   His parents got him an in with the company

2. (sports) The state of a batter/batsman who is currently batting – see innings
3. A re-entrant angle; a nook or corner.

• out

in (comparative more in, superlative most in)

1. In fashion; popular.

   Skirts are in this year.

2. Incoming.

   the in train

3. (nautical, of the sails of a vessel) Furled or stowed.
4. (law) With privilege or possession; used to denote a holding, possession, or seisin.

   in by descent; in by purchase; in of the seisin of her husband

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Burrill to this entry?)

5. (cricket) Currently batting.

Abbreviation of inch.

in (plural ins)

1. Inch.

• Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Bounded landmarks", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8

• N.I., NI, ni

in

1. he; she

From Dutch in.

in

1. in; inside; within

in

1. in
2. into

in

1. water

• Luis Oramas, Materiales para el estudio de los dialectos Ayamán, Gayón, Jirajara, Ajagua (1916)

in

1. water

• Swintha Danielsen, Baure: An Arawak Language of Bolivia

in

1. mother

From Middle High German in, from Old High German inan, from Proto-Germanic *inǭ, accusative singular masculine of *iz. Cognate with German ihn, Gothic 𐌹𐌽𐌰 (ina).

in

1. (Sette Comuni) accusative of èar: him

• en

in

1. (Sette Comuni) the; definite article for two declensions:
   1. dative singular masculine
   2. dative plural

• “in” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

in

1. the

in, īn

1. (demonstrative) this; these

• on

• inin
• inon

• Michel Launey; Christopher Mackay (2011) An Introduction to Classical Nahuatl, Amazon Kindle: Cambridge University Press, pages Loc 1408

in (neuter in, plural and definite singular attributive in)

1. (colloquial) fashionable, in

• yt

From Old Dutch in, from Proto-Germanic *in, from Proto-Indo-European *en.

• IPA^(key): /ɪn/

• audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪn

in

1. in, inside
2. (postpositional) into

   De jongen rende het huis in.

   The boy ran into the house.

in

1. in; expressing containment.

   De geest in de fles

   the genie in the bottle

• binnen

• uit
• buiten

in (used only predicatively, not comparable)

1. in style

in

1. first-person singular present indicative of innen
2. imperative of innen

From Latin inde (“thence”). Cognate with Catalan en, French en, Italian ne.

• IPA^(key): /in/
• Hyphenation: in

in (adverbial)

1. (genitive case) of it, of them

   Vô-t di pām? A t’in dāg dû.

   Do you want some apples? I will give you two (of them).

2. (genitive case) about it, about them

   A t’in avîva descòurs ajêr.

   I talked to you about it yesterday.

3. (ablative case) from here

   A sòun stùf, a m’in vāg.

   I am tired, I am leaving (from here).

• Becomes n- before a vowel (proclitic).

A-g n-ò dimándi. ― I have a lot (of them).

• Becomes -en when acting as an enclitic (after a consonant).

Mānjen un pōk! ― Eat some of it! (imperative, singular)

• Becomes -n when acting as an enclitic (after a vowel).

Manjēn un pōk! ― Eat some of it! (imperative, plural)

From Latin in, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

in

1. in

• IPA^(key): /ʔɪn/

• audio

  (file)

From Old High German in, from Proto-Germanic *in, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én.

in

1. (with dative) in, within, at, to, (contained by; within)

   Es ist in dem Haus. ― It is in house.

2. (with dative) in (pertaining to)
3. (with dative) in (at the end of or during a period of time)
4. (with accusative) into (going inside (of))

   Er geht ins Haus. ― He goes into the house.

The preposition in is used with accusative case if the verb shows movement from one place to another, whereas it is used with dative case if the verb shows location.

• (in + dem) im m or n
• (in + das) ins n
• in der Zwickmühle stecken

Borrowed from English in.

in (not comparable)

1. in, popular (in fashion)

in

1. Romanization of 𐌹𐌽

in

1. in

in (plus dative, triggers eclipsis)

1. Alternative form of i

This variant of i is used before vowel-initial words, before bhur (“your pl”), before dhá (“two”), before titles of books, films, and the like, and before foreign words that resist mutation.

In older texts, the n is spelled together with a vowel-initial word (e.g. i n-aice le instead of modern in aice le (“beside”) and i nÉirinn or i n-Éirinn instead of modern in Éirinn (“in Ireland”). Also in older texts, in bhur may be spelled i nbhur.

From Latin in.

in

1. in; on
   • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:

     Cume li va puleîto in alto mare!

     How they row well on the high seas!

From Latin in, from Old Latin en, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈin/, [ˈin̺]

in

1. in

   Ho qualcosa in tasca. ― I have got something in my pocket.

   Partirò in primavera. ― I will be leaving in spring.

   Vado in quinta elementare. ― I'm in fifth grade of elementary school.

2. to

   Sono andato in panetteria. ― I went to the bakery.

   Vado in quinta elementare. ― I go to fifth grade of elementary school.

3. into
4. by

   Vado a scuola in autobus. ― I go to school by bus.

5. on

   Ho messo un cappello in testa. ― I put a hat on my head.

   Metti il pane in tavola. ― Put the bread on the table.

• When followed by the definite article, in is combined with the article to produce the following combined forms:

in + article	Combined form
in + il	nel
in + lo	nello
in + l'	nell'
in + i	nei
in + gli	negli
in + la	nella
in + le	nelle

• ni

in

1. Rōmaji transcription of いん

in

1. in

• endo, indu (Old Latin)

From Old Latin en, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”). Cognates include Ancient Greek ἐν (en), Old Prussian en and Old English in (English in).

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /in/, [ɪn]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /in/

• Audio (Classical)

  (file)

in (+ accusative, ablative)

1. (+ ablative) in, at, on, from (space)
   • 29 bc. Vergil. Georgics, III

     omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve
     et genvs æqvorevm pecvdes pictæqve volvcres
     in fvrias ignemqve rvvnt

     So far does every species on earth of man and beast,
     whether the aquatic species, livestock, or painted-winged,
     collapse into the frenzies and the fire.

   • Seneca

     venenum in auro bibitur

     Poison is drunk from a gold cup.

2. (+ dative) within, while in (time)
3. (+ accusative) into, to
   • 29 bc. Vergil. Georgics, III

     omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve
     et genvs æqvorevm pecvdes pictæqve volvcres
     in fvrias ignemqve rvvnt

     So far does every species on earth of man and beast,
     whether the aquatic species, livestock, or painted-winged,
     collapse into the frenzies and the fire.

   • 1774, Finnur Jónsson, Historia Ecclesiastica Islandiæ 1:

     De introductione religionis Christianæ in Islandiam.

     On the introduction of Christianity to Iceland.

4. (+ accusative) about
5. (+ accusative) according to
6. (+ accusative) against

• ex

• For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:in.

From Latin in, from Old Latin en, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

• IPA^(key): /iŋ/

in

1. in

in + article	Combined form
in + o	ne-o
in + a	ne-a
in + i	ne-i
in + e	ne-e

• inte

With iotacism, from un (“a, an”, indefinite article).

• IPA^(key): /in/

in

1. a, an (male)

• This form is found:
  • in sentence-initial position, or after a punctuation mark
  • after words ending in /ŋ/

in (using Raguileo Alphabet)

1. To eat.
2. First-person singular realis mood form of in.

• kofketun
• ilotun

• Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

From Old Dutch in, from Proto-Germanic *in.